Stochastic Branching Models of Fault Surfaces and Estimated Fractal Dimensions     

Eric Libicki  Yehuda Ben-Zion 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(6-7):1077-1111

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Response spectral attenuation relationships for Sumatran-subduction earthquakes and the seismic hazard implications to Singapore and Kuala Lumpur   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kusnowidjaja Megawati  Tso-Chien Pan  Kazuki Koketsu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(1):11-25

Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, may well represent the classic examples of area with low seismic hazard but with high consequence. Both cities are located in a low-seismicity region of Southeast Asia, where active seismic sources are located more than 300 km away. Seismic designs have not been implemented in this seemingly low-hazard region though distant earthquakes in Sumatra had frequently shaken high-rise structures in the two cities. Several studies have been conducted to systematically assess the seismic hazards of Singapore and the Malay Peninsula. The present research particularly addresses issues in deriving a new set of attenuation relationships of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV) and response spectral acceleration (RSA) for the Sumatran-subduction earthquakes. To be relevant for the seismic hazard assessment of the remote metropolises, the derived attenuation relationships cover a long distance range from 150 to 1500 km. The attenuation relationships are derived using synthetic seismograms that account for source and path effects. The uncertainties in rupture parameters, such as stress drop, strike, dip and rake angles, have been defined according to the regional geological and tectonic settings as well as the ruptures of previous earthquakes. The seismic potential of the Sumatran subduction zone are high in the region from 2°N to 5°S as there has been no recurrence of great thrust events since 1861. A large event with M_w greater than 7.8 in this particular subduction zone may be capable of generating destructive ground motions in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, even at a distance of 700 km.  相似文献   

A Public Health Issue Related To Collateral Seismic Hazards: The Valley Fever Outbreak Triggered By The 1994 Northridge, California Earthquake     

Randall W. Jibson 《Surveys in Geophysics》2002,23(6):511-528

Following the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California earthquake (M = 6.7), Ventura County, California, experienced a major outbreak ofcoccidioidomycosis (CM), commonly known as valley fever, a respiratory disease contracted byinhaling airborne fungal spores. In the 8 weeks following the earthquake (24 Januarythrough 15 March), 203 outbreak-associated cases were reported, which is about an order of magnitude more than the expected number of cases, and three of these cases were fatal.Simi Valley, in easternmost Ventura County, had the highest attack rate in the county,and the attack rate decreased westward across the county. The temporal and spatial distribution of CM cases indicates that the outbreak resulted from inhalation of spore-contaminated dust generated by earthquake-triggered landslides. Canyons North East of Simi Valleyproduced many highly disrupted, dust-generating landslides during the earthquake andits aftershocks. Winds after the earthquake were from the North East, which transporteddust into Simi Valley and beyond to communities to the West. The three fatalities from the CM epidemic accounted for 4 percent of the total earthquake-related fatalities.  相似文献   

Engineering assessment of seismic hazard and long period ground motions at the Bolu Viaduct Site following the November 1999 earthquake     

Ezio Faccioli  Roberto Paolucci  Vera Pessina 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(3):307-327

The M_w 7.1 earthquake of November 12, 1999 severely damageda 2.5 km long viaduct on a stretch under construction of theIstanbul-Ankara motorway, 18 km W of Bolu. The fault rupture crossedthe viaduct with an observed offset close to 1.5 m; the viaduct decksuffered large permanent displacements but did not collapse.Seismic hazard at the site appears to be governed by characteristicearthquakes occurring every few hundred years both on the Düzce faultand on the main stretch of North Anatolian fault (NAF). Smaller activefaults near the site also contribute to the hazard.We investigate how a reliable design response spectrum of displacement canbe constructed for the viaduct site using both probabilistic and deterministictools. After checking the applicability of known attenuation relations againstrecorded data, we illustrate a hazard analysis that incorporates acharacteristic earthquake model for the relevant faults, and accounts forstatistical directivity effects on the Düzce fault. Constant-risk responsespectra up to 3 s are thus obtained for different return periods. Syntheticmotions at the site are generated next, using a known source model, inorder to explore the features of the displacement response spectrum atvibration periods in the range between 1s and 6 s, in which the dominantresponse of the viaduct deck, uncoupled from the piers, occurs. Adiscussion of results follows.  相似文献   

Large earthquakes initiate by the acceleration of slips on the downward extensions of seismogenic faults     

Yoshihisa Iio  Yoji KobayashiTakashi Tada 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,202(2):337-343

In order to examine the relationship between anomalous crustal deformations and subsequent large earthquakes, we compiled and examined data on preseismic anomalous crustal deformations for two earthquakes that occurred in and around the Japanese Islands in recent years. We found that the slip on a downward extension of a seismogenic fault accelerates before the main shock and that the average slip velocity is inversely proportional to the time remaining until the main shock occurs.  相似文献   

Reassessment of earthquakes, 1900–1999, in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East     

N. N. Ambraseys 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,145(2):471-485

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The 1998 March 14 Fandoqa earthquake (M_w 6.6) in Kerman province, southeast Iran: re‐rupture of the 1981 Sirch earthquake fault, triggering of slip on adjacent thrusts and the active tectonics of the Gowk fault zone     

M. Berberian  J. A Jackson  E. Fielding  B. E Parsons  K. Priestley  M. Qorashi  M. Talebian  R. Walker  T. J Wright  C.  Baker 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,146(2):371-398

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Regional GPS data confirm high strain accumulation prior to the 2000 June 4 M_w= 7.8 earthquake at southeast Sumatra     

G. W. Michel  M. Becker  Ch. Reigber  R. Tibi  Y. Q. Yu  S. Y. Zhu 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,146(3):571-582

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地震孕育后期的电磁辐射及其相关效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

熊皓 《地震地磁观测与研究》2001,22(1):1-8

震前电磁辐射及其相关效应是近20多年来探索研究的一个新领域。由于它对强震的短临预报可能提供重要的前兆信息，对攻克地震预报这一关系人类生存发展的世界难题有着重大的意义，在国际上已受到地震预测、地球物理及无线电物理等领域科技工作者的广泛关注。本文结合作者自己的研究，介绍了本领域问题的现状和前景；并以此作为抛砖引玉，希望有关领域的科技工作者共同关注这一重要交叉学科领域的探索研究。  相似文献   

1976年唐山地震成因解释的一个新模式   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王健 《地震学报》2001,23(5):552-557

指出已有对唐山地震成因解释的不足，综合分析了唐山地震前后的地震现象．认为唐山及周围地区1973～1975年ML4地震密集，而同一时空范围内３级和２级地震并不活跃是最为显著的地震活动特征，并认为这一特征应与区域高应力及地壳介质相对较为完整这一物理实质相对应．假定中国大陆周边的强震活动大体上反映着相应板块对中国大陆作用的强弱，推论20世纪70年代华北地区存在多个动力过程，为唐山地震提供了最基本的力源．进而提出多动力过程和地壳局部弱化模式，以解释唐山地震的成因．这一模式能够较好地解释与唐山地震有关的诸多地震现象．   相似文献