Gas hazard assessment in a densely inhabited area of Colli Albani Volcano (Cava dei Selci, Roma)     

M. L. Carapezza  B. Badalamenti  L. Cavarra  A. Scalzo 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(1-2):81

The northwestern flank of the Colli Albani, a Quaternary volcanic complex near Rome, is characterised by high pCO₂ values and Rn activities in the groundwater and by the presence of zones with strong emission of gas from the soil. The most significant of these zones is Cava dei Selci where many houses are located very near to the gas emission site. The emitted gas consists mainly of CO₂ (up to 98 vol%) with an appreciable content of H₂S (0.8–2%). The He and C isotopic composition indicates, as for all fluids associated with the Quaternary Roman and Tuscany volcanic provinces, the presence of an upper mantle component contaminated by crustal fluids associated with subducted sediments and carbonates. An advective CO₂ flux of 37 tons/day has been estimated from the gas bubbles rising to the surface in a small drainage ditch and through a stagnant water pool, present in the rainy season in a topographically low central part of the area. A CO₂ soil flux survey with an accumulation chamber, carried out in February–March 2000 over a 12 000 m² surface with 242 measurement points, gave a total (mostly conductive) flux of 61 tons/day. CO₂ soil flux values vary by four orders of magnitude over a 160-m distance and by one order of magnitude over several metres. A fixed network of 114 points over 6350 m² has been installed in order to investigate temporal flux variations. Six surveys carried out from May 2000 to June 2001 have shown large variations of the total CO₂ soil flux (8–25 tons/day). The strong emission of CO₂ and H₂S, which are gases denser than air, produces dangerous accumulations in low areas which have caused a series of lethal accidents to animals and one to a man. The gas hazard near the houses has been assessed by continuously monitoring the CO₂ and H₂S concentration in the air at 75 cm from the ground by means of two automatic stations. Certain environmental parameters (wind direction and speed; atm P, T, humidity and rainfall) were also continuously recorded. At both stations, H₂S and CO₂ exceeded by several times the recommended concentration thresholds. The highest CO₂ and H₂S values were recorded always with wind speeds less than 1.5 m/s, mostly in the night hours. Our results indicate that there is a severe gas hazard for people living near the gas emission site of Cava dei Selci, and appropriate precautionary and prevention measures have been recommended both to residents and local authorities.  相似文献   

沁水盆地3#煤层气井三维数值模拟     

骆祖江 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(4):509-513

在建立沁水盆地3#煤层气井煤层气运移产出地质概念模型的基础上，采用Langmuir等温吸附定律，Fick第一定律和多相渗流理论建立了与之相适应的三维数学模型，并通过历史拟合计算，校正、识别了模型中的有关重要参数，预测了3#煤层气井单井开采及井网优化开采时的气、水产量。  相似文献   

热成因甲烷碳同位素分布的形成机制   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

关平  伍天洪 《沉积学报》2003,21(1):175-182

很多学者从不同的角度用不同的方法模拟了从有机母质 (包括煤和干酪根等气源 )形成天然气 (甲烷 )时的碳同位素分馏效应 ,建立了碳同位素分馏效应的很多模型 ,同时也讨论了催化作用和成烃后作用对天然气碳同位素的影响。但这些理论模型和模拟实验结果都还不能完全地拟合自然界中热成因甲烷碳同位素的分布 ,也未能从本质上完全阐明其碳同位素的分馏机制。其原因是各种模型的前提假设都未能完全满足复杂的自然界条件。今后工作的重点应放在用化学动力学的方法建立更完善的模型上 ,同时也应当重点考虑催化作用和成烃后作用对天然气同位素的影响。  相似文献   

Investigations on distributions and fluxes of sea-air CO_2 of the expedition areas in the Arctic Ocean   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王伟强  陈立奇  杨绪林  黄宣宝 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(6):569-579

揋reenhouse effect?causing global warming has been an important issue of studying climate change. In the latest 100 years, the earth surface temperature has been increased by about 0.4℃—0.8℃[1,2]. And this has been becoming a hotspot of the world[3,4]  相似文献   

祁连山-黑河流域水循环中的大气过程   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

王可丽  程国栋  江灏  张立杰 《水科学进展》2003,14(1):91-97

利用气象台站探空资料、地面观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析气候资料,分析了祁连山-黑河流域水循环中的大气过程,结果表明:受西风带波动影响的水汽来源贫乏是此区大气水汽含量少的原因之一;水汽输送通量辐散是此区大气水汽含量少的原因之二;就年平均而言,祁连山-黑河流域大气水汽含量仅为高湿的江南地区的20%,为半干旱区的华北中部的约40%;高海拔的祁连山区因降水效率高,地面蒸发量小,地表水物质易于聚积形成径流;黑河流域因降水效率低,降水量值与地面蒸发量值相当,对地表水的贡献很小。在祁连山黑河流域25°×25°区域上空,大气年输入水量为6678亿m3,输出为6502亿m3,净输入水量为176亿m3;输入水汽呈逐年减少的趋势。20世纪70～80年代有明显的下降,近40年来祁连山黑河流域的气温在升高,大气中的水汽含量在减少,降水量的减少将难以避免。  相似文献   

垃圾填埋场设计中的若干问题研究--以襄樊洪山头填埋场为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张季如 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(4):42-45

襄樊市洪山头垃圾填埋场投资和建设周期均受控于压实粘土坝和渗滤液与沼气收集系统两个关键因素,技术难度大。基于有限元分析结果确定土坝边坡的最佳坡度,采用土工格栅加筋土和包裹式坡面结构新技术加固坝体边坡。介绍一种收集管设置在砾石盲沟内的渗滤液与沼气收集系统,该系统的渗滤液收集和防淤塞能力强,可有效防止收集管弯曲和断裂。  相似文献   

安阳市小南海泉流量减小的原因分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

宋丽红  张国建  李坷凌 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(4):86-89

小南海泉是河南省安阳市工农业及生活用水的主要水源之一。由于自然因素及人为因素的影响,泉水流量呈逐年递减趋势。作者利用均衡法对小南海泉域的地下水资源进行计算,根据计算结果进行分析,指出导致泉水流量减少的主要原因,并对小南海泉的保护提出了合理化建议。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河东河西矿区煤层气储层特征     

李小彦钟铃文  李瑞明王正华陈新尉  尹淮新 《中国煤田地质》2003,15(5):19-21

乌鲁木齐河东河西矿区早-中侏罗纪富煤带,聚集着丰富的煤层气资源,笔者通过对该区煤层气赋存的地质条件、储层特征、资源量、煤层气保存条件的专门研究,评价出了有利区块,为下一步煤层气勘探提供了依据。本文主要通过实际采样测试,对该区煤储层的含气性、吸附性、孔隙结构、渗透性等进行了系统研究,探讨本区煤层气有利于勘探开发的储层条件。  相似文献   

The abnormal pressure regime of the Pennsylvanian No. 8 coalbed methane reservoir in Liulin–Wupu District, Eastern Ordos Basin, China     

Xianbo Su  Liping Zhang  Ruilin Zhang 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2003,53(4):227-239

Coalbed methane reservoir pressure is an important parameter used to assess the producibility of coalbed methane wells. Practices indicate that high production of coalbed methane well is partly related closely to abnormally high pressure. Permo-Carboniferous coalbed methane resources are very abundant in the Liulin–Wupu District, Eastern Ordos Basin, which has been the highlight of coalbed methane exploration in China in recent years. In this district, the abnormally high pressure is present locally in the Pennsylvanian No. 8 coalbed methane reservoir (the Taiyuan Formation). Based on the distribution of the abnormally high pressure, burial history, hydrocarbon generation, hydrodynamics, and sealing regimes, the authors suggest that the abnormal coalbed methane reservoir pressure is related closely to local hydrodynamic trapping. The gas generated during the qualification is preserved, owing to the confinement of lower permeable roof and floor rock layers, and water trapping in the updip direction (like the “fairway” in San Juan Basin). As a result of pressure reconstruction event, the abnormally high pressure is formed during the uplifting stage. The current coalbed methane wells with high production are always located in abnormally high pressure areas. Therefore, the areas with abnormally high pressure in Liulin–Wupu District can be the preferred areas for commercial coalbed methane development.  相似文献   

粘性土-砂井地基单井固结模型的改进     

杨顺安  吴剑  刘昌辉 《水文地质工程地质》2003,(Z1)

单井固结模型的计算中通常将砂井周围土体简单划分为涂抹区和非涂抹区,不符合实际砂井周围土体的渗透系数分布复杂的事实。本文在Terzaghi固结理论的基础上提出了改进的单井固结模型,以一个待定参数流量系数Cq取代涂抹区和非涂抹区渗透系数来刻画砂井周围土体的横向渗透性特征,使单井固结问题得到高度简化又不失严密性。本文将改进模型用于非完整砂井单井固结的最终沉降量的数值计算,并将计算结果与谢康和改进法以及Hart法的解析解进行了比较,证明了改进模型数值解的可靠性。  相似文献