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Vegetation, microclimate, seedling frequency, freezing tolerance, and cold acclimation were compared for seedlings of Artemisia tridentata collected from 1775, 2175, and 2575 m elevation in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Data were used to test the hypothesis that ecotypic differences in stress physiology are important for seedling survival along gradients from desert to montane ecosystems. The vegetation canopy cover and A. tridentata seedling frequency were greatest at 2575 m, compared to 1775 and 2175 m. Snow cover ameliorated temperatures near the soil surface for part of the winter and depth varied across elevations. Freezing tolerance was compared for seedlings maintained in growth chambers at day/night air temperatures of 25°C/15°C. The temperature at which electrolyte leakage and Photosystem II function (FV/FM) from leaves were half-maximum was approximately −13·5°C for leaves of seedlings from all three elevations. Shifting day/night air temperatures from 25°C/15°C to 15°C/5°C initiated about 1·5° of acclimation by plants from all three altitudes, with seedlings from the highest elevation exhibiting the greatest acclimation change. Measurements of ambient air and canopy temperatures at the three elevations indicated that wintertime average low temperatures were consistent with the measured degree of freezing tolerance. At small spatial scales used in this study, pollen and seed dispersal between study sites may have precluded resolution of ecotypic differences. Patterns of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation may depend on a combination of mesoclimate and microclimate temperatures, canopy cover, snow depth, and snow melt patterns. 相似文献
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Microcoleus vaginatus isolated from a desert algal crust of Shapotou was cultured in BG-11 medium containing 0.2 mol l−1 NaCl or 0.2 mol l−1 NaCl plus 100 mg l−1 sucrose, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) or hot water-soluble polysaccharides (HWP), respectively. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates, photosystem II activity (Fv/Fm) and dark respiration of NaCl-stressed cells were enhanced significantly by the added sucrose or EPS under salt stress conditions (0.2 mol l−1 NaCl). Compared with cells treated with salt alone, sodium contents in cells reduced significantly; the content of cellular total carbohydrate did not change, and intracellular sucrose, water-soluble sugar increased significantly following the addition of exogenous carbohydrates. Sucrose synthase (SS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of sucrose, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of NaCl-stressed cells increased following the addition of exogenous sucrose, EPS or HWP compared with cells stressed with NaCl only. The results suggested that the extruded EPS might be re-absorbed by cells of M. vaginatus as carbon source, they could increase salt tolerance of M. vaginatus through the changes of carbohydrate metabolism and the selective uptake of sodium ions. 相似文献
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山东胶莱盆地构造变形及形成演化——以王氏群和大盛群变形分析为例 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
胶莱盆地是形成于中生代晚侏罗世的陆相盆地,构造变形较为复杂。在野外断裂构造变形观测的基础上,结合年代学数据和地层沉积序列,确立了胶莱盆地白垩纪的变形演化历史。总体上,胶莱盆地在形成和演化过程中沉积了3套地层,经历了多个构造变形阶段。其中,发生在白垩纪的变形阶段主要有:(1)早白垩世早期,鲁东地区受区域近E—W向引张应力场控制,胶莱盆地发生大规模的火山喷发,喷发间歇期沉积了大盛群;早白垩世晚期,受强烈的区域性NW—SE向挤压,胶莱盆地褶皱回返。(2)晚白垩世早期,在区域近S—N向引张应力作用下,诸城断陷盆地发育,王氏群沉积;晚白垩世晚期,胶莱盆地受区域性NE—SW向挤压,导致王氏群褶皱变形。 相似文献
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