空间非均匀加热对副热带高压带形成和变异的影响Ⅰ:尺度分析   总被引：56，自引：16，他引：40  

吴国雄  刘屹岷  刘平 《气象学报》1999,57(3):257-263

利用全型垂直涡度倾向方程,讨论了空间非均匀非绝热加热（Ｑ）对副热带高压形态变异的影响。通过简单的空间尺度分析指出,Ｑ的垂直非均匀分布比其水平非均匀分布对副热带高压带断裂成闭合中心的影响更大。在时间尺度较长时,低空的β效应和高层的涡度平流对副热带高压形态的形成有重要作用。在它们影响下,低空副热带高压出现在表面感热加热西侧、深对流凝结加热东侧;而高空副热带高压出现在表面感热加热的东侧、深对流凝结加热的西侧  相似文献   

IMPACT OF THE HEATINC OVER SOUTH ASIA UPON THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH OVER WEST-PACIFIC     

李双林  纪立人 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1999,5(2):141-152

A case is reported, during which the Subtropical High over the Western Pacific(hereafter, SHWP in abbreviation)shifted northwestward and met-yu at Chaniiang River valley ended. Several numerical experiments on SHWP activity influenced by the heating over south Asia monsoon area are carried out, and the statistic significance of the results is checked. The results indicate that the enhancement of positive heating over South Asia will motivate a wave-like series of anomaly centers, which propagate northeastward from the maximum heating center.so that a strong positive potential height anomaly center will set up from North China to Japan at Day 3 result in the enhancement of SHWP. Comparison of the influence upon SHWP by the heating over south Asia monsoonarea with that over ITCZ area south to SHWP is also carried out. It is pointed out that the heating over South Asiamonsoon area tends to favor SHWP northward movement while the heating over ITCZ area tends to thvor SHWP westward stretching. As for the time to begin to influence on SHWP, the heating over south Asia monsoon areafavors the enhancement of SHWP atter Day 3 while that over ITCZ south to SHWP effects after Day 5.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT OF MEDIUM-RANGE CHANGE OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH Ⅱ. THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEATING SOURCE OVER WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC     

巩远发  纪立人 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1999,5(1):9-16

Numerical experiments are carried out using a global spectral model to study the role of an ideal heating source over the western tropical Pacific region in a medium-term weather process that marks the western advancement of the subtropical high in mid-June 1979. The result has indicated that the effect of the ideal heating source is evident in about 4 days after the inclusion in the high and the circulation at mid-and high-latitudes over the eastern part of China; the disturbance produced over the tropical ocean first transfers towards the northwest along the easterly flow on the southern edge of the subtropical high and then divides into two branches as it moves over the westerly over the mid-latitude area, one continuing the journey northwestward and the other turning to the northeast by east, resulting in changes in the subtropical high and the westerly through combined action.  相似文献   

东亚西风急流变化与热带对流加热关系的研究   总被引：38，自引：14，他引：24  

董敏  余建锐  高守亭 《大气科学》1999,23(1):62-70

应用OLR资料和高空格点资料,研究了东亚地区西风急流及其附近的纬向西风与热带地区对流加热场的关系。结果表明西风急流中心的季节变化是和热带加热场的季节变化紧密的联系在一起的。东亚地区的纬向西风强度的年变化与热带加热场的同期及前期状况也密切相关,这种关系可以作为预测我国江淮地区夏季梅雨的一个强信号。  相似文献   

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE OF SINGLE-GRAIN APATITE(U-Th)/He DATING AND ITS VALIDATION BY DURANGO APATITE STANDARD          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Ying  ZHENG De-wen  WU Ying  LI You-juan  WANG Yi-zhou 《地震地质》2017,39(6):1143-1157

(U-Th)/He isotopic dating has been developed very quickly in recent years, due to the recognition that the thermal history of rock at low temperature can be effective revealed by such dating method. In particular, He closure temperature in apatite (40~80℃) is very low, so apatite (U-Th)/He ages can reflect the thermal history information of the low-temperature stage, and have a good application prospect in the field of low-temperature thermal chronology. However, because of many influence factors and complicated measurement procedures, the development of apatite He dating in China remains in its early stage. In this study, a measurement procedure was established at the (U-Th)/He dating laboratory of Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration. We measured the daughter isotopic helium by diode laser heating four batches of a total seventy-five grains of Durango apatite in an Alphachron helium mass spectrometry system. Then the apatite grains were dissolved to precisely measure the concentration of parent nuclides (U, Th)using the solution isotope dilution method through an automatic sampling ICP-MS (Agilent 7900). Results show that the Th/U values of Durango apatite grains were in the range of 17.23 to 23.60, while all the 75ages were in the range of 28.61 to 34.51Ma with an average of (31.71±1.55)Ma (1σ), which are consistent with the international calibrated ages.  相似文献   

Burris型重力仪性能分析     

赵云峰  祝意青  梁伟锋  刘芳  徐云马 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(2):178-185

对Burris型相对重力仪长时间断电后再次供电,分析Burris型重力仪升温过程,并使用2台Burris型重力仪（B95和B101） 2014年7月至2016年12月的实测数据,分析仪器性能。结果表明：① Burris型相对重力仪长时间断电并再次供电后,加热125 min达到恒温点,在升温过程中,读数先大幅减小后小幅增大,绝对变化率逐渐减小,通电110 h后零漂小于3×10^-8 m/（s²·h）,达地震重力观测仪器进网要求;② Burris型重力仪静态零漂存在由负变正的过程,不同仪器所需时间不同;③随着仪器使用年限加长,Burris型重力仪稳定性变差。忽略重力仪突跳读数,可获取测量精度在10×10^-8 m/s²左右的流动重力数据;④ Burris型重力仪混合零漂和静态零漂变化基本一致,呈逐渐增大趋势,但存在差别。  相似文献   

摩擦生热对断层演化过程的影响:Ruina-和Chester-Higgs-模型的对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

高雅琪  史保平 《地球物理学报》2020,63(6):2297-2310

利用速率-状态摩擦定律(Rate-and State-Dependent Friction Law:简称RSF定律),结合McKenzie-Brune摩擦生热模型,本文分别从Ruina提出的RSF定律和Chester-Higgs提出的RSF定律出发,通过一维弹簧-滑块模型,采用四阶变步长的Dormand-Prince算法,对断层演化过程进行了数值模拟,探讨了摩擦生热对断层演化进程的影响.模拟结果显示,与Ruina-模型相比,Chester-Higgs-模型在断层高速滑动时存有更大的摩擦强度,表明摩擦生热对断层具有一定的强化作用,且同临界滑移距离的取值相关.而且,Chester-Higgs-模型在失稳时的断层面温度远远低于Ruina-模型,表明摩擦生热在断层演化过程中能抑制断层面温度的剧烈升高,且正应力和临界滑移距离越大,两种模型的温差越为明显,而断层的刚度和尺度则对温度的影响很小.模拟两种模型周期演化过程的结果表明,在相同的初始条件下,Chester-Higgs-模型给出的断层失稳周期明显比Ruina-模型更短,说明摩擦生热对断层自身演化最显著的影响是较大地缩短了地震重复发生周期.当断层进入周期性演化后,Chester-Higgs-模型给出的摩擦强度大于Ruina-模型,且对第一次非周期性失稳的摩擦强度和剩余应力的继承性更好.另外,由ChesterHiggs-模型给出的静态应力降远小于Ruina-模型给出的结果,所对应的单个事件的滑移量也小于Ruina-模型.  相似文献   

断裂带同震温度负异常机制分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨小秋  林為人  葉恩肇  许鹤华  徐子英 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1422-1430

断裂带同震温度响应,可在震后钻孔测温中获得并识别,为发震断层摩擦特性与发震机制等基础研究提供了非常独特的思路和有效手段.集集、汶川及日本东北大地震后,实施了台湾车笼埔断层钻探项目(TCDP)、汶川地震断裂带科学钻探工程(WFSD)和日本海沟快速钻探计划(JFAST).钻孔测温结果表明:滑移面上下5~20m范围内存在温度正异常,这是同震摩擦生热所致,该机制已被广泛认识和接受;同时,距滑移面20~60m范围内也存在明显的温度负异常,但其成因机制几乎还未被真正关注和认识.虽然温度负异常峰值只有正异常峰值的1/4~1/3,但温度负异常分布范围却是正异常分布范围的3~4倍,即正、负温度异常区对应的总能量基本相当.因此,断裂带震后钻孔测温中的负异常及其成因不容忽视.在详细分析几种可能的同震温度负异常机制后(如岩层热物性分布差异、流体运移、表面自由能增大及同震应力释放),发现能在理论、实验及野外观测上都得到支撑的普适性机制只有同震应力释放.这可能是断裂带震后温度负异常的主要原因.  相似文献   

Some ideas concerning the problem of anomalous polar E region heating due to Farley-Buneman turbulence     

V. A. Liperovsky  A. V. Kustov  C.-V. Meister 《Astronomische Nachrichten》1996,317(5):353-366

The energetics of the excitation of the Farley-Buneman instability is considered, which is recently observed in the auroral and equatorial E regions of the Earth's ionosphere at altitudes between 100 km and 120 km. In the magnetic field of the Earth the Farley-Buneman instability is excited under the condition of a strong enough external electric field in the case of ion-neutral collisions with frequencies much larger than the ion gyrofrequency and electron-neutral collisions with frequencies much below the electron gyrofrequency. It is shown that the linear increase of the wave amplitudes is caused by a small disbalance between the processes of nonlinear energy pumping into the wave from an external electric field and the energy loss because of the collisions of the electrons and ions with the neutral particles. During the nonlinear energy pumping energy of the external electric field is transferred into a nonlinear current of second order, which is connected with the oscillating motion of the electrons in the wave. The oscillating electron motion takes place perpendicular to wave propagation. From the estimations follows that the energy pumped into a Farley-Buneman wave during one period of pulsation is much larger than the wave energy itself. A new and simply to understand derivation of the anomalous diffusion coefficient is presented, related to the study of the behaviour of a test wave with frequency much above the frequencies of the Farley-Buneman turbulence in developed stage can cause an additional macroscopic nonlinear Pedersen current directed along the external electric field. It is found that the nonlinear Pedersen current can reach the order of the usual Pedersen current and should contribute to the effective heating of the ionospheric plasma.  相似文献   

初始外围尺度与加热对台风次眼墙形成的影响北大核心          下载免费PDF全文

林超然  谈哲敏 《气象科学》2022,42(4):427-439

台风次眼墙位于主眼墙外侧,由次对流环和低层切向风次极大值两个基本结构组成。本文通过一系列理想数值试验讨论了不同初始涡旋外围风场结构对次眼墙形成的影响作用以及关键动力学过程。结果表明,次眼墙形成的时间和位置与初始涡旋外围尺度显著相关:随着外围尺度递减,台风从形成完整双眼墙、伪双眼墙到没有双眼墙逐步过渡,次眼墙形成时间推迟且位置更加靠近台风中心。动力学分析发现,初始外围尺度可控制外雨带分布,雨带的非绝热加热主导了主眼墙外围边界层径向入流和绝对涡度径向输送的分布和大小。绝对涡度径向输送和摩擦耗散的相对大小及位置决定了次眼墙低层切向风次极大值出现的可能性和位置。动量强迫对低层切向风次极大值的大小仍有贡献。  相似文献