石膏矿区采空地面塌陷易发性分区与监测预警研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘爱斌  景佳俊  周丹  管祯  翟如伟 《中国地质调查》2017,4(6):76-82

邳州市邳北石膏矿区采空地面塌陷日益严重,为防治地质灾害,市政府于2016年进行了石膏矿区采空地面塌陷专项地质灾害防治规划。通过分析矿区已有资料、分析已发塌陷点和现场调查,阐述了采空区地面塌陷的特点与危害,并采用模糊综合评判方法对地面塌陷的易发性进行了分区。根据分区结果,结合人员密集程度,提出了区域采空区综合治理和地面塌陷地质灾害防治监测预警的措施和方法,为地质灾害防治工作提供依据。  相似文献   

海域天然气水合物资源勘查工程进展          下载免费PDF全文

杨胜雄  梁金强  刘昌岭  沙志彬 《中国地质调查》2017,4(2):1-8

近年来,由中国地质调查局组织实施的“海域天然气水合物资源勘查”工程,按照工程总体部署,主要开展了我国南海北部海域的天然气水合物勘查、环境监测与评价,以及成矿理论、勘查与试采关键技术、实验模拟等研究工作,获取了海量基础数据,取得了一系列突破性进展和原创性成果,初步摸清了我国海域天然气水合物资源家底,为试采工程的实施提供了有力支撑。该工程全力支撑了中国地质调查局天然气水合物工程技术中心、国土资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室、国土资源部天然气水合物重点实验室建设,推动了科技创新与地质调查深度融合,促进了水合物学科的发展。  相似文献   

Earthquake detection probability within a seismically quiet area: application to the Bruchsal geothermal field          下载免费PDF全文

Emmanuel Gaucher 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(2):268-286

In applications such as oil and gas production, deep geothermal energy production, underground storage, and mining, it is common practice to implement local seismic networks to monitor and to mitigate induced seismicity. For this purpose, it is crucial to determine the capability of the network to detect a seismic event of predefined magnitude in the target area. The determination of the magnitude of completeness of a network is particularly required to properly interpret seismic monitoring results. We propose a method to compute the detection probability for existing local seismic networks, which (i) strictly follows the applied detection sequence; (ii) estimates the detection capability where seismicity has not yet occurred; and (iii) delivers the results in terms of probabilities. The procedure includes a calibration of a local magnitude scale using regional earthquakes recorded by the network and located outside the monitored area. It involves pre‐processing of the seismograms recorded at each station as performed during the triggering sequence, which is assumed based on amplitude thresholds. Then, the calibrated magnitude–distance–amplitude relations are extrapolated at short distances and combined to reproduce the network detection sequence. This generates a probability to detect a seismic event of a given magnitude at a specified location. This observation‐based approach is an alternative to a fully theoretical detection capability modelling and includes field conditions. Seismic wave attenuation by geometrical spreading and intrinsic attenuation, site effect, and instrumental responses are partly accounted for by the calibration. We apply this procedure on the seismic network deployed in the Bruchsal geothermal field (Germany). Although the system was in good working order, no induced seismicity was identified in the area between June 2010, when monitoring started, and November 2012. The recording of distant seismicity during this time period, however, allowed the application of the proposed procedure. According to the applied network detection parameters, the results indicate that the absence of seismicity can be interpreted as a 95% probability that no seismic event with M_L ≥ 0.7 occurred below the network at 2.4‐km depth, i.e., in the geothermal reservoir.  相似文献   

A land controlled‐source electromagnetic experiment using a deep vertical electric dipole: experimental settings,processing, and first data interpretation          下载免费PDF全文

E. Vilamajó  B. Rondeleux  P. Queralt  A. Marcuello  J. Ledo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(6):1527-1540

A multichannel borehole‐to‐surface controlled‐source electromagnetic experiment was carried out at the onshore CO₂ storage site of Hontomín (Spain). The electromagnetic source consisted of a vertical electric dipole located 1.5 km deep, and the electric field was measured at the surface. The subsurface response has been obtained by calculating the transfer function between the transmitted signal and the electric field at the receiver positions. The dataset has been processed using a fast processing methodology, appropriate to be applied on controlled‐source electromagnetics (CSEM) data with a large signal‐to‐noise ratio. The dataset has been analysed in terms of data quality and repeatability errors, showing data with low experimental errors and good repeatability. We evaluate if the induction of current along the casing of the injection well can reproduce the behaviour of the experimental data.  相似文献   

Climate driven changes in the submerged macrophyte and phytoplankton community in a hard water lake     

《Limnologica》2015

We studied the changes in the submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and phytoplankton community in a hard water lake during different meteorological conditions. We hypothesized that variations in climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature) can influence the physicochemical parameters of water and, in turn, affect SAV and phytoplankton development. The investigations were performed in Lake Rogóźno (the West Polesie region, Eastern Poland) over 10 years from 2003 to 2013. The physicochemical parameters, the structure of macrophytes and the phytoplankton community in the dry (2003–2006, DP) and wet periods (2007–2013, WP) were analyzed. Between the dry and wet periods, the water color and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased considerably, whereas water conductivity decreased. Other parameters (concentration of nutrients, water reaction and transparency) were comparable during both periods. When the precipitation and water level were low (DP), charophytes dominated the SAV and cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton community. After the precipitation and water level increased (WP), the charophyte population declined and the vascular plants and bryophytes dominated. Furthermore, flagellated algae belonging to the dinophytes and cryptophytes were the most numerous in the phytoplankton community. These changes in the SAV and phytoplankton were linked with the variations of physicochemical parameters determined by the total precipitation and mean air temperature in March.  相似文献   

Morphodynamics of steep mountain channels          下载免费PDF全文

Francesco Brardinoni  Luca Mao  Alain Recking  Dieter Rickenmann  Jens M. Turowski 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(11):1560-1562

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我国地震地下流体观测台网调整与优化方案探讨          下载免费PDF全文

车用太  鱼金子 《地震学报》2015,37(2):357-367

本文首先简要介绍了我国地震地下流体观测台网的现状,然后针对其存在的主要问题提出了调整与优化的建议: ① 调整布局,重点加强我国中西部地区(105°E以西)的监测; ② 扩大规模,观测井(泉)数要达到1000个左右; ③ 全面提高观测井质量,淘汰不符合规范要求的观测井(泉),改造不完全符合规范要求的观测井,新建一批完全符合规范的观测井; ④ 优化观测项目的组合,大力发展观测井(泉)水流量观测,强化以H₂、 He、 CO₂等为主测项的断层带土壤气观测,建立断层带土壤气观测网; ⑤ 优化现有的观测模式,开展平面上的台阵式观测与垂向的多层次立体化观测; ⑥ 完善与提升现有数字化观测技术水平.   相似文献   

敦煌西湖自然保护区湿地演化及驱动力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段浩  潘世兵  李琳  袁海峰 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(2):222-228

西湖国家级自然保护区位于河西走廊西端,是敦煌盆地人工绿洲的天然屏障。近几十年来,由于气候变化和人类水土资源过度开发,保护区生态环境持续恶化,湿地退化和沙漠化趋势日趋严重。本文运用多时相资源卫星遥感影像,解译分析了保护区湿地演化规律。结果表明：1980-2013年间有23个年份湿地处于快速退化状态,保护区湿地面积由1.72×10⁴ hm²减少到0.99×10⁴ hm²,减少了42.4%;保护区湿地的斑块数从32个增加到51个,平均斑块面积由537 hm²减少为213 hm²,湿地演化呈破碎化趋势。湿地分布质心向西南方向移动了11.59 km,湿地呈整体向西南缓慢移动的趋势。运用因子分析法对湿地演化的驱动因子进行了分类,并利用投影寻踪模型分析各驱动因子对湿地演化的贡献率,结果表明：下游湿地退化的根本原因是大规模引地表水和开采地下水灌溉,其次是气候变化引起的冰川退缩、径流量衰减。20世纪90年代,西湖保护区湿地处于相对稳定状态,建议敦煌地区耕地维持在20世纪90年代初的2.7×10⁴ hm²水平,或通过节水、调整作物结构和跨流域调水等措施,压缩引地表水和开采地下水水量,灌溉用水需控制在20世纪90年代初的用水水平。该研究成果可为自然保护区湿地保护和流域综合开发提供依据。  相似文献   

CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合探测地表线性变形速率     

邢学敏  贺跃光  闻德保  周访滨 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(3):464-468

提出利用CRInSAR与PSInSAR融合解算地表变形参数的算法。将CR点上获取的线性变形速率与高程改正结果作为PS基线网络的起算数据,依据最小二乘原理求解PS点上待求线性变形速率与高程改正值的最优解。这一算法可融合PSInSAR与CRInSAR两种算法的优势,起到很好的互补作用。实验显示,这一算法获取的线性变形速率精度可达±0.37 mm/a,高程改正值精度可达±0.5 m,证实该算法在实际地表变形监测中具备可行性。  相似文献   

重庆巫山望霞W2-2危岩体失稳演化过程分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨秀元  蔡玲玲  邓兵  李强 《地震工程学报》2015,37(4):1066-1072

重庆市巫山县望霞危岩是长江三峡黄金水道巫山段左岸的一处典型重大危岩体,2010年雨季出现明显变形,随后转入应急监测,并依据监测成果两次成功预警。本文基于地质分析和监测成果,研究望霞W2-2危岩体变形-演化的动力学过程,发现持续降雨是崩滑灾害发生的直接诱发因素。雨水渗入浸泡使泥岩软基强度降低,塑流变形加剧,加大了危岩的下部变形程度,使上覆砂岩层沿接触底面出现拉裂。同时水体作用造成危岩中节理、裂隙极其发育。W2-2危岩体变形破坏演化过程可分为前期累积变形、匀速变形、加速变形和临界加速变形四个阶段,其中加速变形点和临界加速变形点具有很好的预警指示意义,加速点可视为岩体稳定与不稳定破坏的分界点。  相似文献