云南腾冲青海湖泊沉积物物化参数的特点、环境意义及末次冰消期以来气候环境变化     

刘亚生  常凤琴  张虎才  牛洁  段立曾  李华勇  文新宇  吴汉 《第四纪研究》2015,35(4)

根据对云南腾冲青海湖泊沉积钻孔样品的粒度特征、总有机碳、碳酸盐、磁化率及年代学分析测试,探讨了各指标的变化特点及其环境指示意义,指出了云南高原湖泊沉积物化指标的特殊性及其变化特点.在此基础上,重建了云南腾冲地区末次冰消期(15830a B.P.)以来沉积环境与气候干湿变化历史.通过青海沉积物年代序列的重建和综合各物化参数分析得出,云南腾冲地区自15830a B.P.以来总体呈现冷湿-温湿-暖干-温和偏干的气候演变过程,并可分为4个阶段,即15830～12790a B.P.气候温凉偏湿;12790～4680a B.P.为温暖湿润期,湖泊水位高,气候湿暖,降水多;4680～312a B.P.气候特征呈现出从温湿到暖干气候逐渐演化,降水减少,湖泊水位下降;312a B.P.以来气候特征为前期温和湿润,后期具有暖干化特征,反映了近几十年来全球气候变暖导致的气候变化趋势并叠加了研究区人类活动对区域环境的影响.  相似文献   

合肥市水资源供需平衡研究     

周迪  朱梅  王振龙  许良元 《地下水》2015,(4)

针对合肥市水资源现状,分析合肥市水资源特点。结合节水型社会建设的要求,采用相应的定额,预测分析了各行业需水量和供水量,对合肥市2015和2020年的水资源供需平衡进行了二次分析。结果表明:在一次平衡方案下,到2015年,合肥市仅在95%特枯年份下缺水,缺水度为19.16%,水资源基本能满足社会经济的发展。至2020年,合肥市在不同保证率年份下均有缺水,其中,50%频率平水年份的缺水度为3.1%,75%枯水年份的缺水度为4.34%,95%特枯年份缺水度为13.09%,表明未来合肥市水资源紧缺将会成为制约社会经济发展的"瓶颈"。在二次平衡方案下,合肥市仅在2015年和2020年95%特枯年份下有少量缺水,缺水度分别为7.6%和10.21%。最后提出相应的建议,为保证合肥市经济社会、可持续地发展提供科学的依据。  相似文献   

地理信息成果在资源承载力评价中的应用研究     

宋昊  孙丽梅  刘丹 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12):80-81

利用地理信息数据,结合人口与经济统计数据,选择相应的计算模型,提取、统计生产性土地资源面积,计算区域相对资源承载力,探讨基础地理信息数据在资源承载力评价方面的应用。  相似文献   

ComGIS在阿克苏地区矿产资源数据库管理系统建设中的应用     

席科  尚晓鹏  秦先锋 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12)

采用ComGIS技术,SuperMap二次开发平台,利用可视化开发工具C#与SuperMap Object提供的控件、工具、对象库相结合的具体开发模式,设计开发了阿克苏地区矿产资源数据库管理系统。并利用GIS实现了矿产资源数据库基础数据的建设。  相似文献   

Emerging customs: Small-scale fishing practices in Aceh,Indonesia     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Off the western coast of Sumatra among the islands of Pulau Banyak, fishing is the primary occupation for the men of Haloban. They are self-described “traditional” fishers, using low-tech gear and small boats to catch fish, octopus, lobster, and other sealife in the nearby coral reefs and mangroves. Women also regularly venture out into the deep mud of the mangroves to collect clams. Their efforts to extract livelihoods and subsistence from the reefs take place in an open-access commons with few formal institutions or enforcement mechanisms to regulate resource use. While explicit regulations and customary limitations on fishing in the coral reef commons are lacking, Haloban fishers improvise some common etiquette and practices that are adaptable to the shifting context.This case study presents Haloban fishers' use of the commons as situated practices, unarticulated and embedded within a complex social–ecological system. These practices reflect fishers' understanding of, and relationship with, their environment, and may represent a nascent form of local “rules-in-use”, informing behavior without direct social mechanisms for enforcement. This paper presents research collected using ethnographic methods, including participant observation at sea. As NGOs and government agencies work to craft management plans that share use of the reefs with tourism and conservation, a better understanding of actual resource use and fishing practice may inform more nuanced, adaptable, and truly “local” community-based management.  相似文献   

Demographic and Economic Changes in Remote Australia     

Bernice Kotey 《The Australian geographer》2015,46(2):183-201

Varied distribution of resources, populations and Indigenous people result in significant socio-economic differences among statistical local areas (SLAs) in remote Australia. These differences indicate that the experience of change at the height of the resources boom will differ among SLAs in the region. Using hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward's minimum variance method, four socio-economic clusters were identified among the 197 SLAs in the region. The first was the most disadvantaged, with limited resources and human capital and the highest percentage of Indigenous people. The other three clusters improved in sequence, with the fourth having the most resources with the highest employment rate and income but least number of Indigenous people. Multivariate analysis of variance with main and interaction effects showed changes in demographics, industry structure, human capital and income over the period of investigation for the region as a whole and differences in the extent of these changes among the clusters. Policy interventions in the region are suggested for each group to match its specific needs.  相似文献   

Evolution and Morphodynamics of a Prograded Beach‐Ridge Foreland,Northern Baffin Island,Canadian Arctic Archipelago          下载免费PDF全文

Dominique St‐Hilaire‐Gravel  Donald L. Forbes  Trevor Bell 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(3):615-631

Landward retreat (marine transgression) is a common response of coastal systems to rising relative sea level. However, given sufficient sediment supply, the coast may advance seaward. The latter response of gravel barriers has been recorded in parts of southeastern and northwestern Canada, where seaward‐rising sets of beach ridges are observed in areas of Holocene RSL rise. Cape Charles Yorke, northern Baffin Island, is a 5 km long gravel foreland characterized by seaward‐rising beach‐ridge crest elevations. The prograded morphology of the Cape Charles Yorke foreland is a prime example of coastal response to a combination of rising RSL and abundant sediment supply, an unusual and little‐documented pattern in the Canadian Arctic. The main gravel supply to Cape Charles Yorke is likely from eroding bedrock and raised marine deposits southwest of the foreland. Although not the dominant sediment source, the Cape Charles Yorke delta contributed to the formation of the foreland by sheltering it from easterly storm waves and providing an anchor point for the prograding ridges. The truncation of relict ridges by the modern shoreline suggests a recent regime shift from continuous deposition to predominant erosion. The cause and timing of this shift are unknown but could result from a recent dwindling in sediment supply, increased accommodation space, increased wave energy, and/or an accelerated rise of relative sea level.  相似文献   

区域煤炭资源流动及其宏观经济效应初探——以内蒙古为例     

王宜强  赵媛 《干旱区地理》2015,38(1):163-172

从流量、流向以及流动通道三方面,探讨了内蒙古煤炭资源流动平衡现状,采用向量自回归模型解析了内蒙古煤炭资源流动与其宏观经济发展的相互作用关系,结果表明:(1)内蒙古已成长为中国最大的能源输出基地,煤炭交流活动主要集中在其周边地区,尤以华北和东北地区为主。(2)内蒙古铁路煤炭运能不足,缺乏独立、完善的运输网络。(3)内蒙古煤炭资源流动与区内经济发展水平的提高、重工业的发展、第三产业发展以及税收增长均存在着长期稳定的均衡关系,且对区内重工业发展和税收增长具有明显的单向推动作用,但对区内人均GDP和第三产业发展的促进作用相对比较微弱。(4)建立独立、完善的煤炭运输网络;重视发展煤炭运输及其相关服务业;转变能源输出战略,提高输出资源附加值,带动区内煤炭工业以及整体经济发展水平提高的政策建议。  相似文献   

博斯腾湖滨柽柳(Tamarix ramosissina)生长对湖水位的敏感性     

侯佳文  海米提·依米提  叶茂 《中国沙漠》2015,35(3)

基于博斯腾湖1955—2012年湖水位变化资料,利用树木年轮法分析了博斯腾湖年和月水位变化与湖滨柽柳(Tamarix ramosissina)年轮生长关系,利用敏感度指数得出博斯腾湖滨柽柳年轮生长的敏感水位范围。结果表明:(1)1955—2012年博斯腾湖年平均水位经历了3个明显变化阶段,即1955—1987年下降至最低,1987—2002年上升至最高。受向下游生态输水影响,2002—2012年博斯腾湖水位快速下降。输水对博斯腾湖月平均水位和季节性水位变化有影响。(2)博斯腾湖滨柽柳年轮指数与当年的湖水位变化和前1年的湖水位变化均显著相关(p0.05)。柽柳年轮指数与前1年10月至当年4月各个月份的湖水位表现出显著相关(p0.05)。柽柳年轮指数与前1年冬季湖水位相关显著(p0.05),与当年春季3—4月月平均湖水位相关性显著,与当年夏季和秋季湖水位的相关性不显著。(3)博斯腾湖滨柽柳年轮生长对月湖水位变化响应比较敏感。当湖水位在1045.3m时,柽柳年轮指数灵敏度指数(Sk)存在最低值;当湖水位在1 046.3m时,Sk出现最高值。  相似文献   

Modeling demand/supply of water resources in the arid region of northwestern China during the late 1980s to 2010     

LIU Xingran  SHEN Yanjun  GUO Ying  LI Shuo  GUO Bin 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(5)

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