Experimental analysis of compaction of concrete and mortar     

Nicolas Burlion  Gilles Pijaudier‐Cabot  Noël Dahan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(15):1467-1486

Compaction of concrete is physically a collapse of the material porous microstructure. It produces plastic strains in the material and, at the same time, an increase of its bulk modulus. This paper presents two experimental techniques aimed at obtaining the hydrostatic response of concrete and mortar. The first one is a uniaxial confined compression test which is quite simple to implement and allows to reach hydrostatic pressures of about 600 MPa. The specimen size is large enough so that concrete with aggregate sizes up to 16 mm can be tested. The second one is a true hydrostatic test performed on smaller (mortar) specimens. Test results show that the hydrostatic response of the material is elasto‐plastic with a stiffening effect on both the tangent and unloading bulk moduli. The magnitude of the irreversible volumetric strains depends on the initial porosity of the material. This porosity can be related in a first approximation to the water/cement ratio. A comparison of the hydrostatic responses obtained from the two testing techniques on the same material show that the hydrostatic response of cementitious materials cannot be uncoupled from the deviatoric response, as opposed to the standard assumption in constitutive relations for metal alloys. This feature should be taken into account in the development of constitutive relations for concrete subjected to high confinement pressures which are needed in the modelling of impact problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

构造附加静水压力及构造物理化学在地质研究中的应用     

吕古贤  王义强  郭涛  孙丰月 《国土资源》1999,(3)

“构造附加静水压力”概念认为，地壳任一点静水压力部分是由重力所附加的静水压力和由构造作用力所附加的静水压力叠合而成的。构造叠加致使同一地壳深度的水平面上静水压力值不相等，这种压力梯度是流体及油气长距离水平运移的主要原因。建立岩石矿床形成深度的构造校正测算方法，得出胶东“玲珑－ 焦家式”金矿成矿深度仅３ ｋｍ 左右的数据，进而测得大别超高压变质带含柯石英榴辉岩形成深度仅≥３２ ｋｍ ，它们可能是壳内构造物理化学过程的产物； 逐步形成构造通过影响物理化学环境的方式影响成岩成矿地球化学过程， 即构造物理化学成矿的新认识， 探讨应用构造物理化学场结构分析与界面成矿的观点进行预测未知区隐伏矿床。  相似文献   

静水压法人工诱导牙鲆(♀)×圆斑星鲽(♂)杂交三倍体的探索     

刘金相  王旭波  刘聪辉  高金宁  王忠凯  王文基  王志刚  于海洋  齐洁 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(2)

开展了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)(♀)和圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)(♂)杂交,通过静水压抑制受精卵第二极体的释放来诱导杂交三倍体,设计单因素分析实验,筛选出当前试验条件下的最佳诱导条件。结果表明:静水压法可成功诱导出杂交三倍体,诱导率主要受到受精后处理起始时刻、处理压强和压强处理时间3个因素的影响。静水压法的最佳诱导条件为:海水温度(15.0±0.2)℃,受精后3 min起,以70 MPa压力处理6 min。此时相对孵化率为(24.06±1.10)%,利用倍性分析仪对其进行倍性鉴定,三倍体率为(26.67±6.67)%。染色体分析表明,三倍体胚胎的染色体数目为71条,对照组二倍体胚胎的染色体数目为47条。还发现有少量染色体数目为24条的单倍体胚胎。研究结果为鲆鲽鱼类异源多倍体的培育提供了参考。  相似文献   

Effect of tropical cyclone intensity and instability on the evolution of spiral bands     

Hong Huang  Yongqiang Jiang  Zhongyi Chen  Jian Luo  Xuezhong Wang 《大气科学进展》2014,31(5):1090-1100

The evolution of spiral-band-like structures triggered by asymmetric heating in three tropical-cyclone-like vortices of different intensities is examined using the Three-Dimensional Vortex Perturbation Analyzer and Simulator （3DVPAS） model. To simulate the spiral bands, asymmetric thermal perturbations are imposed on the radius of maximum wind （RMW） of vortices, which can be considered as the location near the eyewall of real tropical cyclones （TCs）. All the three vortices experience a hydrostatic adjustment after the introduction of thermal asymmetries. It takes more time for weaker and stable vortices to finish such a process. The spiral-band-like structures, especially those distant from the vortex centers, form and evolve accompanying this process. In the quasi-balance state, the spiral bands are gradually concentrated to the inner core, the wave behavior of which resembles the features of classic vortex Rossby （VR） waves. The unstable vortices regain nonhydrostatic features after the quasi-balance stage. The spiral bands further from the vortex center, similar to distant spiral bands in real TCs, form and maintain more easily in the moderate basic-state vortex, satisfying the conditions of barotropic instability. The widest radial extent and longest-lived distant bands always exist in weak and stable vortices. This study represents an attempt to determine the role of TC intensity and stability in the formation and evolution of spiral bands via hydrostatic balance adjustment, and provides some valuable insights into the formation of distant spiral rainbands.  相似文献   

考虑桩身压缩的综合系数法计算超长桩基础沉降   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张忠苗  杨淼  房凯 《岩土力学》2012,33(3):793-798

实测表明,超长桩基础的桩身压缩量占总沉降量很大比例,因此,等代墩基法刚性体的假定不符合实际,需要一种考虑桩身压缩量的方法来计算超长桩基础沉降。通过对现有超长桩实测数据的分析,得到了嵌岩桩桩身压缩系数拟合方程,同时得出了非嵌岩桩桩身压缩系数约为0.5;推出桩侧沉降比和桩端沉降比,并编制了Matlab计算程序。最后通过工程实例计算考虑桩身压缩的超长桩基础沉降,计算结果与实测结果相吻合。  相似文献   

不同光强下小球藻纵向沉降及悬浮特性研究     

卢金锁  张博  张旭 《海洋科学》2013,37(9):54-60

通过用自制沉降柱研究小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)在表层不同光强作用下纵向沉降特性以及分布规律, 为进一步了解水库中小球藻的纵向分布提供参考。实验室培养的小球藻按其直径可分为小于4.5 μm、4.5～5.5 μm、大于5.5 μm 3 个等级, 不同粒径的小球藻在不同光强的作用下沉速不同; 实验条件下小球藻的沉速分布在0.1～468.2 μm/s, 均值为32.8 μm/s; 小球藻的沉降速度随沉降柱表层光强增强而降低, 无光状态下时沉速是表层光强为10 000 lx 的2～3 倍; 小球藻直径大小与沉速呈正相关, 直径4.5～5.5 μm 的小球藻沉速是3.5～4.5 μm 的5~6 倍; 沉降稳定后实验柱中小球藻从表层至底层粒径逐渐变大, 除底层外小球藻在纵向峰值随光强增加而向下延伸, 如实验柱表层光强为1 000 lx 和4 000 lx时小球藻峰值出现实验柱表层, 而表层光强为7 000 lx 和10 000 lx 的实验峰值分别出现在水下300 mm和600 mm 处。  相似文献   

Using a Lagrangian model to estimate source regions of particles in sediment traps     

ZhongFeng Qiu  A. M. Doglioli  F. Carlotti 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2447-2456

A Lagrangian model is used to evaluate source regions of particles collected in the sediment traps at the DYFAMED(Dynamique des Flux Atmosphériques en Méditerranée) station by tracking particles backwards from March 1 to August 31, 2001. The analysis suggests that source regions depend on the flow fields, the settling speed of the particles, and the deployment depths of the traps. Monthly variation is observed in the distribution patterns of source regions, which is caused by the currents. The source regions are located around the traps and up to hundreds of kilometers away. As the settling speed increases with the particle diameters, the distance to the source regions decreases. The vertical flux can be approximately estimated in 1D for the particles with diameters larger than 500 μm. Furthermore, traps moored at various depths at the DYFAMED can collect particles that originated from different regions in the Ligurian Sea.  相似文献   

Modelling suspended sediment concentration and load in a transport‐limited alluvial gully in northern Queensland,Australia          下载免费PDF全文

Calvin W. Rose  Jeffrey G. Shellberg  Andrew P. Brooks 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(10):1291-1303

Alluvial gullies are often formed in dispersible sodic soils along steep banks of incised river channels. Field data collected by Shellberg et al. (Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 38: 1765–1778, 2013) from a gully outlet in northern Australia showed little hysteresis between water discharge and fine (<63 µm) and coarse (>63 µm) suspended sediment, indicating transport‐limited rather than source‐limited conditions. The major source of the fine (silt/clay) component was the sodic soils of upstream gully scarps, and the coarser (sand) component was sourced locally from channel bed material. In this companion paper at the same study site, a new method was developed for combining the settling velocity characteristics of these two sediment source components to estimate the average settling velocity of the total suspended sediment. This was compared to the analysis of limited sediment samples collected during flood conditions. These settling velocity data were used in the steady‐state transport limit theory of Hairsine and Rose (Water Resources Research 28: 237–243, 245–250, 1992) that successfully predicted field data of concentrations and loads at a cross‐section, regardless of the complexity of transport‐limited upstream sources (sheet erosion, scalds, rills, gullies, mass failure, bank and bed erosion, other disturbed areas). The analysis required calibration of a key model parameter, the fraction of total stream power (F ≈ 0.025) that is effective in re‐entraining sediment. Practical recommendations are provided for the prediction of sediment loads from other alluvial gullies in the region with similar hydrogeomorphic conditions, using average stream power efficiency factors for suspended silt/clay (F_w ≈ 0.016) and sand (F_s ≈ 0.038) respectively, but with no requirement for field data on sediment concentrations. Only basic field data on settling velocity characteristics from soil samples, channel geometry measurements, estimates of water velocity and discharge, and associated error margins are needed for transport limit theory predictions of concentration and load. This theory is simpler than that required in source‐limited situations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

北太平洋夏季的两个典型层积云区与海温和大气低层热力过程的关系     

章丽娜  王必正  曾庆存 《气候与环境研究》2005,10(3):626-637

比较ISCCP D2层积云云量的季节平均图后发现:除了大洋东部常年有层积云外,北太平洋夏季也存在一片大值区.在副热带东北太平洋和中纬度西北太平洋各取一个10°×10°的区域,分别记为NEP和NWP.利用OI-SST、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和ERBE资料,通过相关和气候分析,提出了新的物理意义明确的稳定度判据,比较了NEP和NWP两个区的夏季层积云云量与海温、大气热力过程的异同.结果表明:夏季,NEP和NWP都有正的稳定度,有利于层积云的形成和维持.NEP区和NWP区夏季的海气温差、感热通量、潜热通量有明显的差异.从海温和夏季层积云云量的相关分析发现:在NEP区,海温滞后于层积云云量,其相关于滞后3个月时有最大负值,这可能是由于海洋有较大的热惯性,对层积云遮蔽太阳辐射而导致洋面降温的响应需要3个月;而在NWP区,则是海温超前于层积云云量,其相关于超前1个月时有最大负值,这可能是由于从5月份开始海温低于气温,且有暖空气平流,有利于随后层积云、层云和雾的形成.  相似文献   

小波分析方法在静水位资料对黑龙江省桦南M4.7级地震震前反映分析     

岳力  王海涛  胡澜缤  武晓军  陈林楠 《东北地震研究》2015,(1)

利用小波分析和多尺度分析原理,结合通河、延寿、鹤岗静水位资料进行分析,对黑龙江省桦南县M4.7级震例资料,探讨该方法对于提取静水位数据水位资料中水位整点值序列的不同周期成分进行了有效分离,小波分析分解结果能够更直观和显著地反映地震活动的震前异常信息的有效性,表明小波分析在处理和分析水位资料方面是一种有效的方法。  相似文献