松辽盆地三肇地区油田储层裂缝及地应力特征   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

王秀娟  孙贻铃 《高校地质学报》1999,5(3):328-333

在大量裂缝发育特征的观察和统计工作基础上,结合油田开发动态和古构造发育史分析等,应用岩芯古地磁定向,差应变和波速各和异性等研究方法,结果认为三肇地区扶杨油层发育的裂缝走向以近东西向为主,多具高倾角,并可构成规模较大的主裂缝,其在油田注水开发中起着不可轻视的作用。分析表明,裂缝发育的密度与砂层的厚度成反比,与构造曲率成正比。区域最大水平主应力为北西西向,近东西向裂缝为油田最有效裂缝组系。  相似文献   

鄯善油田裂缝特征及构造应力场   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

岳乐平  张莉  吴诗平  朱永贤 《地质力学学报》1999,5(2):59-64

通过野外节理裂缝的观测,钻井岩心裂缝的古地磁定向与倾角测井裂缝解释,分析了鄯善油田构造应力场,得出鄯善油田储层构造裂缝发育方位主要为N30°-40°E,N30°-50°W,为一对NE、NW向共轭断裂.高角度缝和垂直缝为主.鄯善构造带是近南北挤压作用下形成的,侏罗纪末期燕山期构造运动为近SN向的主压应力模式,形成油田内一系列近SN向正断层,以及测量的NE、NW向共轭断裂.鄯善油田储层断裂是侏罗纪末期燕山期构造运动形成的.通过倾角测井椭圆井径曲线分析等方法判别的鄯善油田现今最大水平主应力方向约140°.人工压裂的裂缝方位理论上当为140°,它与320°方位的构造缝如果匹配,可能对压裂产生影响.  相似文献   

Controls on deep critical zone architecture: a historical review and four testable hypotheses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Clifford S. Riebe  W. Jesse Hahm  Susan L. Brantley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(1):128-156

The base of Earth's critical zone (CZ) is commonly shielded from study by many meters of overlying rock and regolith. Though deep CZ processes may seem far removed from the surface, they are vital in shaping it, preparing rock for infusion into the biosphere and breaking Earth materials down for transport across landscapes. This special issue highlights outstanding challenges and recent advances of deep CZ research in a series of articles that we introduce here in the context of relevant literature dating back to the 1500s. Building on several contributions to the special issue, we highlight four exciting new hypotheses about factors that drive deep CZ weathering and thus influence the evolution of life‐sustaining CZ architecture. These hypotheses have emerged from recently developed process‐based models of subsurface phenomena including: fracturing related to subsurface stress fields; weathering related to drainage of bedrock under hydraulic head gradients; rock damage from frost cracking due to subsurface temperature gradients; and mineral reactions with reactive fluids in subsurface chemical potential gradients. The models predict distinct patterns of subsurface weathering and CZ thickness that can be compared with observations from drilling, sampling and geophysical imaging. We synthesize the four hypotheses into an overarching conceptual model of fracturing and weathering that occurs as Earth materials are exhumed to the surface across subsurface gradients in stress, hydraulic head, temperature, and chemical potential. We conclude with a call for a coordinated measurement campaign designed to comprehensively test the four hypotheses across a range of climatic, tectonic and geologic conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dating lava flows of tropical volcanoes by means of spatial modeling of vegetation recovery   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Long Li  Lien Bakelants  Carmen Solana  Frank Canters  Matthieu Kervyn 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(4):840-856

The age of past lava flows is crucial information for evaluating the hazards and risks posed by effusive volcanoes, but traditional dating methods are expensive and time‐consuming. This study proposes an alternative statistical dating method based on remote sensing observations of tropical volcanoes by exploiting the relationship between lava flow age and vegetation cover. First, the factors controlling vegetation density on lava flows, represented by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were investigated. These factors were then integrated into pixel‐based multi‐variable regression models of lava flow age to derive lava flow age maps. The method was tested at a pixel scale on three tropical African volcanoes with considerable recent effusive activity: Nyamuragira (Democratic Republic of Congo), Mt Cameroon (Cameroon) and Karthala (the Comoros). Due to different climatic and topographic conditions, the parameters of the spatial modeling are volcano‐specific. Validation suggests that the obtained statistical models are robust and can thus be applied for estimating the age of unmodified undated lava flow surfaces for these volcanoes. When the models are applied to fully vegetated lava flows, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the saturation of NDVI. In order to improve the accuracy of the models, when available, spatial data on temperature and precipitation should be included to directly represent climatic variation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

天然裂缝影响下的花岗岩水力裂缝扩展数值模拟     

王璜  王贵玲  岳高凡  甘浩男 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2124-2130

水力压裂技术是成功实现干热岩资源开发利用的重要手段之一,数值模拟技术能够精准预测水力裂缝扩展。针对典型花岗岩,借助黏性单元法,分别模拟了致密花岗岩和天然裂缝存在情况下的水力裂缝扩展特征,得出以下结论：致密花岗岩的水力裂缝形态单一,天然裂缝的存在增加了压裂后裂缝的复杂性;致密花岗岩水力裂缝拓展主要分为憋压和拓展两个交替往复的阶段,当存在天然裂隙时,水力压裂过程会变得复杂;天然裂缝存在时,水力裂缝的缝长和缝宽分别为致密花岗岩的5. 7倍和1. 7倍;缝网的形成需要借助复杂的压裂工艺实现。研究结果可以为增强型地热系统(EGS)储层水力刺激工作提供理论支持。  相似文献   

湖北宜昌震旦系陡山沱组储层特征及复杂体积压裂效果评价     

王玉芳  翟刚毅  胡志方  李娟  张云枭  康海霞  张家政 《地质学报》2022,96(4):1447-1459

鄂阳页2 HF井是国内首口针对震旦系陡山沱组的页岩气水平井,该井钻遇的陡山沱组页岩厚度大,岩石脆性好,含气性好且天然裂缝发育,具备良好的压裂改造基础.针对陡山沱组储层"高云质、地层常压、水平应力差异大、隔夹层发育"等压裂改造难点,通过采用"密分切割、多簇射孔、转向压裂"等复杂裂缝体积压裂工艺,采取变排量、暂堵转向、停泵...  相似文献   

逆时偏移在声反射成像测井中的应用方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

李雨生  李宁  武宏亮  王克文  冯周  刘鹏 《地球物理学报》2020,63(4):1705-1714

声反射成像测井中常用的基于射线理论的Kirchhoff积分偏移算法和基于单程波理论的F-K偏移算法均可实现井旁缝洞反射体的快速偏移成像,但其仅适用于地层垂向变化较弱的速度场和高陡角裂缝的偏移成像,无法实现低角度反射体的准确偏移归位,产生偏移假象误导测井解释.逆时偏移基于全波动方程,可适应强垂向变化速度场,实现近似水平反射体的偏移成像.本文详细分析了将逆时偏移应用于声反射成像测井时存在的数据准备、时间采样间隔匹配和成像条件改进等若干问题,通过设置多组理论模型来说明算法对井旁不同反射体的识别能力.模拟资料和实际资料处理结果证实,较F-K偏移算法,逆时偏移算法成像精度更高、收敛性更好,可有效实现近似水平构造偏移归位.改进的归一化互相关成像条件可解决深部地层的远井壁成像衰减问题,降低测井解释的多解性.逆时偏移将成为声反射成像测井高精度偏移技术的发展方向.  相似文献   

Controls of hydrocarbon generation on the development of expulsion fractures in organic-rich shale: Based on the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The development of expulsion fractures in organic-rich shale is closely related to hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from kerogen. Organic-rich shales from the upper part of the fourth member and the lower part of the third member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, East China, are used as an example. Based on thin sections, SEM and thermal simulation experiments, the characteristics of hydrocarbon generation and the conditions supporting the development of expulsion fractures were explored. The key factors influencing these fractures include the presence of kerogens, their distribution along laminae and around particle boundaries, their exposure to heat and the build-up in pressure due to confinement by low permeability. The development of excess pore fluid pressures and intrinsic low rock fracture strength are the main influencing factors. Pressurization by rapid generation of hydrocarbon provides impetus for fracture initiation and cause bitumen to migrate quickly. The shale laminae results in distinctly lower fracture strength laminae-parallel than laminae-normal and this directs the formation of new fractures in the direction of weakness. When pore fluid pressure increases, maximum and minimum principal effective stresses decrease by different proportions with a larger reduction in the maximum principal effective stress. This increases the deviatoric stress and reduces the mean stress, thus driving the rock towards failure. Moreover, the tabular shape of the kerogen aids the generation of hydrocarbon and the initiation of expulsion fractures from the tip and edge. The resulting fractures extend along the laminae when the tensile strength is lower in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. Particle contact boundaries are weak and allow fractures to expand around particles and to curve as the stress/strength regime changes. When pore fluid pressure fields at different fracture tips overlap, fractures will propagate and interconnect, forming a network. This paper could provide us more detailed understanding of the forming processes of expulsion fractures and better comprehension about hydrocarbon expulsion (primary migration) in source rocks.  相似文献   

Simulation of paleotectonic stress fields and quantitative prediction of multi-period fractures in shale reservoirs: A case study of the Niutitang Formation in the Lower Cambrian in the Cen'gong block,South China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Reservoirs where tectonic fractures significantly impact fluid flow are widespread. Industrial-level shale gas production has been established from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Cen'gong block, South China; the practice of exploration and development of shale gas in the Cen'gong block shows that the abundance of gas in different layers and wells is closely related to the degree of development of fractures. In this study, the data obtained from outcrop, cores, and logs were used to determine the developmental characteristics of such tectonic fractures. By doing an analysis of structural evolution, acoustic emission, burial history, logging evaluation, seismic inversion, and rock mechanics tests, 3-D heterogeneous geomechanical models were established by using a finite element method (FEM) stress analysis approach to simulate paleotectonic stress fields during the Late Hercynian—Early Indo-Chinese and Middle-Late Yanshanian periods. The effects of faulting, folding, and variations of mechanical parameters on the development of fractures could then be identified. A fracture density calculation model was established to determine the quantitative development of fractures in different stages and layers. Favorable areas for shale gas exploration were determined by examining the relationship between fracture density and gas content of three wells. The simulation results indicate the magnitude of minimum principal stress during the Late Hercynian — Early Indo-Chinese period within the Cen'gong block is −100 ∼ −110 MPa with a direction of SE-NW (140°–320°), and the magnitude of the maximum principal stress during the Middle-Late Yanshanian period within the Cen'gong block is 150–170 MPa with a direction of NNW-SSE (345°–165°). During the Late Hercynian — Early Indo-Chinese period, the mechanical parameters and faults play an important role in the development of fractures, and fractures at the downthrown side of the fault are more developed than those at the uplifted side; folding plays an important role in the development of fractures in the Middle-Late Yanshanian period, and faulting is a secondary control. This 3-D heterogeneous geomechanical modelling method and fracture density calculation modelling are not only significant for prediction of shale fractures in complex structural areas, but also have a practical significance for the prediction of other reservoir fractures.  相似文献   

潞安矿区煤储层裂隙及其与人工裂缝的关系     

李鑫  傅雪海 《煤田地质与勘探》2015,43(1):22

为了研究潞安矿区煤储层压裂人工裂缝与天然裂隙的关系,井下实测了矿区煤储层宏观裂隙,扫描电镜观测了煤储层显微裂隙;探讨了矿区含裂缝非均质煤岩破裂规律。对原位煤储层条件下人工裂缝沿天然裂隙扩展的最大水平主应力方向与天然裂隙走向夹角的临界值进行了计算。结果表明:矿区的漳村、司马、屯留、常村和五阳5个区块临界值分别为12.00°、9.22°、9.16°、8.56°和7.42°,当最大水平主应力方向与天然裂隙走向的夹角小于此临界角时,人工裂缝沿天然裂隙扩展,反之沿最大水平主应力方向扩展。据此,探讨了潞安矿区原位煤储层压裂裂缝沿天然裂隙扩展的3种模式。   相似文献