Gas generation and expulsion characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks,eastern Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China: implications for shale gas resource potential     

P. Wang  X. Chen  J. Li  H. Yang  F. Jiang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7):1001-1013

Frontier exploration in the Kuqa Depression, western China, has identified the continuous tight-sand gas accumulation in the Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic as a major unconventional gas pool. However, assessment of the shale gas resource in the Kuqa Depression is new. The shale succession in the Middle–Upper Triassic comprises the Taliqike Formation (T₃t), the Huangshanjie Formation (T₃h) and the middle–upper Karamay Formation (T_2–3k), with an average accumulated thickness of 260 m. The high-quality shale is dominated by type III kerogen with high maturity and an average original total organic carbon (TOC) of about 2.68 wt%. An improved hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model was applied to this self-contained source–reservoir system to reveal the gas generation and expulsion (intensity, efficiency and volume) characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks. The maximum volume of shale gas in the source rocks was obtained by determining the difference between generation and expulsion volumes. The results indicate that source rocks reached the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold of 1.1% VR and the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion reached their peak at 1.0% VR and 1.28% VR, with the maximum rate of 56 mg HC/0.1% TOC and 62.8 mg HC/0.1% TOC, respectively. The volumes of gas generation and expulsion from Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks were 12.02 × 10¹² m³ and 5.98 × 10¹² m³, respectively, with the residual volume of 6.04 × 10¹² m³, giving an average gas expulsion efficiency of 44.38% and retention efficiency of 55.62%. Based on the gas generation and expulsion characteristics, the predicted shale gas potential volume is 6.04 × 10¹² m³, indicating a significant shale gas resource in the Middle–Upper Triassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression.  相似文献   

Pulse generation models for daily intermittent streamflows / Modèles de génération d’impulsions pour des débits journaliers intermittents     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3)

Abstract

Abstract Generating pulses and then converting them into flow are two main steps of daily streamflow generation. Three pulse generation models have been proposed on the basis of Markov chains for the purpose of generating daily intermittent streamflow time series in this study. The first one is based on two two-state Markov chains, whereas the second uses a three-state Markov chain. The third model uses harmonic analysis and fits Fourier series to the three-state Markov chain. Results for a daily intermittent streamflow data series show a good performance of the proposed models.  相似文献   

An inexpensive and portable drill rig for bedrock groundwater studies in headwater catchments     

C. P. Gabrielli  J. J. McDonnell 《水文研究》2012,26(4):622-632

Bedrock groundwater dynamics in headwater catchments are poorly understood and poorly characterized. Here, we present an inexpensive and portable bedrock drilling system designed for use in remote locations. Our system is capable of drilling bedrock wells up to 11 m deep and 38 mm in diameter in a wide range of bedrock types. The drill consists of a lawn mower engine adapted to rotate a diamond tipped coring bit, a small water pump to cool and flush the drill bit and a scaffolding platform for stable footing on steep slopes. The complete drilling assembly costs under $ 2000 USD. Here, we show proof‐of‐concept of our approach with 40 successful wells drilled in different geological substrates, including a conglomerate at the Maimai experimental catchment in New Zealand, volcanic breccias at the HJ Andrews experimental watershed in Oregon, USA, sandstone and siltstone at the Alsea watershed in Oregon, USA, and basalt at the Los Gavilanes experimental watershed in Veracruz, Mexico. We also present a transparent comparison between our design and other portable bedrock drilling systems and outline the strengths and weaknesses of each system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

吉林临江地区早元古代老岭群叠加变形作用研究     

胡国巍 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1994,(1)

早元古代老岭群经历了三期构造变形，分别形成了三个特征各异的构造形迹组合。Ⅰ世代为层理榴皱组合，由斜卧诏皱、轴面片理和韧性剪切变形带组成；Ⅱ和Ⅲ世代为片理相皱组合，分别由各种位态的片理诏皱和轴面招劈理、膝折面理组合。Ⅰ、Ⅱ世代的原始构造线方位均为近南北向，为近共轴叠加，但固Ⅲ世代构造的改造，现今多变位为北东东向。Ⅰ世代构造形迹组合的特征显示老岭群的早期构造环境具有构造层次较深、以近水平韧性剪切变形作用为主导的特点。  相似文献   

多功能雾化室在ICP—AES中的应用研究     

吴联源  傅国民 《岩矿测试》1991,10(4):274-278

本文研究了一种多功能雾化室装置,以探索ICP-AES技术中溶液进样的新方式;并对雾化系统的主要参数进行测试,取得最佳的匹配条件。该雾化室装置包括旋流雾化、循环雾化和氢化-雾化等系统,可在同一操作条件下进行工作,适应多种分析的需要。并可任意选择合适的雾化射程来增强元素谱线强度的信背比和雾化的稳定性,以达到改善分析的精密度和检出限。  相似文献   

用第六代国际地磁参考场确定的东亚地磁非偶极场时空变化规律     

康国发 《地震地磁观测与研究》1994,15(5):38-43

利用近期公布的第六代国际地磁参考场（ＩＧＲＦ）计算，分析了１９４５年以来东亚地磁非偶极场的时空变化特征，并用中国地磁场模型对结果进行了检验，得到的主要结果是：１９４５－１９９０年，东亚地磁非偶极场Ｘ、Ｙ分量缓慢向北和向西方向移动，东亚磁异常中心位置基本稳定，中心附近Ｚ分量的强度变化具有明显的大约１５年左右的增强和减弱期。中心附近Ｘ、Ｙ的零值点的移动方向与地磁北极的移动方向一致。  相似文献   

无载气氢化物发生－石英缝管捕集原子吸收光谱法测定地质试样中的铋     

陈恒武  褚人才  吴德秀 《岩矿测试》1994,(4):298-301

文章介绍石英缝管原子捕集技术在氢化物－火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Ｂｉ中的应用。采用自制的无载气氢化物发生装置，对实验条件进行了最佳化。实验结果表明，原子捕集技术的应用使氢化物－火焰原子吸收法的灵敏度提高２．２倍；方法检出限（３σ）达２．５ｎｇ；２０ｎｇ／ｍｌＢｉ的标准溶液１０次测定的ＲＳＤ为２．９％。方法用于地质标样中微量Ｂｉ的测定，结果与推荐值符合。  相似文献   

Generation of Muscovite/ Two-Mica Granil and Intracontinental Subduction     

Deng Jinfu  Zhao Hailing  Lai Shaocong  Liu Houxiang  Luo Zhaohua 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1994,(1)

ＧｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭｕｓｃｏｖｉｔｅ／Ｔｗｏ－ＭｉｃａＧｒａｎｉｌａｎｄＩｎｔｒａｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌＳｕｂｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ￥ＤｅｎｇＪｉｎｆｕ；ＺｈａｏＨａｉｌｉｎｇ；ＬａｉＳｈａｏｃｏｎｇ；ＬｉｕＨｏｕｘｉａｎｇ；ＬｕｏＺｈａｏｈｕａ（Ｄｅ...  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗统大煤沟组七段烃源岩有机地球化学特征及生烃潜力   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘云田  杨少勇  胡凯  曹剑  边立曾  汪立群  陈琰 《高校地质学报》2007,13(4):703-713

柴达木盆地北缘地区在中侏罗世晚期,即大煤沟组七段(J2d7)时演化至最大湖侵期,发育了一套湖相泥页岩。通过对区内鱼卡煤矿井下样品的实测分析,结合先前报道的研究成果,确认了这套湖相泥页岩为优质烃源岩,藻类体、角质体和孢子体是这套源岩的主要生烃显微组分,有机质类型最好可达II1型。热演化研究表明,该套源岩在不同构造单元处于差异热演化阶段,既可生油亦可生气。虽然J2d7段烃源岩在平面上不同凹陷区具有一定的非均质性,但其生烃潜力,特别是在赛什腾—鱼卡凹陷地区,完全可与我国西北地区其它侏罗系优质烃源岩相媲美。长期以来,下侏罗统烃源岩被认为是柴北缘地区的主要油气源,J2d7段优质烃源岩的确认,对于深化柴北缘地区的油气勘探和地质研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Coarsening of three-dimensional structured and unstructured grids for subsurface flow     

Jørg Espen Aarnes  Vera Louise Hauge  Yalchin Efendiev 《Advances in water resources》2007

We present a generic, semi-automated algorithm for generating non-uniform coarse grids for modeling subsurface flow. The method is applicable to arbitrary grids and does not impose smoothness constraints on the coarse grid. One therefore avoids conventional smoothing procedures that are commonly used to ensure that the grids obtained with standard coarsening procedures are not too rough. The coarsening algorithm is very simple and essentially involves only two parameters that specify the level of coarsening. Consequently the algorithm allows the user to specify the simulation grid dynamically to fit available computer resources, and, e.g., use the original geomodel as input for flow simulations. This is of great importance since coarse grid-generation is normally the most time-consuming part of an upscaling phase, and therefore the main obstacle that has prevented simulation workflows with user-defined resolution. We apply the coarsening algorithm to a series of two-phase flow problems on both structured (Cartesian) and unstructured grids. The numerical results demonstrate that one consistently obtains significantly more accurate results using the proposed non-uniform coarsening strategy than with corresponding uniform coarse grids with roughly the same number of cells.  相似文献