中国西北沙尘源区与日本沉降区大气气溶胶粒子理化特征及对比   总被引：7，自引：10，他引：7  

刘明哲  魏文寿  周宏飞  Sadayo Yabuki 《中国沙漠》2003,23(4):408-414

无论有无沙尘暴,低层大气气溶胶粒子浓度几乎不随高度变化。在沙尘源区,大气气溶胶粒子主要来源于地面沙尘,沙尘暴发生时气溶胶粒子的浓度大增,浓度峰值向粗粒径范围移动;在沙尘沉降区日本,当浮尘期时气溶胶粒子有地面沙尘和工业排放物两个来源,形成双峰型分布,当非浮尘期时气溶胶粒子主要是工业排放物来源,在<2.1μm细粒径范围形成一个峰值。水溶性成分也不相同,沙尘源区粒子以Ca2+、SO2-4、Na+、Cl-等沙尘来源离子为主,在3 3～4 7μm形成浓度峰值;沙尘沉降区以NH+4、NO-3等工业来源离子为主,在<2 1μm形成峰4、SO2-值。沙尘源区气溶胶粒子水不溶相都表现出K、Na元素亏损的特征,说明其气溶胶粒子是上部陆壳经过K、Na大陆化学风化的产物。  相似文献   

线阵探测器(LDA)的现状及发展趋势   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

J·柯斯克能  蔺春涛  高冬 《CT理论与应用研究》2002,11(3):12-15

本文概述了当前的线阵探测器(LDA)技术及未来发展，同时详细说明了LDA的重要性能特征，并对不同应用下不同的阵列设计进行了讨论。目前芬兰探测技术公司已将该项技术成功应用于大型集装箱检测系统，工业CT，医用CT，L型双能探测器等工业医学应用中．  相似文献   

苏州市供水管网信息系统的开发及其关键技术     

吴信才  邢廷炎 《测绘学院学报》2002,19(2):137-139,146

从开发的角度阐述了苏州市供水管网信息系统的设计原则，设计特点和开发手段，并着重介绍了系统的组织结构，功能及其关键技术。  相似文献   

Study on the sensitivity of the vertical cooling (heat sink) on the displacements of the mid-tropospheric ridge using a linear model     

A. Chandrasekar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(4):437-451

A linear model of the response of a stratified atmosphere to isolated heat sources in spherical coordinates is used to study the maintenance of the mean position of the mid tropospheric ridge and its displacement. It is well known that the performance of the southwest Indian monsoon is related to the latitudinal position of the April 500 hPa ridge along 75‡E. It was demonstrated that an anomalous cooling associated with the increased snow cover in Eurasia can result in moderate southward displacement of the mid-tropospheric ridge. The results of this study indicate that the vertically integrated cooling rate (strength of heat sink) has more effect on the southward displacement of the ridge when the sink is closer to the ridge.  相似文献   

胶东招莱地区大—超大型金矿床形成的几个关键因素     

罗镇宽  关康  余和勇  李永明 《地质找矿论丛》2003,18(2):95-102,142

胶东招莱地区之所以能集中丰富的金矿资源是以下关键地质因素偶合的结果：①成矿地质背景是处在新太古代花岗—绿岩地体和后碰撞弧的构造环境下；②控矿断裂经历了多次韧-脆、剪切—拉张的复杂变形过程，形成了宽大的构造岩带，有利于赋存大规模矿体；③控矿断裂是复合-叠加在花岗岩的侵入接触带上，有利于矿液的活动；④根据硫、铅同位素特征及产出地质背景，推断成矿物质主要来自以新太古代绿岩为主的结晶基底；⑤根据氢氧同位素特征，成矿流体为大气水和岩浆水的混合流体，有利于搬运大量成矿物质；⑥矿床与岩脉(特别是煌斑岩脉)有密切的时间和空间关系，表明矿区是构造和岩浆活动的中心，有利于金矿床的形成；⑦成矿时代为燕山晚期。  相似文献   

AGAGE Observations of Methyl Bromide and Methyl Chloride at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Grim, Tasmania, 1998–2001     

P. G. Simmonds  R. G. Derwent  A. J. Manning  P. J. Fraser  P. B. Krummel  S. O'Doherty  R. G. Prinn  D. M. Cunnold  B. R. Miller  H. J. Wang  D. B. Ryall  L. W. Porter  R. F. Weiss  P. K. Salameh 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,47(3):243-269

In situ AGAGE GC-MS measurements of methyl bromide (CH₃Br) and methyl chloride (CH₃Cl) at Mace Head, Ireland and Cape Grim, Tasmania (1998–2001) reveal a complex pattern of sources. At Mace Head both gases have well-defined seasonal cycles with similar average annual decreases of 3.0% yr⁻¹ (CH₃Br) and 2.6% yr⁻¹ (CH₃Cl), and mean northern hemisphere baseline mole fractions of 10.37 ± 0.05 ppt and 535.7 ± 2.2 ppt, respectively. We have used a Lagrangian dispersion model and local meteorological data to segregate the Mace Head observations into different source regions, and interpret the results in terms of the known sources and sinks of these two key halocarbons. At Cape Grim CH₃Br and CH₃Cl also show annual decreases in their baseline mixing ratios of 2.5% yr⁻¹ and 1.5% yr⁻¹, respectively. Mean baseline mole fractions were 7.94 ± 0.03 ppt (CH₃Br) and 541.3 ± 1.1 ppt (CH₃Cl). Although CH₃Cl has astrong seasonal cycle there is no well-defined seasonal cycle in the Cape Grim CH₃Br record. The fact that both gases are steadily decreasing in the atmosphere at both locations implies that a change has occurred which is affecting a common, major source of both gases (possibly biomass burning) and/or their major sink process (destruction by hydroxyl radical).  相似文献   

山地灾害治理中生物工程存在的问题   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王道杰  陈吕容  周麟  崔鹏  朱波 《山地学报》2004,22(4):461-466

生物工程在山地灾害治理中具有悠久的历史和重要的作用,然而由于多种原因,其理论研究和应用技术却远落后于工程实践。根据生物工程的原理及其特点,对其在山地灾害治理中的应用和研究现状进行了剖析,存在的主要问题为:生物工程在山地灾害治理中的应用范围不确定,工程设计和效益评估的标准不完善,植物根系研究的手段和设备有待改进,植物根系的"定向培育"开展的研究工作很少,植物枯枝落叶层的防灾、减灾作用研究不全面等。提出了生物工程在山地灾害治理中的主要研究方向,以期为完善和发展生物工程在山地灾害治理中的理论研究和应用技术服务。  相似文献   

岩石边坡生态护坡特点及其关键技术问题探讨   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

赵华  黄润秋 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(1):87-90

岩石边坡 ,尤其是坡角较大的岩石边坡 ,由于其本身地形及结构条件的限制 ,开展生态恢复与重建工作具有很大的难度。根据岩石边坡的特点 ,结合目前这类工程所存在的问题 ,对有关的关键技术问题进行了分析探讨 ,包括与生态恢复相关的坡型设计、基层结构的形成、辅助材料的运用等 ,提出了生态护坡今后应该重点研究的方向。  相似文献   

基于空间分析的机井管理系统总体设计及其关键技术探讨     

赵祥  张晔  刘素红 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(1):101-104

在GIS空间分析技术支持下 ,对机井管理系统从总体设计、系统功能结构、数据库建库方法、系统实现等多方面进行了阐述 ,并探讨了系统开发的关键技术和主要的程序编码 ,在机井管理信息化方面进行了有益的尝试 ,为建立类似系统提供了一个应用范例。  相似文献   

A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998 Part Ⅱ: Effect of Mesoscale Convective Systems on Large-Scale Fields          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Yanju DING Yihui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2005,19(3):289-301

The apparent heat sources and apparent moisture sinks, and large-scale wind, temperature as well as the surface pressure fields during the summer monsoon onset over the northern South China Sea (SCS) in 1998 were diagnosed. The results suggested that there was a kind of positive feedback mechanism between large-scale circulations and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Before the monsoon onset, the largescale background provided favorable synoptic and dynamic conditions for the summer monsoon onset and the formation of mesoscale convective activities, whereas after the summer monsoon onset, occurrence of the persistent and extensive mesoscale convective activities produced obvious feedback effect on large-scale circulations. Because of the release of latent heating produced by enhanced convective activities, the intense atmospheric heating appeared over the northern SCS, which resulted in: (1) the meridional temperature gradient over the SCS reversed from upper-level to low-level and then the large-scale circulations were changed seasonally;(2) correspondingly, the surface pressure over the northern SCS deepened continually and formed a broad monsoon trough and the obvious pressure-fall areas, thus making the subtropical high move out of the SCS eventually;(3) with the development of the low pressure circulations in the middle and low troposphere, the MCSs further enhanced and extended southward, which was conducive to the SCS monsoon onset and maintenance over the middle and southern SCS;and (4) the deepening of monsoon trough facilitated the monsoon flow and moisture transport on its southern side, thus the monsoon onset reaching peak period.  相似文献