杞麓湖形态时空变化分析及地图可视化     

马晨燕  颜湘槟 《测绘地理信息》2022,47(1):86-90

杞麓湖是滇中高原湖泊的典型代表之一,近年来湖泊形态变化频繁且明显。基于2010—2021年的Landsat卫星影像,提取杞麓湖湖泊面积、湖岸线长度以及湖泊质心等数据,并计算出其他湖泊形态特征指标的数值。结合各年湖岸线的具体形态,对所获取数据的变化趋势及其原因进行分析,得出湖泊形态在时间与空间两个维度上的变化特征。根据专题地图制图的理论与规范,运用“形”“数”结合的方法对研究内容进行可视化表达,绘制杞麓湖湖泊形态的专题地图。  相似文献   

渤海西岸全新世气候演化与海陆变迁     

李凤林  阎玉忠  商志文 《江苏地质》2014,38(2):173-186

应用第四纪地质学和海相生物等化石数量统计,以天津马棚口海岸带BQ1孔化石鉴定与统计结果,对古气候、古事件进行对比研究。通过岩芯编录,在岩性层中划分出4个海相层、5个过渡层、9个海面波动。结合研究区广泛分布的贝壳堤和牡蛎礁,利用其大量的测年资料,重现了6道海岸线;根据海相化石个体统计数,画出全新世气候演化曲线,与孢粉和物候所画的古气候演化曲线大体一致。研究历代海陆变迁,必然涉及到历史上长期争论不休的西汉大海侵等问题,谭其骧（1965）圈定的大海侵范围、海岸线分布以及考古结果几乎都能联系在一起,因此,大海侵之谜终于尘埃落定。考古界对河北平原自东汉—金的空白也有了初步答案,同时,发现中国朝代兴衰与气候冷暖有明显的对应,从而建立了气候分期。  相似文献   

中坝隧道地下分水岭演化的数值模拟分析     

廖晓超  许模  蒋莉  赵瑞  苟敬 《地下水》2014,(1):48-49,52

由于铁路隧道的施工,地下水进入隧道,形成了新的排泄基准面,对区域地下水环境产生较大影响,故对该类问题进行深入研究具有重要的工程实践意义。以中坝岩溶隧道为例,采用Visual modflow对中坝隧道进行三维数值模拟,模拟中坝隧道开挖建设后,地下分水岭的演化过程,以此来探讨分析其对地下水环境的影响。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中隆起及北围斜区断裂体系与油气成藏关系     

云金表  周波 《世界地质》2014,33(1):137-144

笔者探讨了断裂在油气聚集中的作用,它是制约塔中隆起及北围斜区油气分布规律的关键因素。基于地震资料断裂解析,塔中隆起及北围斜区断裂体系主要由北西—南东延伸的压扭性断裂带与北东—南西延伸的走滑断裂构成。断裂体系主要形成于中晚加里东中期,此后经历了晚加里东、晚海西和喜山期的继承性活动与改造。中加里东中期构造是该区构造的主要定型期,断裂不仅控制了构造带发育,也是风化壳岩溶储层、礁滩相储层、热液溶蚀碳酸盐岩储层形成关键因素。断裂带后期活动为油气运聚提供了通道,北北东断裂是油气由北部坳陷向隆起长距离运聚的主要通道。断裂带的复杂性造就了研究区油气具有沿断裂带分布,成藏模式多样,差异富集特征。  相似文献   

新疆赛里木湖的湖滩岩特征、时代及其对 MIS3阶段湖面变化的指示意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐胜利  吴中海  李跃华  赵希涛  张克旗  马志邦  马丹  田婷婷 《地质力学学报》2014,20(2):174-184

在对西天山赛里木湖盆地进行第四纪地质调查与5万填图基础上,发现沿该湖泊的不同湖岸阶地上都不同程度地发育了可指示湖面变化的湖滩岩。水准测量结果表明,典型的湖滩岩最常见于高出现今湖面7.1~9.4 m和33.4~39.4 m的低、高两级湖积台地上。对湖滩岩样品进行岩石学和矿物学研究进一步揭示,湖滩岩主要由内碎屑、藻团块、陆源碎屑、胶结物和填隙物等构成,胶结物主要为亮晶方解石,夹少量文石,表明赛里木湖周边的湖滩岩为典型的方解石胶结砂屑砾屑岩。湖滩岩样品的U系年代测试结果表明,低、高两级台地上的湖滩岩主要形成于距今24.8±1.5 ka至27.6±1.5 ka和55.4±3.8 ka的晚更新世晚期,大致对应末次冰期间冰阶MIS3阶段早期和末期的相对暖湿气候阶段。湖滩岩及其测年结果指示,赛里木湖最近一期最高湖面出现在距今55.4 ka左右末次间冰阶早期,其后由于气候的干旱化,湖面整体处于逐步下降过程,在相对暖湿期间经历了多次湖面相对稳定期并形成湖滩岩。  相似文献   

冀中坳陷东北部石炭-二叠系烃源岩热史及成熟史模拟          下载免费PDF全文

张松航  梁宏斌  唐书恒  钱铮  赵俊斌 《高校地质学报》2014,20(3):454

石炭-二叠系煤成气藏是冀中坳陷东北部亟待突破的勘探领域。文中基于大量的钻井、测井、地球化学和古地温资
料,分别模拟构建了大城凸起、文安斜坡和武清凹陷的埋藏史和考虑岩浆热液侵入作用的热演化史。研究结果表明冀中坳
陷东北部石炭-二叠系地层总体上经历了“三沉两抬”的构造演化过程,在印支运动前全区具有近似的演化历史,印支
期、燕山期区内构造演化开始分异,至新生代形成总体“东隆西坳”的构造格局。区内烃源岩热演化包括一次生烃和二次
生烃,并可细分为长期隆升型、后期强烈沉降深成变质型和岩浆热变质型三种类型。一次成烃主要发生在三叠系末期,二
次成烃分别在新近纪和古近纪岩浆侵入期。区内斜坡浅部和隆起区一次成烃,斜坡和凹陷深部为后期强烈沉降深成变质二
次成烃、斜坡和凸起岩浆热液侵入区发生岩浆热变质二次成烃。一次成烃期Ro 值在0.7%左右,不具成藏潜力,二次成烃
期烃源岩可达高熟、过熟阶段,成藏配置条件好,成藏潜力巨大。  相似文献   

考虑河流地貌演化因素的清江隔河岩库区岸坡稳定性预测     

李景富  ;常宏  ;谭建民 《华南地质与矿产》2014,(2):162-168

根据清江中下游河流地貌演化与岸坡稳定性的响应关系,将河流地貌演化因子作为岸坡稳定性评价指标,采用层次分析与信息量评价模型相结合的方法,通过地理信息系统实现了清江隔河岩库区的岸坡稳定性定量预测,其预测结果与现实情况比较吻合。研究表明该方法是一种行之有效的岸坡稳定性预测方法,以及河流地貌演化对岸坡稳定性预测具有显著作用。  相似文献   

南四湖非法采砂治理对策     

马小友  ;赵跃伦  ;赵建  ;刘秋岭 《山东地质》2014,(6):53-57

介绍了南四湖黄砂资源情况及非法采砂情况,分析了打击非法采砂面临的困境,提出了联合执法常态化,建立执法部门之间的协调机制,召开座谈会推动立法,制定南四湖资源环境保护规划,加大经费投入,加强宣传教育等治理措施。  相似文献   

The late Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the South China Sea: A petrologic perspective     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

This paper presents a review of available petrological, geochonological and geochemical data for late Mesozoic to Recent igneous rocks in the South China Sea (SCS) and adjacent regions and a discussion of their petrogeneses and tectonic implications. The integration of these data with available geophysical and other geologic information led to the following tectono-magmatic model for the evolution of the SCS region. The geochemical characteristics of late Mesozoic granitic rocks in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), micro-blocks in the SCS, the offshore continental shelf and Dalat zone in southern Vietnam, and the Schwaner Mountains in West Kalimantan, Borneo indicate that these are mainly I-type granites plus a small amount of S-type granites in the PRMB. These granitoids were formed in a continental arc tectonic setting, consistent with the ideas proposed by Holloway (1982) and Taylor and Hayes, 1980, Taylor and Hayes, 1983, that there existed an Andean-type volcanic arc during later Mesozoic era in the SCS region. The geochonological and geochemical characteristics of the volcanics indicate an early period of bimodal volcanism (60–43 Ma or 32 Ma) at the northern margin of the SCS, followed by a period of relatively passive style volcanism during Cenozoic seafloor spreading (37 or 30–16 Ma) within the SCS, and post-spreading volcanism (tholeiitic series at 17–8 Ma, followed by alkali series from 8 Ma to present) in the entire SCS region. The geodynamic setting of the earlier volcanics was an extensional regime, which resulted from the collision between India and Eurasian plates since the earliest Cenozoic, and that of the post-spreading volcanics may be related to mantle plume magmatism in Hainan Island. In addition, the nascent Hainan plume may have played a significant role in the extension along the northern margin and seafloor spreading in the SCS.  相似文献   

Thermal and compositional stratification of the inner core     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(5-6):119-129

The improvements of the knowledge of the seismic structure of the inner core and the complexities thereby revealed ask for a dynamical origin. Sub-solidus convection was one of the early suggestions to explain the seismic anisotropy, but it requires an unstable density gradient either from thermal or compositional origin, or from both. Temperature and composition profiles in the inner core are computed using a unidimensional model of core evolution including diffusion in the inner core and fractional crystallisation at the inner core boundary (ICB). The thermal conductivity of the core has been recently revised upwardly and, moreover, found to increase with depth. Values of the heat flow across the core mantle boundary (CMB) sufficient to maintain convection in the whole outer core are not sufficient to make the temperature in the inner core super-isentropic and therefore prone to thermal instability. An unreasonably high CMB heat flow is necessary to this end. The compositional stratification results from a competition of the increase of the concentration of light elements in the outer core with inner core growth, which makes the inner core concentration also increase, and of the decrease of the liquidus, which makes the partition coefficient decrease as well as the concentration of light elements in the solid. While the latter (destabilizing) effect dominates at small inner core sizes, the former takes over for a large inner core. The turnover point is encountered for an inner core about half its current size in the case of S, but much larger for the case of O. The combined thermal and compositional buoyancy is stabilizing and solid-state convection in the inner core appears unlikely, unless an early double-diffusive instability can set in.  相似文献