添加剂对土体的加固作用及冻胀防治研究     

邓友生  马巍  何平  周成林 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):644-647

将研制的高分子有机材料作为添加剂，加入到土体中，经过拌和夯实、干燥固结，能够起到稳定和提高土体的强度，并具有低渗透和低吸水等特性．冻胀试验表明：加入添加剂不仅能阻止土体冻胀的产生、外来水源的入侵及水分的迁移，还能隔断土体孔隙之间的联系，使水分在土体孔隙中不能运移，从而达到了防治冻胀的目的。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格庙与靖边天然气单体碳同位素特征及其成因   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

付锁堂  冯乔  张文正 《沉积学报》2003,21(3):528-532,538

苏里格庙上古生界砂岩气藏天然气重烃含量高,干燥系数低,为湿气;靖边奥陶系风化壳气藏天然气重烃含量低,干燥系数高,属干气。苏里格庙天然气的正构烷烃碳同位素具有δ13 C₁<δ13 C₃ <δ13 C₂ <δ13 C4的规律,靖边天然气具有δ13 C₁<δ13 C₂ <δ13 C₃ 的规律。二者高碳数烷烃的同位素差别较大,尤其是苏里格庙的乙烷碳同位素比靖边平均重 3.6‰。根据天然气单体碳同位素及其含量变化,苏里格庙天然气属煤成气,靖边天然气属煤成气与油型气的混合气。苏里格庙和靖边天然气中均含少量CO₂ 气,其碳同位素表明苏里格庙除苏 5井为无机CO₂ 气外,均为有机CO₂ 气;靖边林 1、林 5井为无机CO₂ 气,陕参 1井为有机CO₂ 气。结合烷烃气和CO₂ 气,苏里格庙天然气可以分为含有机CO₂ 煤成气和含无机CO₂ 煤成气。碳同位素比值与Ro 关系分析认为,苏里格庙的天然气成熟度处于成熟到高成熟阶段,其相应气源岩的平均Ro 为 1.2 9%～ 1.39%,这一结果与该区二叠系煤岩的成熟度符合较好。  相似文献   

地史过程中烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力变化的模拟计算   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

卢双舫薛海涛  钟宁宁 《地质论评》2003,49(3):292-297

在同时考察源岩中有机质因生、排烃而损失和无机质因成岩作用而失重的基础上，模拟计算了地史过程中，随有机质类型、初始有机质丰度、成熟度及排烃效率的改变，烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力的变化，探讨了有机碳恢复系数及生烃潜力损失率的可能变化范围。结果表明，地史过程中，有机质生烃潜力和有机质丰度的变化主要取决于源岩的生、排烃效率，对性质偏差的有机质，有机质的实测丰度随演化程度的增高不降反升；而对位于高成熟阶段的优质有机质，有机碳的恢复系数可达2以上；随有机质类型变好和成熟度升高，生烃潜力损失率增高；一般情况下，有机质生烃潜力的恢复幅度比有机质丰度的恢复大得多。  相似文献   

Paléoenvironnements et caractérisation des roches mères pétrolières des séries pré-salifères du bassin intérieur du Gabon     

Michel Mbina Mounguengui  François Baudin  Jacques Lang  Olivier Jocktane 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(3):327-334

The Interior Basin of Gabon, created during the break-up between South America and Africa, displays thick Neoproterozoic to Aptian p.p. fluvio-lacustrine deposits overlain by Aptian to Albian marine facies. Rock–Eval analyses from outcrop and drillhole samples show high content in organic matter (up to 25%) related to types I and II. These intervals are encountered within Permian, Neocomian–Barremian as well as Aptian siliciclastic succession. They constitute fairly good to excellent potential petroleum source rocks, which are most probably at the origin of oil indices recognized both in drillholes and in surface.  相似文献   

Origin and Formational Environment of Noda-Tamagawa Manganese Ore, Northeast Japan: Constraints from Isotopic Studies     

Mohammed El Rhazi  Ken-ichiro Hayashi 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2003,63(2):149-162

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The Global Distribution of Secondary Particulate Matter in a 3-D Lagrangian Chemistry Transport Model     

R. G. Derwent  W. J. Collins  M. E. Jenkin  C. E. Johnson  D. S. Stevenson 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,44(1):57-95

A global 3-D Lagrangian chemistry-transport model STOCHEM is used to describe the tropospheric distributions of four components of the secondary atmospheric aerosol: nitrate, sulphate, ammonium and organic compounds. The model describes the detailed chemistry of the formation of the acid precursors from the oxidation of SO₂, DMS, NO_x, NH₃ and terpenes and their uptake into the aerosol. Model results are compared in some detail with the available surface observations. Comparisons are made between the global budgets and burdens found in other modelling studies. The global distributions of the total mass of secondary aerosols have been estimated for the pre-industrial, present day and 2030 emissions and large changes have been estimated in the mass fractions of the different secondary aerosol components.  相似文献   

Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Plumes from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Oil Fields     

Steven B. Brooks  Timothy L. Crawford  Walter C. Oechel 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1997,27(2):197-207

Large carbon dioxide plumes with concentrations up to 45 ppm aboveambient levels were measured about 15 km downwind of the Prudhoe Bay, Alaskamajor oil production facilities, located at 70° N Lat. above the ArcticCircle. The measured emissions were 1.3 × 10³ metrictons (C) hour^-1 (11.4× 10⁶ metric tons(C) year^-1), six times greater than the combustion emissionsassumed by Jaffe and coworkers in J. Atmos. Chem. 20 (1995), 213–227,based on 1989 reported Prudhoe Bay oil facility fuel consumption data, andfour times greater than the total C emissions reported by the oil facilitiesfor the same months as the measurement time periods. Variations in theemissions were estimated by extrapolating the observed emissions at a singlealtitude for all tundra research transect flights conducted downwind of theoil fields. These 30 flights yielded an average emission rate of1.02 × 10³ metric tons (C) hour^-1 with astandard deviation of 0.33 × 10³. These quantity ofemissions are roughly equivalent to the carbon dioxide emissions of7–10 million hectares of arctic tussock tundra (Oechel and Vourlitis,Trends in Ecol. Evolution 9 (1994), 324–329).  相似文献   

二维温盐环流模式研究14C在海洋中的分布   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐永福  王明星  金向泽 《大气科学》1997,21(1):21-30

海洋碳循环模式中常使用放射性同位素14C来检验该模式的物理模型是否较好地反映了海洋中的大尺度变化的过程。本工作使用的物理模型是包括太平洋、大西洋和南大洋在内的二维温盐环流模式，在给定的年平均海表强迫下积分4000年后，环流达到准稳态，其定常流场用来驱动14C模式。对14C模式积分5000年以上，可得到14C稳态的分布。使用不同的二氧化碳海气交换系数和垂直湍流扩散系数值进行了7个实验，发现使用Broecker等的交换系数方程和扩散系数值依深度从0.6增加到1.45 cm2/s，模拟的结果较好。使用观测到的大气中14C含量，进一步研究了工业革命后及核试验后的14C在海洋中的穿透，模拟结果与现有的一些资料进行了比较，总体上给出了合理的结果。  相似文献   

Organic pollutants associated with macromolecular soil organic matter: Mode of binding   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H. H. Richnow  R. Seifert  J. Hefter  M. Link  W. Francke  G. Schaefer  W. Michaelis   《Organic Geochemistry》1997,26(11-12)

A study of ether-linked moieties in macromolecular bound residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) generated in bioremediation experiments was performed using high temperature hydrolysis degradation with subsequent analysis of the products by GC-MS. This hydrolysis reaction was specifically designed to cleave ether bonds including relatively stable diarylether structures. Among the reaction products, aromatic alcohols representing typical microbiologically derived metabolites of PAH were found in addition to natural compounds. Thus, parts of the bound residues appeared to be linked within the macromolecular material by ether bonds. Model experiments with an oxidoreductase enzyme and aromatic alcohols indicate the formation of these ether bonds to be an enzyme-catalysed process.  相似文献   

贵州大厂锑矿有机质与有机成矿作用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

叶造军  施继锡 《矿物学报》1997,17(3):310-315

用有机地球化学方法对矿区与右江盆地有机质的分析研究表明，容矿的大厂层有机碳与锑含量相对较高；有机包裹体主要是气态烃包裹体与沥青包裹体，在气态烃包裹体中含0％～30％的液态烃，发暗黄色荧光；有机气相成分中四种烷烃甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷均有显示；从主成矿期萤石中的沥青及右江盆地再沉积火山碎屑岩中的干酪根的生物标志物测定结果来看，二者在正烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷与甾烷标志物特征上较为接近，表明右江盆地沉积物中的有机质与锑矿中的有机质有亲缘关系。模拟实验证明原油对锑有较强的萃取迁移能力；而有机质在锑成矿过程中主要起三方面的作用：淋滤、萃取迁移及还原沉淀。  相似文献