交叉裂隙渗流无网格法初探     

李晓春  陈剑平  石丙飞  范建华 《岩土力学》2007,28(Z1):371-374

作为两相介质的裂隙岩体,裂隙渗流是岩体渗流的主体。由于岩体的网状裂隙用传统的方法难以模拟复杂裂隙系统的水流特征。为此,基于岩体随机裂隙三维网络数值模拟,提取裂隙二维网络,并试用基于移动最小二乘近似的最小二乘法之无网格法来模拟岩体中交叉裂隙的渗流规律,通过自行编制的程序进行了简单示例与工程实例的试算,获得了较好的模拟结果,证实了无网格法模拟岩体裂隙流的可行性。  相似文献   

贝尔凹陷布达特群垂直裂缝垂向封闭性演化特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

付广  王国民  王有功 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(5):913-918

通过岩心观察和成像测井资料分析,发现贝尔凹陷布达特群垂直裂缝较发育,其形成与分布受断裂控制。利用SiO₂或CaCO₃沉淀胶结所需要的镜质体反射率值,对贝尔凹陷布达特群垂直裂缝目前垂向封闭性进行了评价。凹陷大部分地区开启,仅在凹陷少部分地区封闭,封闭区在凹陷中部呈环带分布,在凹陷边部呈条带分布。贝尔凹陷布达特群垂直裂缝现今垂向封闭性差于地质历史时期垂向封闭性,油气保存条件变差,造成油气大量散失,这可能是目前贝尔凹陷能在布达特群找到一批油气藏的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

辽西义县组中淬碎熔岩的发现及其意义     

杨芳林  王五力  张宏  李之彤  张立君  郑少林  郑月娟 《地质与资源》2005,14(4):241-244,255

通过近年在辽西北票-义县地区的研究,在该区首次发现了多处湖盆环境水下急速冷却机制形成的淬碎熔岩(不同于一般的枕状熔岩),这些淬碎熔岩分别与义县组中不同层位的沉积夹层伴生,其就位年龄应分别代表着相应沉积夹层的年龄.淬碎熔岩分布的主要层位是在北票义县组四合屯(尖山沟)沉积层的上部,义县地区义县组砖城子沉积层的中部、大康堡沉积层上部.即出露于北票四合屯观察哨南侧,义县金家沟、腰马山沟、二道河子、上下崔家沟、陶西沟北部、大康堡地区.本淬碎熔岩的发现及其进一步深入研究,将为解决一直争论中的北票地区义县组和义县地区义县组的对比问题提供依据,还将为进一步正确厘定义县组的范畴、火山活动规模和火山岩层的厚度,探讨义县地区义县火山旋回主喷发期跨越的时限,进而为探讨辽西地区主体引张作用的时限提供重要证据.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘延长组砂岩储集层裂缝特征研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

田亚铭  施泽进  宋江海  吴小明  高翔  邹永东 《地质力学学报》2009,15(3):281-288

宜川-旬邑地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘渭北隆起带上, 岩性观察、成像测井资料、薄片资料研究表明, 该区发育近EW向高角度区域性裂缝; 裂缝充填物中流体包裹体均一温度及沉积—构造埋藏史的分析表明, 该区主要裂缝形成于侏罗纪末期—早白垩世之前, 是构造挤压和深埋藏作用引起的联合应力作用下的产物。经尝试性研究, 基于声波时差和自然伽马资料的R/S裂缝识别方法对该地区裂缝识别具有较好的适用性, 可以用来进行该区的储集层裂缝识别研究, 并且指出了正15井、旺9井区等不同程度发育裂缝系统, 对指导该区油气勘探研究具有重要作用。   相似文献   

Time series analysis of lava flux     

H.M. Odbert  G. Wadge 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009

We have applied time series analytical techniques to the flux of lava from an extrusive eruption. Tilt data acting as a proxy for flux are used in a case study of the May–August 1997 period of the eruption at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. We justify the use of such a proxy by simple calibratory arguments. Three techniques of time series analysis are employed: spectral, spectrogram and wavelet methods. In addition to the well-known ~9-hour periodicity shown by these data, a previously unknown periodic flux variability is revealed by the wavelet analysis as a 3-day cycle of frequency modulation during June–July 1997, though the physical mechanism responsible is not clear. Such time series analysis has potential for other lava flux proxies at other types of volcanoes.  相似文献   

Radiometric dating of three large volume flank collapses in the Lesser Antilles Arc     

A. Samper  X. Quidelleur  G. Boudon  A. Le Friant  J.C. Komorowski 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

It is now recognised that flank collapses are a recurrent process in the evolution of the Lesser Antilles Arc volcanoes. Large magnitude debris-avalanche deposits have been identified off the coast of Dominica, Martinique and St. Lucia, with associated volumes up to 20 km³ [Deplus, C., Le Friant, A., Boudon, G., Komorowski, J.-C., Villemant, B., Harford, C., Ségoufin, J., Cheminée, J.-L., 2001. Submarine evidence for large-scale debris avalanches in the Lesser Antilles Arc. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 192: 145–157.]. We present new radiometric dating of three major events using the K–Ar Cassignol–Gillot technique. In the Qualibou depression of St. Lucia, a collapse has been constrained by dome emplacement prior to 95 ± 2 ka. In Dominica, where repetitive flank collapse events have occurred [Le Friant, A., Boudon, G., Komorowski, J.-C., Deplus, C., 2002. L'île de la Dominique, à l'origine des avalanches de débris les plus volumineuses de l'arc des Petites Antilles. C.R. Geoscience, 334: 235–243], the Plat Pays event probably occurred after 96 ± 2 ka. Inside the depression caused by this event, Scotts Head, which is interpreted as a proximal megabloc from the subsequent Soufriere avalanche event has been dated at 14 ± 1 ka, providing an older bound for this event. On Martinique three different domes within the Carbets structure dated at 337 ± 5 ka constrain the age of this high magnitude event. Finally, these results obtained from three of the most voluminous flank collapses provide constraints to estimate the recurrence of these events, which represent one of the major hazards associated with volcanoes of the Lesser Antilles Arc.  相似文献   

Continental basaltic volcanoes — Processes and problems     

G.A. Valentine  T.K.P. Gregg 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Monogenetic basaltic volcanoes are the most common volcanic landforms on the continents. They encompass a range of morphologies from small pyroclastic constructs to larger shields and reflect a wide range of eruptive processes. This paper reviews physical volcanological aspects of continental basaltic eruptions that are driven primarily by magmatic volatiles. Explosive eruption styles include Hawaiian and Strombolian (sensu stricto) and violent Strombolian end members, and a full spectrum of styles that are transitional between these end members. The end-member explosive styles generate characteristic facies within the resulting pyroclastic constructs (proximal) and beyond in tephra fall deposits (medial to distal). Explosive and effusive behavior can be simultaneous from the same conduit system and is a complex function of composition, ascent rate, degassing, and multiphase processes. Lavas are produced by direct effusion from central vents and fissures or from breakouts (boccas, located along cone slopes or at the base of a cone or rampart) that are controlled by varying combinations of cone structure, feeder dike processes, local effusion rate and topography. Clastogenic lavas are also produced by rapid accumulation of hot material from a pyroclastic column, or by more gradual welding and collapse of a pyroclastic edifice shortly after eruptions. Lava flows interact with — and counteract — cone building through the process of rafting. Eruption processes are closely coupled to shallow magma ascent dynamics, which in turn are variably controlled by pre-existing structures and interaction of the rising magmatic mixture with wall rocks. Locations and length scales of shallow intrusive features can be related to deeper length scales within the magma source zone in the mantle. Coupling between tectonic forces, magma mass flux, and heat flow range from weak (low magma flux basaltic fields) to sufficiently strong that some basaltic fields produce polygenetic composite volcanoes with more evolved compositions. Throughout the paper we identify key problems where additional research will help to advance our overall understanding of this important type of volcanism.  相似文献   

Zircon U-Pb and geochemical analyses for leucocratic intrusive rocks in pillow lavas in the Danfeng Group,north Qinling Mountains,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yan QuanRen  Chen JunLu  Wang ZongQi  Yan Zhen  Wang Tao  Li QiuGen  Zhang ZongQing  Jiang ChunFa 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(2):249-262

Field observation showed that there are many irregular leucocratic intrusive rocks in pillow lavas in the Danfeng Group in the Xiaowangjian area, north Qinling orogenic belt. Photomicrographs indicated that the protoliths of those altered leucocratic intrusive rocks are dioritic rocks. Geochemical analyses showed that pillow lavas have a range of SiO2 from 47.35% to 51.20%, low abundance of TiO2 from 0.97% to 1.72%, and percentages of MgO (MgO#=41―49). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of pillow lavas are even, indicative of a weak differentiation between LREE and HREE (La/YbN=1.52―0.99). N-MORB-normalized trace element abundances showed that pillow lavas are enriched in incompatible elements (e.g., K, Rb, and Ba). Leucocratic intrusive rocks in pillow lavas have a wide range of SiO2 from 53.85%―67.20%, low abundances of TiO2 from 0.51%―1.10%, and MgO (MgO#=40―51), and higher percentages of Al2O3 (13.32%―16.62%) and concentration of Sr (342-539 μg/g), ratios of Na2O/K2O (2―7) and Sr/Y (17―28). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of leucocratic intrusive rocks showed highly differentiation between LREE and HREE (La/YbN=12.26―19.41). N-MORB-normalized trace element abundances showed that leucocratic intrusive rocks are enriched in incompatible elements (e.g., K, Rb, and Ba), and significantly depleted in HFSE (e.g., Nb, Ta, Zr and Ti), indicative of a relationship to subduction. Isotopically, leucocratic intrusive rocks have a similar εNd(t) ( 7.45― 13.14) to that of MORB ( 8.8― 9.7), which indicates that those leucocratic intrusive rocks sourced from depleted mantle most likely. SHRIMP U-Pb analyses for zircon showed that those leucocratic intrusive rocks were formed at 442±7 Ma, yielding an age of subduction in the early Paleozoic in the north Qinling orogenic belt.  相似文献   

对国家庄矿-210m北大巷突水通道的认识     

莫德  吕朋菊 《煤田地质与勘探》2000,28(4):50-52

肥城矿务局国家庄矿－２１０ｍ北大巷突水量高达５４９．５ｍ＾３／ｍｉｎ,突出物总量１６５１８ｍ＾３,突出物中有许多陷落柱产物 。在总结其突水和突出物特点的基础上,认为该突水是限落柱通过与之相连的断层而发生的奥灰突出。  相似文献   

Nuées ardentes of 22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia     

E. K. Abdurachman  J. -L. Bourdier  B. Voight   《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,100(1-4)

Nuées ardentes associated with dome collapse on 22 November 1994, at Merapi volcano traveled to the south–southwest as far as 6.5 km, and collectively accumulated roughly 2.5–3 million cubic meters of deposits. The damaged area comprises 9.5 km² and is covered by two nuée ardente facies, a conventional “Merapi-type”, valley-fill block-and-ash flow facies and a pyroclastic surge facies. The proximal deposits reflect the accumulation of dozens of nuées ardentes, with many subsidiary flow units. The distal deposits are more simply organized, as only a few individual events reached to distances >3.5 km. The stratigraphic relationships north of Turgo hill indicate that the surge deposits are a facies of particularly mobile nuées ardentes that also deposited channeled block-and-ash flow facies. They further suggest that the surge facies beyond the channel margins correlate laterally with a finer-grained sublayer locally developed at the base of the block-and-ash flow facies. Eyewitness reports suggest that the emplacement of the block-and-ash flow facies in the distal part of the Boyong river may have followed, by a short time interval, the destruction and deposition of the surge facies at Turgo village. The stratigraphy is in accord with the eyewitness reports. The surge facies was emplaced by a dilute surge current, detached from the same dome-collapse nuée ardente that, as a separate flow unit, subsequently emplaced the distal block-and-ash deposit in the Boyong valley. The detachment occurred at higher elevations, likely at or above the slope break at about 2000 m elevation. This flow separation enabled the surge current to shortcut over the landscape and to emplace its deposit even as the block-and-ash flow continued its tortuous southward movement in the Boyong channel. Dome-collapse nuée ardente activity formed the bulk of the eruption, which was accompanied by virtually no significant vertical summit explosive activity.  相似文献