Flows within the Ekman layer during spin-up of a thermally stratified fluid     

Jae Min Hyun 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):65-79

Abstract

Finite-difference numerical solutions were obtained to present the flow and temperature field details within the transient Ekman layer during spin-up of a thermally stratified fluid in a cylinder. This complements the earlier studies on stratified spin-up which examined the flows in the interior core region. As the stratification increases, the following changes in the flow field are noticeable. The radial velocity in the Ekman layer decreases in magnitude. The azimuthal flows adjust smoothly from the interior region to the endwall boundary, and the Ekman layer in the azimuthal flow field fades. Vertical motions are inhibited, resulting in a weakened Ekman pumping. The axial vorticity field behaves similarly to the azimuthal flows. The temperature deviation from the equilibrium profile decreases, and the heat transfer flux from the endwall to the fluid decreases. The thickness of the thermal layer is larger than the velocity layer thickness. Illustrative comparisons of the relative sizes of the terms in the governing equations are conducted in order to assess the stratification effect in the adjustment process of the fluid.  相似文献   

Developing the tools for geological shape analysis,with regional‐ to local‐scale examples from the Kalgoorlie Terrane of Western Australia     

S. J. Gardoll  D. I. Groves  C. M. Knox-Robinson  G. Y. Yun  N. Elliott 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):943-953

Geological map data are often underused in mineral‐exploration programs, which rely increasingly on regolith geochemistry and geophysical and other remotely sensed data to generate exploration targets. However, solid geology maps, which are progressively being upgraded due to improved interpretations of superior, remotely sensed images and airborne geophysical data, can be useful in targeting specific types of mineral deposits, which formed late in the evolutionary history of the host terrane. In such terranes, the present map geometry is essentially the same as that at the time of deposit formation. This is the case for orogenic lode‐gold deposits, which commonly show predictable structural controls and/or structural geometry. Thus, the shape of a rock body, or combinations of structures and rock bodies, may provide an important guide to the exploration potential for orogenic lode‐gold deposits. However, until recently, there has been a dearth of techniques to quantify the various properties of shape, and hence test the potential of the two‐dimensional shape of geological bodies in map view as an exploration tool. Integrating techniques from the field of pattern recognition with a modern Geographical Information System (GIS) can provide the shape‐analysis tools required to investigate the geometries of geological shapes. Two‐dimensional shape analysis is now possible through the calculation of several shape metrics including, but not restricted to, aspect ratio, blockiness, elongation, compactness, complexity, roundness, spreadness and squareness. Methods are developed for describing the geometries of rock units about mineral deposits, or any geological features, at any scale, which for the first time makes it possible to compare shapes. These shape‐analysis techniques are tested using orogenic lode‐gold deposits, particularly those in the Kalgoorlie Terrane of the highly auriferous Late Archaean Norseman‐Wiluna Belt of Western Australia. On a global scale, shape analysis indicates that those greenstone belts whose volcanic rock sequences have high elongation and relative low roundness, complexity and aspect ratio (e.g. Kalgoorlie Terrane) are likely to be the most richly endowed in gold. On a more local scale, characteristics of the shape of geological features around the Golden Mile deposit are calculated and used to test the likelihood of occurrence of gold deposits with similar geometry elsewhere in the Kalgoorlie Terrane. The area with the most closely matching shape, on the basis of a 2 km clipping‐circle radius, chosen on the basis of available proximity‐analysis data, corresponds to the recently discovered Ghost Crab deposit, illustrating the potential of the shape analysis methodology in mineral exploration. Shape analysis is, at least in part, scale dependent, due to the inherent problem of being able to define rock boundaries more precisely in units that have strong geophysical signatures than those with weak signatures in poorly exposed terranes. Overcoming this problem is a challenge to the application of this methodology.  相似文献   

Petrology and geothermobarometry of granulite facies metapelites from the Hisøy-Torungen area, south Norway: new data on the Sveconorvegian P–T–t path of the Bamble sector     

T.-L. KNUDSEN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1996,14(3):267-287

ABSTRACT The high-grade rocks (metapelite, quartzite, metagabbro) of the Hisøy-Torungen area represent the south-westernmost exposures of granulites in the Proterozoic Bamble sector, south Norway. The area is isoclinally folded and a metamorphic P–T–t path through four successive stages (M1-M4) is recognized. Petrological evidence for a prograde metamorphic event (M1) is obtained from relict staurolite + chlorite + albite, staurolite + hercynite + ilmenite, cordierite + sillimanite, fine-grained felsic material + quartz and hercynite + biotite ± sillimanite within metapelitic garnet. The phase relations are consistent with a pressure of 3.6 ± 0.5 kbar and temperatures up to 750–850°C. M1 is connected to the thermal effect of the gabbroic intrusions prior to the main (M2) Sveconorwegian granulite facies metamorphism. The main M2 granulite facies mineral assemblages (quartz+ plagioclase + K-feldspar + garnet + biotite ± sillimanite) are best preserved in the several-metre-wide Al-rich metapelites, which represent conditions of 5.9–9.1 kbar and 790–884°C. These P–T conditions are consistent with a temperature increase of 80–100°C relative to the adjacent amphibolite facies terranes. No accompanying pressure variations are recorded. Up to 1-mm-wide fine-grained felsic veinlets appear in several units and represent remnants of a former melt formed by the reaction: Bt + Sil + Qtz→Grt + lq. This dehydration reaction, together with the absence of large-scale migmatites in the area, suggests a very reduced water activity in the rocks and XH₂O = 0.25 in the C–O–H fluid system was calculated for a metapelitic unit. A low but variable water activity can best explain the presence or absence of fine-grained felsic material representing a former melt in the different granulitic metapelites. The strongly peraluminous composition of the felsic veinlets is due to the reaction: Grt +former melt ± Sil→Crd + Bt ± Qtz + H₂O, which has given poorly crystalline cordierite aggregates intergrown with well-crystalline biotite. The cordierite- and biotite-producing reaction constrains a steep first-stage retrograde (relative to M2) uplift path. Decimetre- to metre-wide, strongly banded metapelites (quartz + plagioclase + biotite + garnet ± sillimanite) inter-layered with quartzites are retrograded to (M3) amphibolite facies assemblages. A P–T estimate of 1.7–5.6 kbar, 516–581°C is obtained from geothermobarometry based on rim-rim analyses of garnet–biotite–plagioclase–sillimanite–quartz assemblages, and can be related to the isoclinal folding of the rocks. M4 greenschist facies conditions are most extensively developed in millimetre-wide chlorite-rich, calcite-bearing veins cutting the foliation.  相似文献   

SOHM型氢钟在国家授时中心的运行情况分析     

刘春侠  王正明 《时间频率学报》2006,29(2):142-150

上海天文台研制的型号为SOHM-3和SOHM-4的3台氢原子钟在中国科学院国家授时中心(NTSC)已经运行了一年多时间。收集了每个氢原子钟与NTSC主钟的时间比对数据。数据的分析结果给出了这几台氢钟在不同采样间隔上的频率稳定度,也显示出1台氢钟明显的相位跳变,讨论了这种相位跳变的原因。比较了这3台氢钟和从美国进口的Symmetricom公司制造的氢钟的频率稳定度的温度变化效应,指出了上海天文台研究制的氢钟存在的主要问题。  相似文献   

Stability of Hamiltonian Systems with Three Degrees of Freedom and the Three Body-Problem     

José Edmundo Mansilla 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,94(3):249-269

Results are obtained about formal stability and instability of Hamiltonian systems with three degrees of freedom, two equal frequencies and the matrix of the linear part is not diagonalizable, in terms of the coefficients of the development in Taylor series of the Hamiltonian of the system. The results are applied to the study of stability of the Lagrangian solutions of the Three Body-Problem in the case in which the center of mass is over the curve ρ_*, on the border of the region of linear stability of Routh. The curve ρ_* is divided symmetrically in three arcs in such a way that if the center of mass of the three particles lies on the central arc, the Lagrangian solution is unstable in the sense of Liapunov (in finite order), while if the center of mass determines one point that lies on one of the other two arcs of ρ_*, then the Lagrangian solution is formally stable.  相似文献   

Weak stability boundary trajectories for the deployment of lunar spacecraft constellations     

Christian Circi  Paolo Teofilatto 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,95(1-4):371-390

Suitable lunar constellation coverage can be obtained by separating the satellites in inclinations and node angles. It is shown in the paper that a relevant saving of velocity variation ΔV can be achieved using weak stability boundary trajectories. The weakly stable dynamics of such transfers allows the separation of the satellites from the nominal orbit to the required orbit planes with a small amount of ΔV. This paper also shows that only one different set of orbital parameters at Moon can be reached with the same ΔV manoeuvre starting from a nominal trajectory and ending at a fixed periselenium altitude. In fact, such a feature is proved to be common to other simpler dynamical systems, such as the two- and three-body problems.  相似文献   

The integrable cases of the planetary three-body problem at first-order resonance     

V. N. Shinkin 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1993,55(3):249-259

This paper investigates the stability of the motion in the averaged planar general three-body problem in the case of first-order resonance. The equations of the averaged motion of bodies near the resonance surface is obtained and is analytically integrated by quadratures. The stability of the averaged motion is analytically investigated in relation to the semi-major axes, the eccentricities and the resonance phases. An autonomous second-order equation is obtained for the deviation of semiaxes from the resonance surface. This equation has an energy integral and is analytically integrated by quadratures. The quasi-periodic dependence on time with two-frequency basis of the averaged motion of bodies is found. The basic frequencies are analytically calculated. With the help of the mean functionals calculated along integral curves of the averaged problem the new analytic first integrals are constructed with coefficients periodic in time. The analytic conditions of librations of resonance phases are obtained.  相似文献   

非线性Lyapunov稳定性及Stern''''s Modons的稳定性判据     

罗德海 《成都信息工程学院学报》1993,(4)

本文在构造正压大气运动的浅水波模式的Hamilton守恒量和积分不变的Casimir泛函的基础上,建立了一个积分不变的Lyapunov函数,通过使用变分法,找出了正压旋转流体运动的非线性Lyapunov稳定性判据,并进一步讨论了Stern's Modons的稳定性。  相似文献   

桂北江南古陆南缘拗褶带中铅锌矿产成矿信息特征及预测标志     

王全明  王平安  方一平 《南方国土资源》1993,(2)

本文通过研究与总结前人成果基础上.对桂北江南古陆南缘拗褶带中铅锌矿进行成矿预测。文中侧重探讨了该带的成矿环境、典型矿床特征、控矿因素和地球物理、地球化学特征;综合地、物、化成矿信息.总结提出了7 条成矿预测标志:采用特征分析法对该带中的19个成矿单元进行资源定性预测评价,认为其铅锌矿资源潜力较大,有找矿前景。  相似文献   

The Wiener–Levinson algorithm and ill-conditioned normal equations     

R. J. O'Dowd 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,106(2):399-406

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