气象因子对洪湖有机氯农药大气沉降的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨丹  祁士华  吴辰熙  张原  张凯  田芳  高媛  许峰 《地质科技情报》2010,29(1)

对洪湖进行了为期一年(2005年2月-2006年2月)的大气沉降采样,采用被动大气采样方法对大气沉降中的有机氯农药进行了分析,得到该年通过大气沉降向洪湖输入有机氯农药9.77 kg,其中大气颗粒态沉降量为2.74 kg,湿沉降量为7.03kg。大气沉降中六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)的沉降量最大。将所获气象数据和各季度有机氯农药大气沉降量进行了相关性分析,结果表明:①气象因子对湿沉降的相关性较大气颗粒态沉降的明显,其中降雨量、平均温度、平均风速与湿沉降量的相关系数最高;②风速、温度、日照对有机氯农药在气相溶解态和大气颗粒态分配影响强烈,而温度是决定有机氯农药在大气中以何种形式沉降的主要因素;③由于降雨的前锋时段具备有效的强沉降能力,使得连续性降雨频次对大气沉降影响强烈。  相似文献   

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Pilar Fernández  Guillem Carrera  Joan O. Grimalt 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2005,67(3):263-273

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Aquatic ecological risk assessment of OCPs in Huaihe River, Jiangsu section     

B. WANG G. YU Y.J. YU Z.L. ZHANG H.Y. HU L.S. WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):157-157

The Huaihe River Basin, located between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, is one of the most populated areas in the eastern part of China. The Huaihe River is probably the most heavily polluted one among the three largest rivers in China. The Jiangsu section is the downstream reaches of the Huaihe River, where organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） may come from local discharge due to flourishing industry and agriculture, and also from inflows from upstream. OCPs are usually hazardous organic pollutants, and may endanger the aquatic ecosystem of the Huaihe River, Jiangsu section. Surface water of the Huaihe River, Jiangsu section in both high-flow period and low-flow period was sampled and OCPs were determined using GC-ECD. 15 OCPs were detected, including 2,4＇-DDT, 4,4＇-DDT, 4,4＇-DDD, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene（HCB）, α-endosulfan, α-Endosulfan and heptachlorepoxide. The span of total OCPs concentration is between 26.27-124.39 ng/L. Among the 15 OCPs detected, aquatic ecological risk assessment was performed for 12 ones except for α-endosulfan, α-endosulfan and heptachlorepoxide due to lack of the relevant toxicity data of the three compounds. The acute toxicities of 12 OCPs to multi aquatic species were collected from AQUIRE database and other sources. Environmental Concentration Distribution （ECD） and Species Sensitivity Distribution （SSD） were achieved after Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The risk quotient distributions were acquired using Monte Carlo simulation. The aquatic ecological risks caused by single OCPs were analyzed. It is shown that endrin and 2,4＇-DDT have the highest risk while HCB and HCHs have the lowest risk. Then the joint ecological risk caused by all 12 OCPs was calculated based on the concept of equivalent concentration and it proves to be significantly higher than risk caused by any single OCP. Furthermore, the probability of aquatic ecological risk was calculated according to different ecological risk criteria （ERC）. The comparative analysis shows that ERC is very important to the result of ecological risk assessment.  相似文献   

Determination of organohalogenated contaminants in liver of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the Belgian North Sea coast     

Covaci A  Van de Vijver K  DeCoen W  Das K  Bouquegneau JM  Blust R  Schepens P 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(10):1157-1165

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Determination and load of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides at water from Jiulong River Estuary,China   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Zulin Z  Huasheng H  Xinhong W  Jianqing L  Weiqi C  Li X 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):397-402

Seventeen organic phosphorus pesticides (OPs) and 18 organic chlorine pesticides (OCs) at water from Jiulong River Estuary (JLRE) are determined by SPE–GC–(FPD and μECD). The contents of the total OPs (17) ranged from 134.8 to 354.6 ng/l (the mean is 227.2 ng/l). Total OCs concentrations varied from 115.4 to 414.7 ng/l in water (mean 237.7 ng/l). The levels of total hexachlorocyclohexane in water varied from 31.95 to 129.8 ng/l (mean 62.51 ng/l), and those of total DDTs were in the range 19.24–96.64 ng/l (mean 48.69 ng/l). The distribution and behavior characteristics of OPs indicate that five main OPs (methamidophos, dichlorvos, malathion, omethoate and dimethoate) occupied the most part of the total OPs, in addition, the sources of the OPs (mainly from current usage) are not stable. While the OCs mainly came from early application and were more stable. The OPs did not have obvious correlation with the dissoved organic carbon and suspended particulate matter at water from JLRE. It maybe due to the complicated hydrological kinetics in the estuary, and the higher water solubility and weak absorption (with organic matter) action of OPs. When compared with other areas, the OPs and OCs level in JLRE are some moderate.  相似文献   

Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments of Hong Kong Victoria Harbour and Xiamen Western Bay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈伟琪  张珞平  徐立  王新红  洪华生 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1998,16(1):36-44

INTRODUCTIONOrganochiorine(OC)compounds,suchaspolych1orinatalbiphenyIsrpCBs),hexachlorocycohexane(HCH)andDDThaveentetalmarineenvirorimentSthI0ughatmospherictransport,estuarinerunofTcoastalwaterdischarge,andsoon.InspiteoftheastriCtion0rbanonOCsusageinmostcountriesformanyyears,OCnsiduescanstillbefoundatconsiderableleveIsinvari0usmarineaservotrisuchasseaWhtef,maforor-ganismandtaltrit.ooinrnarineenvirOrimenthavedrawnmuchattenti0ntheuse0ftheirubiquity,persistenceandt0xidty.Marinesedtri…  相似文献   

快速净化法测定水、土壤中的有机磷和氮农药   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

虞云龙  陈鹤鑫  樊德方  盛国英  傅家谟 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1996,(4)

快速净化法测定水、土壤中的有机磷和氮农药虞云龙，陈鹤鑫，樊德方（浙江农业大学植保系，杭州３１００２９）盛国英，傅家谟（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词农药多残留分析，有机磷，有机氮目前农药使用的品种十分繁杂，多种残留农药在环境中...  相似文献   

Organochlorines and other environmental contaminants in muscle tissues of sportfish collected from San Francisco Bay     

Russell Fairey  Karen Taberski  Stewart Lamerdin  Eric Johnson  Ross P. Clark  James W. Downing  John Newman  Myrto Petreas 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,34(12):1058-1071

Edible fish species were collected from 13 locations throughout San Francisco Bay, during the spring of 1994, for determination of contaminant levels in muscle tissue. Species collected included white croaker, surfperch, leopard and brown smoothhound sharks, striped bass, white sturgeon and halibut. 66 composite tissue samples were analysed for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (P0CBs), pesticides, trace elements and dioxin/furans. The US EPA approach to assessing chemical contaminant data for fish tissue consumption was used for identifying the primary chemicals of concern. Six chemicals or chemical groups were found to exceed screening values (SVs) established using the US EPA approach. PCBs (as total Aroclors) exceeded the screening level of 3 ng g⁻¹ in all 66 muscle tissue samples, with the greatest concentrations (638 ng g⁻¹) found near San Francisco's industrial areas. Mercury was elevated (> 0.14 μg g⁻¹) in 40 of 66 samples with the greatest concentrations (1.26 μg g⁻¹) occurring in shark muscle tissues. Concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin, total chlordane and total dichlorodiphenyltri-chloroethane (DDT) exceeded screening levels in a number of samples. Dioxin/furans (as toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ's)) were elevated (> 0.15 pg g⁻¹) in 16 of the 19 samples analysed. Fish with high lipid content (croaker and surfperch) in their muscle tissue generally exhibited higher organic contaminant levels while fish with low lipid levels (halibut and shark) exhibited lower organic contaminant levels. Tissue samples taken from North Bay stations most often exhibited high levels of chemical contamination. The California Office of Health Hazard Assessment is currently evaluating the results of this study and has issued an interim Health Advisory concerning the human consumption of fish tissue from San Francisco Bay.  相似文献   

Extraction of organochlorine pesticides in sediments using soxhlet,ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LANG Yinhai  CAO Zhengmei  and NIE Xinhua College of Environmental Science  Engineering  Ocean University of China  Oingdao  P.R.China Bureau of Environmental Protection of Qingdao  Qingdao  P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):173-176

The application of soxhlet, ultrasonic and accelerated solvent extraction techniques to the analysis of six organochlorine pesticides (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, o, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE) in Taihu Lake sediment samples is described. It was found that the limits of quantification ranged from 0.002μgg-1 to 0.004μgg-1, and the recoveries of organochlorine pesticides with the three extraction techniques were acceptable (>80.7%). With a mass selective detector, better results were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction using hexane-acetone (1:1) as compared with soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction. It was shown that the accelerated solvent extraction was the optimum technique for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in sediments. The general features of the three extraction techniques are also presented.  相似文献   

桑沟湾水体及沉积物中有机磷农残时空分布特征     

白红妍  韩彬  孙丕喜  郑立  曹磊  杨东方  王小如 《海洋科学》2013,37(1):54-61

以气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析并结合外标法,定量测定了2009年4月—2010年2月6个航次桑沟湾海域水体和沉积物中常见的8种有机磷农药,探讨了该海域有机磷农药组成以及时空分布特征.结果表明:桑沟湾水体中共检出有机磷农药6种,其中甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷和对硫磷等3种有机磷农药在各航次均有检出.沉积物中有机磷农药含量的水平分布呈现由湾口向湾内海域逐渐降低的趋势.该海域水体中有机磷农药含量呈现10月份较高,4月、6月和8月份次之,12月和 2月份最低的月份分布特征.与国内外类似水体相比,桑沟湾海域中总有机磷农药含量处于轻度污染水平,甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷等单组分含量也处于较低水平.  相似文献