孤立中强地震的潜在震源区划分     

胡银磊  张裕明 《中国地震》1997,13(3):207-212

提出了孤立中强地震的潜在震源区划分其参数确定的思路和方法，即在综合考虑孤立中强地震所在地震区的总体地震构造特征与地震活动水平的基础上，利用历史地震等震线，余震分布，区域应力场及震源机制等资料，确定其潜在震源区的参数。  相似文献   

城市,海洋及海岸带建设中的重大工程地质问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘玉海 《水文地质工程地质》1997,24(2):39-42

本文对城市，海洋及海岸带建设的重大工程地质问题的研究进行了分析，总结，内容涉及及建筑场地岩土体工程地质问题，人工地基与深基基础工程地质问题，城市地质环境及工程地质问题，海洋及海岸带工程地质问题等。  相似文献   

油田开发区水体的非点源石油污染试验研究——以胜利油田为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

熊运实 《地理研究》1993,12(4):23-31

本文通过对胜州油田开发区内水体非点污染源的土壤水文类型进行了划分,估算了各非点污染源的油类侵蚀量及其对石油入海通量的贡献。进行了以小流域为单元的非点污染源油类侵蚀的计算,确立了4个重点发生区,提出控制与管理必须以小流域为单元的流域综合治理。  相似文献   

甘肃省春末夏初干旱与亚欧前期环流的关系     

杨善恭 《高原气象》1990,9(4):443-446

春末夏初少雨是青藏高原东侧天气气候的一种重要现象。它对高原东侧广大地区的农业影响很大。此时正值春麦拔节到乳熟的需水关键期,因此降水的多少决定着产量的高低。根据文献[1]的分析,甘肃中部5—6月的降水量与定西地区夏田单产的相关系数为0.478,信度为0.05。我们曾计算过古浪县5—6月降水量与春小麦产量之间的相关系数为0.668,信度高达0.001。这些说明产量在很大程度上取决于降水的多少,因此春末夏初降水的预报,一向是我省广大台站的重要课题。本文介绍了我们近年业务预报方法的建立和应用。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河源气候特性与冰川融水径流     

杨新元  韩添丁 《冰川冻土》1994,16(2):147-155

乌鲁木齐河源冰川径流采用实测的１号冰川物质平衡、降水等为基本资料进行估算：冰川强烈消融期在７月中旬－８月旬，冰川多年平均径流深度为４４２ｍｍ。相当于冰川每年减薄１３５ｍｍ。用“替代冰川”估算出山口以上冰川总径流量为１．８７×１０＾７ｍ＾３，占英雄总径流的８％。  相似文献   

南海市经济发展与大气环境变化     

谢善驹 《热带地理》1994,14(3):199-203

本文分析了南海市大气污染源特征及大气环境质量变化，探讨了南海市经济发展对大气环境的影响，在此基础上提出对大气环境保护的对策。  相似文献   

Measurement of biogenic sulfur emissions from soils and vegetation using dynamic enclosure methods: Total sulfur gas emissions via MFC/FD/FPD determinations     

D. L. MacTaggart  D. F. Adams  S. O. Farwell 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1987,5(4):417-437

Metal foil collection/flash desorption/flame photometric detection (MFC/FD/FPD) was one of the analytical methods used to measure emissions of gaseous, sulfur-containing compounds from several terrestrial natural sources during a cooperative field program in the summer of 1985. Nonspeciated, total sulfur gas emissions were determined by using the MFC/FD/FPD technique in combination with a Nafion Perma-Pure drying device to sample air from three designs of dynamic enclosure chambers. These enclosures were placed over various soil orders and vegetation in the vicinity of field sites in Iowa and Ohio previously examined during the 1977–80 SURE study of biogenic sulfur fluxes. Because of the sensitivity and detection characteristics of the MFC/FD/FPD technique, it was possible to obtain measurements on enclosure air samples that were collected for relatively short time periods,. e.g., 1 to 5 min. The magnitudes of these time-resolved, total sulfur gas emissions are correlated exponentially with internal enclosure air temperatures. Potential errors and uncertainties associated with this application of the MFC/FD/FPD methodology are assessed.The total sulfur gas flux values obtained from this study and the SURE program are compared. Unquantified sources of error in the current two parameter extrapolation model used to calculate regional and global terrestrial source strengths of biogenic sulfur emissions are also summarized and are shown to prevent a reliable estimate of overall uncertainty limits in the resultant inventory.  相似文献   

Determination of selected atmospheric aromatic hydrocarbons at remote continental and oceanic locations using photoionization/flame-ionization detection     

W. Nutmagul  D. R. Cronn 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1985,2(4):415-433

A new gas chromatographic technique with a modified photoionization detector connected in series with a conventional flame ionization detector was used to determine low concentrations of atmospheric hydrocarbons in remote atmospheres. Average mixing ratios of five aromatic hydrocarbons measured between 42°N and 30°S latitude in the Pacific Ocean in October/November 1983 were highest in the Northern Hemisphere. The average mixing ratios in the northern and southern marine atmospheres were 49±25 ppt (n=35) and 10±2 ppt (n=21) for benzene, 20±12 ppt (n=32) and 5.6±1.6 ppt (n=12) for toluene, 7.6±3.7 ppt (n=35) and 3.7±1.6 ppt (n=21) for ethylbenzene, 25±12 ppt (n=35) and 13±5 ppt (n=20) for the sum of m- and p-xylenes, and 14±6 ppt (n=35) and 6.6±3.0 ppt (n=21) for o-xylene, respectively. The first latitudinal gradients for these five aromatic compounds are reported. Benzene and toluene mixing ratios measured between July 1982 and October 1983 at a rural, mid-latitude continental site in eastern Washington state gave average values of 226±108 ppt and 133±84 ppt, respectively, with higher wintertime than summertime benzene levels. These continental samples gave calculated air mass ages averaging six days based on benzene-to-toluene ratios.  相似文献   

The potential use of pollen in the identification of suspended sediment sources     

A. G. Brown 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(1):27-32

Pollen and spores form a significant part of the suspended organic load of a New Forest stream. Flood concentrations reach 230 grains ml^?1 while baseflow carries under one grain ml^?1. Hydrographs from different seasons show differing hysteretic loops for pollen and spore concentrations against discharge and suspended sediment. These variations reflect not only factors of production, but the type and distance of the contributing sources. This investigation suggests that variations in flood pollen and spore concentrations may be used to trace such suspended sediment sources as: eroding bedrock, channel banks, or hillslopes under specific vegetation covers.  相似文献   

Water-Soluble dicarboxylic acids, ketoacids and dicarbonyls in the atmospheric aerosols over the southern ocean and western pacific ocean   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Haobo Wang  Kimitaka Kawamura  Koji Yamazaki 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2006,53(1):43-61

Water-soluble dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), ketoacids, and α-dicarbonyls in the marine aerosol samples collected over the Southern Ocean and western Pacific Ocean were determined. Oxalic acid was the most abundant species, followed by malonic acid and then succinic acid. It is suggested that aerosol concentrations of the organics over the Southern Ocean in this work represent their global background levels. Over the Southern Ocean, total concentrations of DCAs ranged from 2.9 to 7.2 ng m⁻³ (average: 4.5 ng m⁻³), ketoacids from 0.14 to 0.40 ng m⁻³ (av.: 0.28 ng m⁻³), and dicarbonyls from 0.06 to 0.29 ng m⁻³ (av.: 0.11 ng m⁻³). Over the western Pacific, total concentrations of DCAs ranged from 1.7 to 170 ng m⁻³ (av.: 60 ng m⁻³), ketoacids from 0.08 to 5.3 ng m⁻³ (av.: 1.8 ng m⁻³), and dicarbonyls from 0.03 to 4.6 ng m⁻³ (av.: 0.95 ng m⁻³). DCAs over the western Pacific have constituted a large fraction of organic aerosols with a mean DCAs-C/TC (total carbon) of 7.0% (range: 0.59–14%). Such a high value was in contrast to the low DCAs-C/TC (av.: 1.8%; range: 0.89–4.0%) for the Southern Ocean aerosols. Based on the relative abundances and latitudinal distributions of these organics, we propose that long-range atmospheric transport is more important over the western Pacific Ocean, in contrast, in situ photochemical production is more significant over the Southern Ocean although absolute concentrations of the organics are much lower.  相似文献