Incorporating topographic variability into a simple regional snowmelt model     

W. T. Sloan  C. G. Kilsby  R. Lunn 《水文研究》2004,18(17):3371-3390

General circulation models (GCMs), or stand‐alone models that are forced by the output from GCMs, are increasingly being used to simulate the interactions between snow cover, snowmelt, climate and water resources. The variation in snowpack extent, and hence albedo, through time in a cell is likely to be substantial, especially in mid‐latitude mountainous regions. As a consequence, the energy budget simulation by a GCM relies on a realistic representation of snowpack extent. Similarly, from a water resource perspective, the spatial extent of the pack is key in predicting meltwater discharges into rivers. In this paper a simple computationally efficient regional snow model has been developed, which is based on a degree‐day approach and simulates the fraction of the model domain covered by snow, the spatially averaged melt rate and the mean snowpack depth. Computational efficiency is achieved through a novel spatial averaging procedure, which relies on the assumptions that precipitation and temperature scale linearly with elevation and that the distribution of elevations in the domain can be modelled by a continuous function. The resulting spatially averaged model is compared with both observations of the duration of snow cover throughout Austria and with results from a distributed model based on the same underlying assumptions but applied at a fine spatial resolution. The new spatially averaged model successfully simulated the seasonal snow duration observations and reproduced the daily dynamics of snow cover extent, the spatially averaged melt rate and mean pack depth simulated by the distributed model. It, therefore, offers a computationally efficient and easily applied alternative to the current crop of regional snow models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

米箭沟尾矿坝料动力特性试验研究     

贺汇文  龙建辉  吕远强 《工程地质学报》2007,15(6):817-822

本文对米箭沟尾矿坝料的组成、结构特征和物理力学性质进行分析,运用振动三轴试验确定尾矿坝料的动力特性参数,分析研究动力特性指标模型,得出动应力、动模量、阻尼比、动剪切摸量随动应变的变化规律,以及动应力与破坏振次,孔压比与振次比的变化规律,并提出符合试验结果的孔压模型,对该尾矿坝的地震动力分析及抗震稳定性评价提供一定科学依据和技术指导。  相似文献   

黄土物理性质与湿陷性的关系及其工程意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李萍  李同录 《工程地质学报》2007,15(4):506-512

以陇东地区黄土为研究对象,探讨了湿陷系数与各种物理指标的内在联系,采用多因素回归分析建立了湿陷系数与含水量、孔隙比、塑性指数(粘粒含量)的分析模型,结果显示湿陷系数与物理指标间具有良好的相关性,采用物理指标计算的湿陷总量与实验测试总量较为接近,计算结果更好的反映湿陷性随取样深度变化的规律,对评价湿陷性黄土地基具有工程实用价值。  相似文献   

VIC陆面水文模型在白莲河流域径流模拟中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋星原  余海艳  张利平  李丹颖 《水文》2007,27(2):40-44

本文从气象与水文水资源学科交叉的角度引进VIC陆面水文模型,将其应用于湖北省白莲河流域,探讨模型在中小流域降雨径流模拟中的适用性。本研究利用白莲河流域DEM、植被、土壤等数字化资料,经过模型预处理,建立了白莲河流域VIC模型框架。并进行了模型参数敏感性分析。模拟结果表明,模型基本能够反映该流域的日径流水文过程,具有一定适用性。  相似文献   

孔隙网络模型在土壤水文学中的应用研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

吕菲  刘建立 《水科学进展》2007,18(6):915-922

非饱和土壤的水力性质是采用模型定量模拟水分和溶质在非饱和带中运动的最重要的物理参数,可以用网络模型来预测。孔隙网络模型的主要优点在于可以对发生在土壤孔隙尺度上的物理、化学过程进行直观的表达和模拟。目前,国内外研究者已在样品图像获取、图像分析、模型建立以及求解等方面取得了一定的进展。在对其进行综合评述的基础上,指出了已有网络模型在建立过程中存在的不足之处,并进一步明确了今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

Correlation of<Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-Waves with Cutting Specific Energy and Dominant Properties of Volcanic and Carbonate Rocks     

A. Ersoy  U. Atici 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(5):491-504

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基于DEM的清水河分布式水文模型   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

丁辉  陈亚宁  李卫红  陈亚鹏 《干旱区地理》2007,30(3):64-369

对于以冰雪融水和雨水混合补给为主的西北山区流域,需要结合山区特点建立分布式水文模型。通过取塔里木河流域中的清水河水系为研究区域,采用300 m×300 m DEM数据进行流域河网水系提取,同时用DEM数据对参数进行分布式异化,建立冰雪融水与降雨相结合的分布式水文模型。分析模拟结果表明:夏季模拟径流主峰值与实测径流值较为接近,而冬春季节两者之间的差别较大,反映了西北山区流域冰雪融水和雨水混合补给为主的特点;进而开拓塔里木河区域应用该类模型的可行性。  相似文献   

特小流域洪水计算概论   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

董秀颖  刘金清  叶莉莉 《水文》2007,27(5):46-48

根据特小流域的雨洪特性，分别概论了特小流域设计洪峰流量计算、设计洪水过程线确定、方法（公式）选用与成果合理性分析等。特别提出了不管采用哪种方法（公式）计算设计洪峰流量，均需对特小流域进行水文查勘，并尽量利用实测资料，对各项参数进行分析和检验，使计算成果更符合实际情况。  相似文献   

Development of a hydrogeological model description of intrusive rock at different investigation scales: an example from south-eastern Sweden     

Ingvar Rhén  Hans Thunehed  Carl-Axel Triumf  Sven Follin  Lee Hartley  Jan Hermansson  Carl-Henric Wahlgren 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(1):47-69

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ULF geomagnetic anomalies of possible seismogenic origin observed at Teoloyucan station, México, in 1999–2001: Intermediate and short-time analysis     

A. Kotsarenko  R. Prez Enríquez  J.A. Lpez Cruz-Abeyro  S. Koshevaya  V. Grimalsky  V. Yutsis  I. Kremenetsky 《Tectonophysics》2007,431(1-4):249

The analysis of ULF geomagnetic field measured at Teoloyucan station (Central Mexico, 11′35.735″ W, 19 44′45.100″ N, 2280 m height) is presented in an intermediate (± 15 days) and short time scale (the day of the EQ occurrence) in relation to 7 major earthquakes occurred in Mexico in 1999–2001. Local changes in the fractal dynamics of the magnetic field are found to be important: a pronounced fall of the fractal index is frequently observed prior to the main shock. The study of the ULF resonant structure recently discovered in the frequencies f_R1 = 10.2−11.1 mHz and f_R2 = 13.6−14.5 mHz reveals changes in their character probably related to the processes of the earthquakes preparation. The success of the observation of the mentioned anomalies (specially the fractal index decrease) strongly depends on how close is the station from the epicenter, and what is the magnitude of the earthquake.  相似文献