降雨型滑坡预报中计算前期有效降雨量的一种新方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李长江  麻土华  孙乐玲  朱兴盛 《山地学报》2011,29(1)

在许多地区,前期降雨条件对滑坡的发生有重大影响,前期有效降雨量是滑坡预报的一个重要参数。基于累积滑坡频度-降雨量分形关系导出了一种新的计算前期有效降雨量的方法。在这个方法中,降雨衰减系数是由给定区域内引发滑坡的累积降雨阀值随观测时段天数变化的标度指数所决定,滑坡前每天降雨对总有效雨量的贡献并非是独立的,前i天降雨的衰减过程与前i-1天的降雨相关联。  相似文献   

Investigation and Assessment of Landslides and Debris Flows in Sichuan Province of China by Remote Sensing Technique   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHANG Baolei ZHANG Shumin ZHOU Wancun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(3):223-228

Taking TM images, ETM images, SPOT images, aerial photos and other remote sensing data as fundamental sources, this research makes a thorough investigation on landslides and debris flows in Sichuan Province, China, using the method of manual interpretation and taking topography maps as references after the processes of terrain correction, spectral matching, and image mosaic. And then, the spatial characteristics of landslides and debris flows in the year of 2005 are assessed and made into figures. The environmental factors which induce landslides and debris flows such as slope, vegetation coverage, lithology, rainfall and so on are obtained by GIS spatial analysis method. Finally, the relationships of landslides or debris flows with some environmental factors are analyzed based on the grade of each environmental factor. The results indicate： 1） The landslides and debris flows are mainly in the eastern and southern area of Sichuan Province, however, there are few landslides and debris flows in the western particularly the northwestern Sichuan. 2） The landslides and debris flows of Sichuan Province are mostly located in the regions with small slope degree. The occurring rate of debris flow reduces with the increase of the vegetation coverage degree, but the vegetation coverage degree has little to do with the occurrence of landslide. The more rainfall a place has, the easier the landslides and debris flows take place.  相似文献   

基于升降轨Sentinel-1A SBAS InSAR的西南山区滑坡隐患早期识别研究     

刘排英  贺少帅  王鹏生  孙亮 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(9):892-897

以贵州省水城县为研究区,使用SBAS InSAR分别对2018-07~2019-07鸡场镇滑坡发生前31期升轨和30期降轨Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,提取地表形变场。结果表明：1）鸡场镇滑坡发生前SBAS InSAR形变场并未出现明显形变,已超出12 d重访周期SAR的形变监测能力;2）研究区存在5个明显形变区,推断与斜坡失稳、地下/露天采矿和矿物加工的抽排水有关;3）升降轨数据的SBAS InSAR形变场相互补充、验证,可显著提升卫星雷达对山区滑坡隐患早期识别和形变监测能力。研究方法可为贵州省以及中国西南山区滑坡隐患调查与早期识别提供技术参考。  相似文献   

基于公里网格单元的地震滑坡人员死亡率评估模型——以2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震为例     

白仙富  聂高众  戴雨芡  余庆坤  罗伟东  叶燎原 《地震研究》2021,44(1):87-95

为提高地震人员伤亡预评估的准确性,完善地震灾害损失评估模型,科学评估地震地质灾害可能造成的人员伤亡数量,以2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震滑坡人员死亡数据为样本,建立了一种基于公里网格单元的地震滑坡人员死亡率logistic回归模型。采用F检验法对所建模型的合理性进行检验,计算得到的F值无限接近于1,表明模型无限接近于完全模型,具有极好的数学统计意义。根据模型评估的死亡率反演得到鲁甸地震灾区滑坡致死人数为233人,比实际少17人,总精确度为93.20%,实际死亡人数与模型识别人数在空间上也有很好的一致性,说明计算得到的地震滑坡人员死亡率是实际死亡人数的良好指标。  相似文献   

Slope control on the frequency distribution of shallow landslides and associated soil properties,North Island,New Zealand     

Ronald C. De Rose 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(4):356-371

The extrapolation of results from field trials to larger areas of land for purposes of regional impact assessment is an important issue in geomorphology, particularly for landform properties that show high stochastic variability in space and time, such as shallow landslide erosion. It is shown in this study, that by identifying the main driver for spatial variability in shallow landslide erosion at field scales, namely slope angle, it is possible to develop a set of generic functions for assessing the impact of landslides on selected soil properties at larger spatial scales and over longer time periods. Research was conducted within an area of pastoral soft‐rock Tertiary hill country in the North Island of New Zealand that is subject to infrequent high intensity rainfall events, producing numerous landslides, most of which are smaller than several hundred square metres in size and remove soil to shallow depths. All landslides were mapped within a 0·6 km² area and registered to a high resolution (2 m) slope map to show that few landslides occur on slopes < 20° and 95% were on slopes > 24°. The areal density of landslides from all historical events showed an approximately linear increase with slope above 24°. Integrating landslide densities with soil recovery data demonstrates that the average value of a soil property fluctuates in a ‘saw‐tooth’ fashion through time with the overall shape of the curve controlled by the frequency of landslide inducing storm events and recovery rate of the soil property between events. Despite such fluctuations, there are gradual declines of 7·5% in average total carbon content of topsoil and 9·5% in average soil depth to bedrock, since the time of forest clearance. Results have application to large‐scale sediment budget and water quality models and to the New Zealand Soil Carbon Monitoring System (CMS). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

地质构造对三明市羊口仔后山滑坡的控制研究     

黄国平  柳侃  叶龙珍 《地质灾害与环境保护》2014,(3):56-61

在勘察、施工开挖及物探的基础上,揭示断层控制滑坡的诸多现象和特征,为研究福建省地质构造与滑坡的相关性问题提供案例。  相似文献   

四川汶川地震-滑坡-泥石流灾害链形成演化过程   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张永双  成余粮  姚鑫  王军  吴树仁  王猛 《地质通报》2013,32(12):1900-1910

2008年“5·12”汶川Ms 8.0级地震之后,地震灾区表现出显著的强震地质灾害后效应。地震造成山体分水岭及山脊部位产生大量的崩塌和滑坡,崩滑体大多散落在山体的中上部,在强降雨作用下大量松散堆积物沿陡峻的沟道汇聚、加速,形成破坏性极大的高位泥石流,从而构成典型的地震-滑坡-泥石流灾害链。在回顾汶川地震灾区同震地质灾害的基础上,调查分析了震后汛期地质灾害的主要类型及其6种表现形式,将地震-滑坡-泥石流灾害链形成、演化过程划分为4个阶段：孕育阶段、地震同震滑坡阶段、震后滑坡-泥石流发育阶段、高位泥石流的动态演化阶段,提出高位泥石流的判识指标,并探讨其分布特征、动态变化趋势及其防治对策。  相似文献   

陕西宝鸡市渭河北岸蔡家坡工程滑坡活动强度评估     

辛鹏  吴树仁  石菊松  王涛  石玲  韩金良  何晓磊 《地质通报》2013,32(12):1952-1961

为研究大型工程扰动区滑坡的活动强度,以引渭渠水利工程穿越的蔡家坡斜坡带为例,概括了滑坡活动强度的评价方法,在地质调查与勘察、收集滑坡变形历史资料、大比例尺地形测绘及易滑地层力学试验的基础上,运用地貌过程分析、动态数值模拟2种计算方法,探讨研究蔡家坡段各斜坡单元可能的变形形式与强度,评估了新滑坡单体的滑动速度与距离。结果表明,北坡斜坡带受工程扰动后,古滑坡体受工程扰动最为敏感,老、新滑坡体次之。南社头古滑坡复活是工程竣工后的极端滑坡事件,陕棉九厂、蔡家坡滑坡的蠕变变形加速受到引渭渠渗漏地下水交换增快的影响;蔡家坡段高活动区集中于陕棉九厂老滑坡、蔡家坡新滑坡、农副公司老滑坡前缘,而大型滑坡体周缘的地貌陡坎为中活动区,受降雨诱发的浅层崩塌、泥流的影响;蔡家坡新滑坡坡面变形活动由后缘向坡脚传递,后缘下降,前缘隆起。蠕变过程中,X方向速度达到的最大值约1.0m/s,Y方向速度达到的最大值约1.5 m/s。块体滑动过程中,滑动最大距离约130m。其中,X方向速度最大约4.5m/s,Y方向速度最大约4.0m/s。  相似文献   

区域滑坡灾害风险评估——以长江三峡库区秭归县为例     

彭令  牛瑞卿  赵艳南  邓清禄 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(3):891-901

以滑坡灾害突出的三峡库区秭归县为研究区。在深入分析滑坡孕灾环境、诱发因素、滑坡编录和承灾体信息的基础上,利用Logistic回归模型和统计分析方法相结合进行了滑坡危险性评价。通过滑坡灾害致灾强度与承灾体抗灾能力分析了人口、建筑物、生命线工程和土地资源的易损性。采用成本价值核算法对各类承灾体进行了价值核算,最后通过风险模型预测了研究区内未来10年滑坡灾害的生命与经济风险。生命和经济高风险区分别占整个研究区面积的1.11%和2.71%,主要分布在集镇和学校、企事业单位等人口密集区以及交通建设用地等经济价值大的地区;中风险区分别占13.21%和20.66%,主要分布于农村居民生活居住和耕地活动区;低风险区分别占85.68%和76.63%,则分布在经过地质灾害治理和人类活动较为稀少的未利用地及林地等区域。通过实地调查分析与对比验证,发现预测结果与实际灾情较吻合。研究表明,集镇和学校、企事业单位等人口集中区和交通建设用地区是今后减灾防灾部署工作的重中之重。  相似文献   

Landslide vulnerability assessment and zonation through ranking of causative parameters based on landslide density-derived statistical indicators     

L. P. Sharma  Nilanchal Patel  M. K. Ghose  P. Debnath 《国际地球制图》2013,28(6):491-504

The research presented in this article is based on a new technique governed by three different statistical indicators determined for each causative parameter, viz. highest density, average density and co-efficient of variation of landslides. Each of these indicators was assigned a rank value between 1 and 14 depending upon its variation among the 14 causative parameters. The aggregate of the three types of rank values estimate the total ranking value (TRV) for each causative parameter. The study area is divided into 78,256 spatial units and for each such spatial unit, the influence of the different causative parameters is determined as the product of the experts' weight of the associated sub-category and the TRV of the causative parameter that categorizes the study area into various zones. The efficacy of the proposed technique is demonstrated by the occurrence of significantly high prediction accuracy of 84%.  相似文献