Formation Depth of Coesite-Bearing Eclogite, Dabie UHPM Zone, China     

Lü Guxian 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(2):206-215

The plastic deformation of garnet in coesite-bearing eclogite,quartz eclogite and garnet amphibolite of the UHPM complex in Yingshan County in the Dabie Mountains has been studied. The stress generated by the strong tectonic movement was an important component of the total pressure that resulted in the formation of the eclogite in the Dabie UHPM zone. The three-dimensional tectonic principal stresses and additional tectonic stress-induced hydrostatic pressure ［ps=(σ1 σ2 σ3)/3］ are reconstructed according to the differential stress and the strain ratio(α) of the garnet in the minor coesite-bearing eclogite of the Yingshan County. Then the gravity-induced hydrostatic pressure(pg) is calculated following the equation p minus ps,where p is estimated to be 2.8 Gpa based on the quartz-coesite geobarmeter. Therefore,the thickness of the rock column overlying the coesite-bearing eclogite in the Ying-shan County is determined ≥32 km. This estimation,significantly different from ≥100 km,the previous one obtained solely based on the weight/specific weight ratio(W/SW),offers a proper explanation for the puzzle that no tracer of the addition of mantle-derived material has been found in the Dabie UHPM zone during the process of UHPM,although a number of researchers claim that this process took place at the depth of the mantle(≥100 km). It is concluded that attention should be paid to the additional tectonic stress-induced hydrostatic pressure in the study of UHPM zones.  相似文献   

全球定位系统(GPS)技术的最新进展 第六讲 GPS气象学   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李征航  徐晓华 《测绘信息与工程》2003,28(2):29-33

介绍了地基GPS气象学及空基GPS气象学的概念、基本原理、方法以及它们在数值天气预报和气候变化研究中的应用。  相似文献   

东南极Amery冰架与陆地冰分界线的重新划定及验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王清华  宁津生  任贾文  温家洪 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2002,27(6):591-597

根据无线电回波测厚 (RES)数据对东南极Amery冰架与陆地冰分界线进行了重新划定 ,指出该冰架的接地线位置最南一直向内陆延伸到 73 .2°S处 ,距冰架末端最远距离约 5 0 0km。并在该流域选取了两条具有代表性的剖面 ,分别用水面以下的冰厚度与总的冰厚度的比值、流体静力学平衡理论等进行了验证。同时对该地区所在的整个冰流系统用 5kmERS_1/DEM数据和 1kmRAMP/DEM数据 ,GPS实地测量值等对这一结论进行了验证。最后按流体静力学平衡条件对该流域的漂浮冰部分重新进行了标定  相似文献   

浅水湖泊水体中不同颗粒悬浮物静沉降规律研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

向军  逄勇  李一平  魏海  王鹏  刘兴平 《水科学进展》2008,19(1):111-115

为了解浅水湖泊水体中颗粒悬浮物的静沉降规律,以太湖为例,采用重复深度吸管法计算了2005年4月、5月间在太湖进行的4次静沉降模拟实验中的沉降速度。结果表明:①在悬浮物沉降过程内,3种颗粒物的沉速关系为颗粒无机物(PIM)>悬浮物(SS)>颗粒有机物(POM)。在相同的沉降时间内,PIM的沉速为SS沉速的1.6~2.0倍,POM的沉速为SS沉速的0.3~0.7倍,PIM的沉速为POM沉速的2.5~5.5倍;②水体中悬浮物浓度与沉降时间均呈现出明显的指数衰减规律,悬浮物中无机物含量较高时这种规律更为明显;③悬浮物浓度较低时,太湖悬浮物的沉降速率与水体中的悬浮物浓度无明显的相关关系;而悬浮物浓度较高时,沉降速率随悬浮物浓度升高而增大。  相似文献   

木卫三的动力学参数     

张承志 《测绘学报》2000,29(Z1):48-52

木卫三是太阳系中最大的一颗天然卫星。当伽利略飞船于1996年6月和9月两次飞经木卫三时,定出了二阶带谐和扇谐Stokes系数J2和C22。本文利用最新的木卫三的物理参数,首先建立了一组内部结构模型,然后估算出木卫三的若干动力学参数,并与月球的相应值进行比较,结果表明这两个天然卫星最显著的不同是,木卫三满足静力学平衡条件,而月球偏离了静力学平衡条件。  相似文献   

泥沙颗粒沉降变加速运动研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴华林沈焕庭  李中伟 《海洋工程》2000,18(1):44-49

本文从泥沙沉降的力学机制出发,考虑泥沙与液体边界的粘性作用,建立了泥沙群体沉降的基本运动方程,通过求解得到了泥沙沉降瞬时速度的一般计算式。从理论上证明了一般泥沙静水沉降由零趋近终速过程时间极短的看法,同时发现对于尺度较大的固体颗粒(如抛石),其在沉降时趋近终速过程相对来说是相当长的过程。  相似文献   

桑沟湾夏、秋季悬浮颗粒物的沉降通量及再悬浮的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨茜  杨庶  宋娴丽  孙耀 《海洋学报》2014,36(12):85-90

应用锚式悬挂沉积物捕捉器法,研究了我国北方重要海水养殖区域桑沟湾悬浮颗粒物沉降通量的分布特征,并通过金属Al标记法,同步测定了沉降颗粒物再悬浮比率。结果表明,桑沟湾的底层悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒态总氮(PTN)和颗粒态总磷(PTP)平均表观沉降通量分别为1 511.4g/(m2·d)、20.01g/(m2·d)、1.497g/(m2·d)和0.474g/(m2·d),显著高于我国其他近岸海域,但底层沉降颗粒物再悬浮比率平均值高达92.8%,认为在养殖内湾,受再悬浮程度的影响,测得的底层表观沉降通量是中层的2.7倍,秋季明显大于夏季,海带和扇贝养殖区大于牡蛎养殖区。经再悬浮比率校正后的净沉降通量,仍存在着显著的空间和季节变化,但受控因素发生了根本转变;这主要表现为净沉降颗粒物质主要源于生物代谢活动强烈中上层水体,贝类的排泄作用使牡蛎和扇贝养殖区的净沉降通量显著大于海带养殖区,养殖贝类个体增大、排泄量增加使秋季净沉降通量高于夏季。在我国近岸海域,再悬浮作用的影响,会对该区域悬浮颗粒物沉降通量的估算带来巨大误差,因此该作用不容忽视。  相似文献   

GPS水汽反演技术在四川地区的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈澍  熊永良  张绪丰  黄丁发 《全球定位系统》2011,36(1):32-37

根据四川网络GPS站点附近的气压、温度计算了天顶静力学延迟量,经过综合分析,得到了最适于四川地区的天顶静力学延迟模型。建立了适于四川地区的加权平均温度计算公式,并说明了此公式的有效性。使用了全球气压和温度模型（GPT）代替实测气象数据进行水汽反演,将GPT可降水量与实测气象可降水量、探空数据可降水量以及实际降水量进行比较分析,得出了一些有益结论。  相似文献   

The effects of stress on reactions in the Earth: Sometimes rather mean,usually normal,always important          下载免费PDF全文

John Wheeler 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(4):439-461

Stress affects chemical processes on all scales in the Earth but the magnitude of its effect is debated. Here, I give a new synthesis of the theory that describes the effects of stress on chemistry, elaborating upon work in Materials Science which is built from fundamental thermodynamic laws, and show its significance in Earth Science. There are separate but compatible relationships describing what happens (1) at interfaces and (2) within grains. (1) The main chemical effects of stress in the Earth are due to variations in normal stress along grain interfaces and between interfaces with different orientations. For reactions involving diffusion these variations give effects on mineral stability broadly equivalent to pressure changes of (molar volume)/(molar volume change during reaction) × (stress variation). The volume ratio is generally large and so the effects of normal stress variations are always important since all stressed rocks have interfaces supporting different normal stresses. There is no global chemical equilibrium in a stressed system, so reaction kinetics contribute to ongoing evolution until stresses relax: this evolution can include deformation by diffusion creep and pressure solution, possibly with new mineral growth. These effects are relevant for predicting the conditions for reactions involving fluids, such as serpentinite formation and breakdown (relevant for the Earth's volatile cycles) and for other reactions such as ringwoodite breakdown (relevant for understanding the 660 km mantle discontinuity). (2) Within stressed solid solution grains it is not possible to define chemical potentials of all chemical components since one has to be specified as “immobile.” The chemical potential of a “mobile” component such as an exchange vector can be defined. It depends on the “partial molar strain,” a second rank tensor defining the variation in unit cell geometry with composition. In cubic crystals the partial molar strain is isotropic and the chemical potential of a mobile component depends on mean stress. In other crystal systems the partial molar strain is anisotropic and the chemical potential depends on a “weighted” mean stress; orientation as well as magnitude of stress has an influence. I propose “chemical palaeopiezometry”—the possibility of measuring past stress levels via chemistry. Examples show that stress variations in hundreds of MPa to GPa are required to produce 2% variations in composition but high stresses and/or precise chemical analyses will allow this proposal to be tested. High stresses around inclusions and dislocations could be targeted. So, the weighted mean stress inside grains has an effect which is relatively minor although potentially valuable in explaining chemical variations; the normal stress at interfaces plays the main role in chemical processes and its effects are of significant magnitude.  相似文献   

盐腔内回填碱渣沉降固结特性室内试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冀国栋  杨春和  徐玉龙 《岩土力学》2014,299(2):407-412

碱渣回填到充满卤水的废弃盐腔后,颗粒会自由沉降到盐腔底部形成沉积层,进而在自重作用下固结。为了解盐腔内回填碱渣的沉降固结特性,以江苏淮安地区碱渣为对象,进行了沉降柱试验和固结试验。试验结果表明:(1)碱渣在卤水中的沉降过程可以分为3个阶段:絮凝阶段、沉降阶段和固结阶段。初始浓度对碱渣的沉降曲线和沉降速率有很大的影响。(2)碱渣颗粒分布、密度、含水率和孔隙比均呈现出分层特性,颗粒粒径、密度随深度的增加而增大,含水率、孔隙比随深度的增大而减小。(3)碱渣具有很高的压缩性,压缩系数a1-2为3.36 MPa-1。在压力范围小于100 kPa下,固结系数随固结压力的增加而显著减小。试验结果对了解盐腔内回填碱渣的沉降固结特性提供了参考,有利于指导回填施工工艺和碱渣的后期处理。  相似文献