深圳湾浅海相淤泥固结变形特性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张长生  张伯友  江辉煌 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(3):35-37

深圳—香港西部通道填海及地基处理中,主固结沉降采用压缩模量Es计算的结果比实测沉降量小30%左右,采用压缩指数Cc计算的结果比较符合实际。淤泥的沉降比在20%～32%,总平均值达到26%,超过以往15%～20%的经验值。淤泥在满载一定时间后沉降速率下降缓慢,在达到0 5mm d左右时,各项指标就满足设计要求,因而卸载时的沉降速率标准定为0 5mm d。  相似文献   

Material versus local incompressibility and its influence onglacial‐isostatic adjustment     

Zden&#;k Martinec  Malte Thoma  Detlef Wolf 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,144(1):136-156

We present an analytical form of the layer propagator matrix for the response of a locally incompressible, layered, linear‐viscoelastic sphere to an external load assuming that the initial density stratification ϱ ₀( r ) within each layer is parametrized by Darwin's law. From this, we show that the relaxation of a sphere consisting of locally incompressible layers is governed by a discrete set of viscous modes. The explicit dependence of the layer propagator matrix on the Laplace transform variable allows us to determine the amplitudes of the viscous modes analytically. Employing Darwin's parametrization, we construct three simplified earth models with different initial density gradients that are used to compare the effects of the local incompressibility constraint, div ( ϱ ₀ u )=0, and the material incompressibility constraint, div  u =0, on viscoelastic relaxation. We show that a locally incompressible earth model relaxes faster than a materially incompressible model. This is a consequence of the fact that the perturbations of the initial density are zero during viscoelastic relaxation of a locally incompressible medium, so that there are no internal buoyancy forces associated with the continuous radial density gradients, only the buoyancy forces generated by internal density discontinuities. On the other hand, slowly decaying internal buoyancy forces in a materially incompressible earth model cause it to reach the hydrostatic equilibrium after a considerably longer time than a locally incompressible model. It is important to note that the approximation of local incompressibility provides a solution for a compressible earth model that is superior to the conventional solutions for a compressible earth with homogeneous layers because it is based on an initial state that is consistent with the assumption of compressibility.  相似文献   

在高海拔地区Saastamoinen与Hopfield模型推算水汽含量差异的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曲建光  魏旭东  王泽民  赵全胜 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(4):397-399,416

详细分析了在高海拔地区利用Saastamoinen和Hopfield两种模型推算水汽含量时产生差异的原因，并通过对高程不同的测站上实测数据的分析和研究，给出了Hopfield模型的修正项。  相似文献   

农林复合带一维非静力大气边界层模式及其模拟分析     

夏俊杰  徐玉貌  倪允琪 《南京气象学院学报》2003,26(2):181-189

建立了一个农林复合带地区一维非静力大气边界层能量闭合模式，对1000m以下的大气边界层内的风、温、湿作了24h的预报，并对下垫面3种不同参数化方案(农作物、森林、无植被)的输出结果与实测值进行了分析和比较；同时通过敏感性试验，突出比较了农作物和森林下垫面对大气边界层垂直流场，湍流垂直交换和湍能的影响。结果表明，本模式能改善边界层风速、位温和湿度预报的模拟效果，下垫面植被对边界层气象要素大小和分布有显著的作用，对湍能垂直分布有一定影响。  相似文献   

南海北部时间系列沉降颗粒的有机地球化学特征及意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

陈建芳 Wong  HK 《地球化学》1997,26(6):47-56

通过对南海北部用大孔径沉积物捕获器采集的时间系列沉降颗粒样品中总有机碳，总氮，氨基酸与单糖组分以及叶绿素等有机组分的分析，揭示了南海颗粒物质中有机组分的主要特征，表明沉降颗粒物质中有机质主要来自近期生长的海洋浮游生物，并进一步推断季风对南海北部沉降颗粒物质通量及有机组分具有重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

层状云中非垂直多条撒播线源催化剂扩散的数值模拟   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

余兴  樊鹏  王晓玲  戴进  李兆元 《气象学报》1998,56(6):708-723

首先建立了一个模拟层状云中催化剂扩散的三维时变烟团轨迹模式。该模式能够模拟层状云中多条（与风向）非垂直撒播线源的催化剂扩散特征。在模式中,详细考虑了地形、垂直风切变对催化剂扩散的影响以及催化剂播散参数的时空变化和催化剂的湿清除效应以更接近于实际过程。其次建立了一个细网格三维非静力中－β尺度动力学预报模式,用于模拟大气流场和湍流场,以其作为烟团轨迹模式的背景场。最后根据１９９６年３月３１日０８时实测常规气象资料和１４时飞机实际播撒参数,对陕西省关中地区飞机人工增雨作业中的催化剂扩散进行了数值模拟,对不同的大气层结和扩散参数做了敏感性试验分析。模拟结果表明：（１）在非均匀、非定常及非垂直直线源情况下,层状云中催化剂扩散的浓度等值线空间分布较复杂,不满足高斯分布。（２）催化剂的扩散与湍流扩散系数、风场分布相对应,水平扩散范围大于垂直扩散范围。（３）不稳定层结有利于催化剂扩散和多条线源的合并,扩散系数越大,扩散范围越大,线源间合并越早,撒播的线源间距可以大些。（４）陡峭地形对低层风场和湍流场影响较大。  相似文献   

Particle flux through the Huanghai Sea cold water mass     

GUO Xuewu  ZHANG Yansong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(5):78-88

Settling particulate matter （SPM） was collected by using sediment traps at four stations in a survey section from Qingdao to Cheju-do, across the Huanghai Sea cold water mass （HSCWM）, in August 2002. The sediment traps were planted in three layers： the upper layer of the thermocline （ULT） above the HSCWM, the lower layer of the thermocline （LLT）, and the bottom layer of water column （BL）. To determine the particle flux, the contents of organic carbon （POC）, organic nitrogen （PON）, total carbon （PC）, and total phosphorous （PP） in SPM were analyzed, and two flux models （Ⅰ and Ⅱ） were improved to calculate the resuspension ratio, with an assumption in Model Ⅰ that the vertical flux of SPM in the LLT equals the net vertical flux of SPM in the whole water column. An X value, i.e., the fraction of the resuspension flux originating from the surficial sediments nearby the sampling station, was deduced from Model Ⅰ to estimate the contribution of lateral currents to the total resuspension flux. The results showed that inorganic particles, fecal pellets, and miscellaneous aggregates were the major types of SPM in the HSCWM, and the contents of POC, PON, PC, and PP all decreased with water depth. A great deal of fecal pellets found in the LLT indicates that the main space producing biogenic SPM is the thermocline, and especially the LLT, where the C/N ratio is lower than that in the ULT. The resuspension ratios, 90%-96% among stations, imply strong impact ofresuspension on particle flux in the BL. These values were not significantly different between the two flux models, suggesting that the hypothesis in Model Ⅰ that the flux in the LLT equaling the net flux to the bottom is acceptable for shallow waters with stratification like the HSCWM. The POC export ratio from the HSCWM ranges from 35% to 68%. It benefits from the short sinking distance in shallow water. The upwelling in the HSCWM enhanced the POC flux through the water mass, and the lateral currents provides up to being greater than 50% ofresuspension flux in the BL according to evaluation of the X value.  相似文献   

Temporal variations in the concentration and settling flux of carbon and phytoplankton pigments in a deep fjordlike estuary     

Edward T. Baker  Richard A. Feely  Michael R. Landry  Marilyn Lamb 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(6):859-877

The weekly mass flux of C and phytoplankton pigments at five depths in the main basin of Puget Sound, a deep (200 m) fjordlike estuary, was sampled for a year with moored sequentially-sampling sediment traps. Flux measurements were compared with weekly samples of suspended pigments in the euphotic zone and bi-monthly samples of total suspended matter and particulate C throughout the water column at the mooring site.Seasonal changes in the total mass flux at all depths were small; instead, physical (river runoff, bottom resuspension) and biological (phytoplankton blooms) events caused occasional sharp increases on a weekly scale. The dry weight concentration of pigments in the trap samples mirrored the concentration of pigments in the euphotic zone suspended matter, increasing from 0·01% in winter to a maximum of 0·65% in late summer. Bloom-induced changes in the pigment concentration were observed almost simultaneously in the euphotic zone and in the traps to a depth of 160 m, indicating a rapid vertical transfer of surface-originating particles by organic aggregates. In contrast to the strong seasonal signal in the pigment concentration, C concentration varied by only a factor of three during the year.The seasonal trend of C/pigment ratios in the C flux arises from at least two sources: (1) a balance between terrestrial sources of C during the high-runoff winter season and in-situ primary production in spring and summer, and (2) cycling of C through the zooplankton population. Budget calculations suggest that the loss of primary-produced C and pigment from the euphotic zone by settling is 5% regardless of season. On an annual basis, this C flux (16 g m⁻²) is sufficient to support previously measured values of benthic aerobic respiration at the mooring site. To account for other C sinks such as burial, predation and chemical oxidation, however, terrestrial C sources and alternate transport pathways, such as vertical advection and sediment movement down the steep basin walls, are necessary.  相似文献   

Sedimentology and preservation potential of carbonate sand sheets deposited by the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: South Baa Atoll,Maldives     

SCOTT L. NICHOL  PAUL S. KENCH 《Sedimentology》2008,55(5):1173-1187

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φ147 mm铝合金钻杆抗内外压强度试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘宝昌  孙永辉  孙友宏  李闯  王立臣  李宝  弗拉基米尔BbBb巴索维奇 《探矿工程》2016,43(4):63-67

铝合金钻杆因具有质量轻、比强度高、抗腐蚀性好、低磁等优点,在深井与超深井钻探作业中备受关注。在深井与超深井钻进中,铝合金钻杆需要承受巨大的内外压力,因此有必要对钻杆所能承受的最大内外压力进行计算与试验,对自行研制的φ147 mm铝合金钻杆进行了静水内、外压试验与弹性力学理论计算校核,7075铝合金钻杆在内压69.51 MPa时持续加压20 min,没有发生泄漏现象;最大抗外压值为107.4 MPa。2024铝合金钻杆在内压48.65 MPa时持续加压20 min,没有发生泄漏现象;最大抗外压值为72.3 MPa。试验表明,铝合金钻杆抗内、外压性能良好,从而保证了铝合金钻杆在深井及超深井钻进时的可靠性。  相似文献