遥感影像解译样本的一体化生产研究     

杨珍  张永志  张文军  焦佳爽 《测绘工程》2016,25(7)

遥感影像解译样本数据包括地面照片和遥感影像实例,是制作遥感影像解译样本数据库的基础资料。文中针对地理国情普查中遥感影像解译样本的采集、整理进行了研究,通过利用GEOWAY地理国情普查外业调绘核查软件完成遥感影像解译样本的采集、整理,实现了解译样本的一体化生产流程,并与传统的纸质调绘、PDA数字调绘进行对比分析,充分证明解译样本的一体化生产流程自动化程度高,减少了人力、物力,提高了生产效率。  相似文献   

气象卫星发展回顾与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢乃锰  谷松岩 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):832-841

回顾了国际气象卫星和中国风云气象卫星的发展,综述了气象卫星在图像解译、定量产品应用和数据同化方面的成就以及辐射校正技术的进步。围绕大气科学,特别是数值天气预报对天基观测的需求,展望了未来气象卫星的技术发展方向。  相似文献   

北京地区对流层延迟模型的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨汀  张筱  宋福成  陈宜金 《测绘科学》2016,41(4):165-170

针对气象参数具有时空特性导致全球导航卫星系统测量精度不高的问题,该文探讨了北京地区对流层延迟模型建立的方法。使用2012年探空气象数据,基于最小二乘法拟合出北京地区气压、温度、露点温度随高程变化的关系式,建立了3层干延迟折射率模型、2层湿延迟折射率模型及天顶延迟折射率模型(BJ模型);采用Bernese软件,将BJ模型与Saastamoinen模型和Hopfield模型进行精度比较,结果表明BJ模型的残差均值及均方根均优于传统模型;同时,以1月份和7月份的BJ模型为例计算得出的区域模型适用于不同年份。  相似文献   

投影寻踪门限自回归模型在海洋冰情预测中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

金菊良  魏一鸣  付强  丁晶 《海洋预报》2002,19(4):60-66

为预测海洋冰情时序这类非线性动力系统，提出了投影寻踪门限自回归（PPTAR）模型。用自相关分析技术确定预测因子，构造了新的投影指标函数，用门限回归（TR）模型描述投影值与预测对象间的非线性关系，并用实码加速遣传算法优化投影指标函数和TR模型参数。实例的计算结果表明，用PPTAR模型预测海洋冰情时序是可行和有效的，PPTAR模型简便，适用性强，克服了目前投影寻踪方法计算量大，编程实现困难的缺点，有助于投影寻踪方法的推广应用。为解决非线性时序复杂预测问题提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

Wasp-waist populations and marine ecosystem dynamics: Navigating the “predator pit” topographies     

Andrew Bakun 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,68(2-4):271

Many marine ecosystems exhibit a characteristic “wasp-waist” structure, where a single species, or at most several species, of small planktivorous fishes entirely dominate their trophic level. These species have complex life histories that result in radical variability that may propagate to both higher and lower trophic levels of the ecosystem. In addition, these populations have two key attributes: (1) they represent the lowest trophic level that is mobile, so they are capable of relocating their area of operation according to their own internal dynamics; (2) they may prey upon the early life stages of their predators, forming an unstable feedback loop in the trophic system that may, for example, precipitate abrupt regime shifts. Experience with the typical “boom-bust” dynamics of this type of population, and with populations that interact trophically with them, suggests a “predator pit” type of dynamics. This features a refuge from predation when abundance is very low, very destructive predation between an abundance level sufficient to attract interest from predators and an abundance level sufficient to satiate available predators, and, as abundance increases beyond this satiation point, decreasing specific predation mortality and population breakout. A simple formalism is developed to describe these dynamics. Examples of its application include (a) a hypothetical mechanism for progressive geographical habitat expansion at high biomass, (b) an explanation for the out-of-phase alternations of abundances of anchovies and sardines in many regional systems that appear to occur without substantial adverse interactions between the two species groups, and (c) an account of an interaction of environmental processes and fishery exploitation that caused a regime shift. The last is the example of the Baltic Sea, where the cod resource collapsed in concert with establishment of dominance of that ecosystem by the cod’s ‘wasp-waist” prey, herring and sprat.  相似文献   

Hydroelastic responses and drift forces of a very-long floating structure equipped with a pin-connected oscillating-water-column breakwater system     

D.C. Hong  S.Y. Hong 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(5-6):696-708

The hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure (VLFS) in waves connected to a floating oscillating-water-column (OWC) breakwater system by a pin are analyzed by making use of the modal expansion method in two dimensions. The Bernoulli–Euler beam equation for the VLFS is coupled with the equations of motions of the breakwater taking account of the geometric and dynamic boundary conditions at the pin. The Legendre polynomials are employed as admissible functions representing the assumed modes of the VLFS with pinned-free-boundary conditions. It has been shown numerically that the deflections, bending moments and shear forces of the VLFS in waves can be reduced significantly by a pin-connected OWC breakwater. The time-mean horizontal drift forces of the VLFS equipped with the breakwater calculated by the near-field method are also presented.  相似文献   

渤、黄、东海潮汐开边界的1种反演方法   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吕咸青  吴自库  殷忠斌  田纪伟 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(2):165-172

潮汐潮流数值模拟中的 1个主要难点在于开边界条件的确定。本文采用伴随方法 ,利用渤、黄、东海的 64个验潮站资料 (潮汐调和常数 ) ,通过反演渤、黄、东海的开边界条件 ,来实现渤、黄、东海 M2 潮波的数值模拟。为了取得较好的数值模拟结果 ,同时对给定的底摩擦系数进行校正 ,计算出调和常数的模拟值与实测值之差的绝对平均值 :振幅差为 4 .0 cm,迟角差为 2 .5°。实验结果较好地体现了渤、黄、东海 M2 潮波的特征。  相似文献   

Wave-induced seabed response analysis by radial point interpolation meshless method     

J. G. Wang  Bingyin Zhang  T. Nogami 《Ocean Engineering》2004,31(1):21-42

Wave-induced transient response of seabeds is numerically analyzed through a radial point interpolation meshless method (radial PIM). The Biot’s consolidation theory is employed and incorporated with virtual boundary conditions to describe this wave-induced transient response of the seabed. Displacement and pore water pressure are spatially discretized by the radial PIM with the same shape function. Compactly supported basis functions are proposed to obtain a banded system equation. Because the radial PIM passes through all nodal points within an influence domain, essential boundary conditions as well as virtual boundary conditions can be easily implemented at local level. Fully implicit integration scheme is used in time domain to avoid spurious ripple effect. The proposed algorithm is assessed through the comparison of numerical results with closed-form solution or finite element solutions.  相似文献   

Atmospheric input of anthropogenic phosphorus to the northwest mediterranean under oligotrophic conditions     

C. Migon  V. Sandroni  J. -P. Bthoux 《Marine environmental research》2001,52(5):413-426

Phosphorus (P) concentration in the atmospheric aerosol was measured at a northwestern Mediterranean coastal site. Airborne P ranged between 25 and 85 ng m(-3) (geometric mean: 51 ng m(-3)). Due to a significant contribution (about 90%) of anthropogenic land-based source emissions, dry deposition velocities of 0.1-0.5 cm s(-1) were used to estimate a dry flux of 0.15-0.7 micromol P m(-2) day(-1). The theoretical impact of the dry flux on primary production (0.1-0.4 mg C m(-2) day(-1)) is 50-200-fold lower than that of a single significant wet event. The incineration plant of the Nice district is identified as a possible major source of airborne anthropogenic P. As the implementation of waste plants is currently expanding along the western European shores, the importance of the P atmospheric source to the western Mediterranean is likely to increase with time.  相似文献   

Improvement on open boundaries on a time dependent numerical model of wave propagation in the nearshore region     

F. S. B. F. Oliveira   《Ocean Engineering》2001,28(1)

An improvement on the simulation of outgoing waves on a time dependent numerical model for water wave propagation in the nearshore region is presented. The governing equations consist of a system of first order partial differential equations (PDEs), the equation of continuity and the equation of motion. A comparative study of first order radiation boundary conditions (BCs) and first order radiation BCs combined with sponge layers is presented for cases where outgoing waves leave the numerical domain of calculation through the open boundary. A reduction of spurious reflections from the numerical open boundaries can be obtained with an irrelevant increase in terms of computational cost.  相似文献