太湖人工生态系统中氮循环细菌分布   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

王国祥  濮培民  黄宜凯  张圣照 《湖泊科学》1999,(2)

对太湖五里湖的以水生高等植物为主的湖泊人工生态系统,用最大可能数（ＭＰＮ）法,测定了该系统内各种生态类型水生高等植物群落内的４类氮循环细菌的分布．结果表明,反硝化细菌的最大可能数（ＭＰＮ）,在水生高等植物群落内水体中较敞水区湖水高２－５个数量级,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,漂浮植物群落内水体的反硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值较沉水和浮叶植物群落内水体高２－３个数量级,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值,敞水区湖水高于凤眼莲、水花生群落内水体,差异显著（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）,菱群落与其他群落比较,亦有极显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０１）;亚硝化细菌ＭＰＮ值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中较敞水区高 ３－ ４个数量级,差异极显著（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０１） ;氨化细菌ＭＰＮ值,在水生高等植物群落内的水体中高于敞水区水体．除硝化细菌外,反硝化、亚硝化及氨化细菌均在根际处最为密集,且由根际向外呈现递减趋势．  相似文献   

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Impact on Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis Growth and Dissolved Oxygen          下载免费PDF全文

Faiza Rehman  Arshid Pervez  Bahadar Nawab Khattak  Rafiq Ahmad 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(8)

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Macrophyte‐driven transient storage and phosphorus uptake in a western Wisconsin stream          下载免费PDF全文

Katherine J. Bohrman  Eric A. Strauss 《水文研究》2018,32(2):253-263

Investigations of phosphorus cycling and transport in streams lend insight into potential mechanisms of nutrient sequestration and can help mitigate human impacts. In this study, we examined the relationship between transient storage and phosphorus uptake in a cold‐water stream in western Wisconsin. Hydrological characteristics, nutrient spiralling metrics, macrophyte biomass, and geomorphological properties were quantified in 7 reaches of Spring Coulee Creek using injections of a conservative tracer alone or with added PO₄^3?. Fraction of median travel time due to transient storage (F_med²⁰⁰) was correlated with macrophyte biomass (r = .794, p = .033), and PO₄^3? uptake velocity was correlated with F_med²⁰⁰ (r = .756, p = .049). Stepwise linear regression was used to build models for transient storage and uptake velocity. Macrophyte biomass, stream bed slope, and riffle to pool ratio accounted for 99.6% of the variation in transient storage (p < .001). Transient storage, canopy cover, and slope accounted for 98.0% of the variation in uptake velocity (p = .002). This study shows that transient storage, primarily resulting from macrophyte beds, can be a significant factor regulating phosphorus uptake in stream ecosystems.  相似文献   

洪泽湖3种沉水植物附着细菌群落结构及多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马杰  范婤  王国祥  韩睿明  董彬  冀峰  彭云 《湖泊科学》2016,28(4):852-858

沉水植物茎叶表面附着的藻、菌及其他物质,不仅影响沉水植物自身生长,而且影响水体物质循环过程,附着藻类的研究已经有不少报道,但附着细菌的报道相对较少.采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,研究洪泽湖典型沉水植物——菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)在生长旺盛期叶表面附着细菌的群落结构及多样性特征,并采用冗余分析法探讨环境因子对附着细菌丰度的影响.结果表明,(1)3种沉水植物附着细菌群落结构有明显的差异性.143 bp T-RF在菹草和篦齿眼子菜中的相对丰度平均达到了20%和11%,而在金鱼藻中的相对丰度小于1%;89 bp T-RF在金鱼藻中的相对丰度平均约为13%,而在菹草和篦齿眼子菜中相对丰度小于5%.94 bp T-RF在菹草样品中相对丰度超过15%,而在其他样品中未被检测出.(2)从多样性角度分析,3种沉水植物附着细菌多样性大小依次为篦齿眼子菜菹草金鱼藻.(3)部分限制性片段的丰度受环境因子的影响较大,如89、94、143和227 bp T-RFs.而如167 bp T-RFs在3种沉水植物中的相对丰度分布较为稳定,受上述环境因子的限制较小.根据细菌比对结果,洪泽湖附着细菌的优势菌群可能属于拟杆菌门(Bacteroides)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)3个门类.  相似文献   

缓冲带径流污染物净化效果研究及其与草皮生物量的相关性   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

吴建强  黄沈发  吴健  熊丽君 《湖泊科学》2008,20(6):761-765

2006—2007年对东太湖网围养殖区及航道水生植物种群结构和水环境状况进行了调查．结果表明：采样区内共有水生植物10种,其中沉水植物6种、浮叶植物3种、漂浮植物1种;养殖区植物种类较单一,耐污染、再生能力强以及水质净化能力好的金鱼藻、狐尾藻和伊乐藻在养殖区呈优势种分布;航道和敞水区优势种类为苦草和马来眼子菜．从水生植物生物量变化来看,9月生物量最高,平均为2882．4&#177;748．8g／m^2;养殖区水生植物生物量高于航道和敞水区,两个网区平均可达1251．2&#177;1012．7g／m^2、993．9&#177;968．6g／m^2．水生植物与水环境相互关系来看,温度、透明度和pH等水体物理环境因子对水生植物季节生长和光合作用具有重要影响;水生植物具有吸收水体氮磷营养盐和抑制藻类生长的作用,从而改善了东太湖水质,同时植物季节性生长以及空间分布差异也影响水质时空差异．  相似文献   

Antioxidant systems of aquatic macrophytes in three life forms:a case study in Lake Erhai,China     

YUAN Changbo  ZHU Tianshun  CAO Te  XI Yilong  ZHANG Xiaolin  NI Leyi 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(2):665-674

Antioxidant systems are vital in life activities of macrophytes. Species with diff erent life forms need to cope with distinct environments by modifying physiological characters, especially antioxidant systems. In order to find diff erences among life forms and consequence of lake eutrophication, we studied three antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate oxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) and total soluble phenolics (TP) content in leaves of 26 macrophyte species in September 2013 in Lake Erhai, China. We found that antioxidation varied accordingly with life forms. The activities of SOD and APX in emergent macrophytes (EM) and floating-leaved macrophytes (FM) were much lower than those of submerged macrophytes (SM). On the contrary, TP content was much higher in EM and FM species. There was a negative correlation between TP and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX). The results suggested that EM and FM species rely on phenolics might to adapt to adverse environments (higher herbivores predation pressure and UV radiation intensity), while SM species more rely on antioxidant enzymes possibly due to lower demand for antioxidation and/or lack of light and inorganic C availability for phenolics synthesis. We also found FM species represent highest fitness in term of antioxidant system, which would lead to overgrowth of FM species and littoral zone bogginess during lake eutrophication. Finally, it is necessary to carry out the verification experiment under the control condition in the later stage, especially for the dominant ones in eutrophic lakes, to understand the exact adaptive mechanisms of them.  相似文献   

Changes in fossil midge (Chironomidae) assemblages in response to cultural activities in a shallow, polymictic lake   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

J.L. Little  J.P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2000,23(2):207-212

Chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) head capsules were studied from a core of recent sediments from shallow, macrophyte-dominated Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada, to determine if assemblages have changed in response to lake-level changes and other watershed disturbances, including deforestation and agriculture. Our results indicate that the construction of the Rideau Canal in the early 1830s and subsequent flooding of Lake Opinicon has had the greatest impact on this system, but that even this disturbance did not greatly affect chironomid assemblages. Despite other significant cultural disturbances in the watershed, the lake sediments have recorded only minor changes in its recent history, providing support for the hypothesis of alternative lake equilibria. These results correspond well with diatom inferences of only minor changes in past lake trophic status.  相似文献   

白洋淀台田沟渠水生植物蔓延分布特征     

蓝艳  崔保山  张永涛  李峰居  张宇  蔺文亭 《湿地科学》2013,11(3)

湖泊植物群落的形成和分布由水文和水质共同决定.以白洋淀台田沟渠内水生植物为研究对象,研究水生植物在不同营养盐含量和与台田边界不同距离条件下的蔓延分布特征.运用野外调查方法,于2012年5月和9月初,对白洋淀20个主要淀区台田沟渠内的水生植物和水质条件进行调查.本次调查在台田沟渠内共发现水生植物14种,占淀区水生植物总种数的40％.沟渠内水生植物对营养盐含量的适应性可以分为3类:金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、紫背浮萍(Spirodela polyhiza)、水鳖(Hydracharis dubia)、蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、槐叶萍(Salvinia natans)、莲(Nelumbo nucifera)和芦苇(Phragmites australis适宜于各种水体;狸藻(Utricularia vulgaris)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)和品藻Lemna trisulca)适宜于低氮水体;轮藻(Chara sp.)、光叶眼子菜(Potamo geton lucens)和马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)适宜于低氮和低磷水体.不同的水生植物分布于台田沟渠的不同位置,菹草、蓖齿眼子菜多分布于台田“外边缘”;轮藻多在台田“内边缘”和“内部水域”分布;浮水植物、浮叶植物和金鱼藻在台田区内分布相对均匀.植物群落物种丰富度沿台田沟渠与台田边界的距离呈单峰曲线关系,在台田入口处达到峰值.  相似文献   

Reproduction in Galaxias fasciatus Gray (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae)   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

C. L. Hopkins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):225-230

A study of the reproductive cycle was made on Galaxias fasciatus Gray from streams on Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. There was no spawning migration; adults remained in the usual adult habitat to breed. The course of gonad maturation showed that spawning occurred in the autumn, from the end of April to mid‐June. Most males matured at 2 years of age and most females at 4 years old. Egg numbers in the females varied from 3800 to 23 600. Males were predominant in age groups 1–4, females in the older age groups. Amongst fish of potential breeding age there was an excess of males. Circumstantial evidence suggested that eggs were laid among piles of water‐logged debris lodged in pools and backwaters. The larvae, which are briefly described, probably hatch during floods to be swept quickly downstream to the sea.  相似文献   

Submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner,Marion, Katrine,Taylor, and Sheppard in Canterbury,New Zealand     

Maryd De Wemton  John S. Clayton  Rohan D. S. Wells  Chris C. Tanner  Suzanne T. Miller 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):145-151

The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion.  相似文献