厦门岛东部和闽江口沿岸经济贝类中持久性有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留水平   总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28  

陈伟琪  张珞平  王新红  洪丽玉  洪华生 《台湾海峡》2001,20(3):329-334

1995－1996年间，在厦门岛东部和闽江口沿岸养殖区的7个站点采集了贝类样品，样品先去壳匀浆，再经冷冻干燥，萃取浓缩和净化分离后，用GC法分析测定其六六六（HCHs)，滴滴涕（DDTs)和多氯联苯（PCBs）的含量，厦门岛东部HCHs，DDTs和PCBs的含量范围分别为0．18－345，75．2－2143，ND－234ng/g干重；闽江口分别为ND－5．07，21．5－2396，ND－6．78ng/g干重，结果表明，贝类样品的有机氯污染物含量因不同采样地点，不同生物种类及不同采样时间而异，但总体上高于沉积物，牡蛎对DDT的富集尤为显著，本文除了对调研区经济贝类的HCHs,DDTs和PCBs含量与组成分布进行分析评价，还就海区有机氯污染生物监测的可行性，经济贝类的食用卫生水平等问题作了探讨。  相似文献   

Occurrence of organochlorine pollutants in the eggs and dropping-amended soil of Antarctic large animals and its ecological significance     

Vetter WALTER 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7):1086-1096

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are analyzed for the dropping-amended soils from the habitats of Antarctic seabirds and seals in Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. The concentration ranges are 0.21 to 3.85 ng/g for polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs),0.09 to 2.01 ng/g for organochlorine pesticides (ΣDDT),and 0.06 to 0.76 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Among these,hepata-chlorobiphenyls,hexachlorobiphenyls,p,p′-DDE and α-HCH compounds are dominant. The concentra-tion ranges of ΣPCB,DDT and HCH in the eggs of skuas were 91.9―515.5 ng/g,56.6―304.4 ng/g and 0.5―2.0 ng/g respectively; those in the eggs of penguins were 0.4―0.9 ng/g,2.4―10.3 ng/g and 0.1― 0.4 ng/g; and those in the eggs of giant petrel were 38.1―81.7 ng/g,12.7―53.7 ng/g and 0.5―1.5 ng/g respectively. The dominant POP compounds in the eggs are PCB180,PCB153,p,p′-DDE and hexa-chlorobenzene (HCB). The present study shows that the concentration of POPs in the sea-bird-inhabited-dropping-amended soil varies with the extent of predation and nest occupancy of dif-ferent seabird populations. Statistical analysis on the POP concentrations from the different seabird eggs implies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels of the birds depends on the bio-habits of the species,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding pattern,and nest occupation. Among these,the most important factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding pattern. This shows that POPs accumulated in the seabirds resulted from the bio-concentration through the food chain. In addtion,210Pb dating for the dropping-amended soils (AD1-a and AD2) was performed,which provided the POP accumulation rate and the historic record for the soil profile. It indicates that POP will continuously affect the Antarctic ecosystem for a long time.  相似文献   

Pesticide and Trace Metal Concentrations in Queensland Estuarine Crabs     

M.R Mortimer 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):359-366

Trace metals, metalloids and pesticide content were quantified in intertidal burrowing crabs Australoplax tridentata and a portunid Scylla serrata sampled from estuaries on the east coast of Australia between Cairns and Brisbane. Residues of dieldrin occurred at all locations, heptachlor epoxide and DDT (principally metabolites DDD and DDE) at most, reflecting historical use. Chlordane, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan were only detected in crabs in the urban Brisbane area, and neither hexachlorobenzene (HCB) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were quantifiable. Calculations of ambient exposures to organochlorines based on residues in crab tissues indicated that dieldrin exceeded national water quality guidelines for protection of aquatic ecosystems at all sampling locations, but exposure to DDT and its metabolites was below the threshold of concern. Concentrations of trace metals and metalloids generally reflected sediment data and likely sources.  相似文献   

Induction of Hepatic Cytochrome P-450 1A in Pikey Bream (Acanthopagrus berda) Collected from Agricultural and Urban Catchments in Far North Queensland     

J.E Cavanagh  K.A Burns  G.J Brunskill  D.A.J Ryan  J.T Ahokas 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):377-384

A variety of sources of organic contaminants to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon and near-shore environment exist including boating activity, agriculture and urban run-off. Cytochrome P-450 1A activity as measured by ethoxy-resorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity has been widely used as an indicator of the exposure of fish to organic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and some organochlorine pesticides. This study demonstrates the successful application of EROD measurements in a common Australian tropical estuarine fish species, Acanthopagrus berda (Pikey Bream), to identify areas under potential stress from organic contaminants. Fish were captured from four creeks draining agricultural land, a creek draining urban land and two creeks with less disturbed catchments. Significant induction of cytochrome P450-1A was observed in fish captured from Ross Creek (urban catchment, 7.4-fold) and Cromarty Creek (agricultural catchment, 6.4-fold). Increased activity was also observed in fish captured from other creeks draining agricultural land (Plantation Creek, Victoria Creek, Seymour River, 1.9–2.6-fold) as compared to those captured from creeks in undisturbed catchments (Baldy Creek, Fisher Creek, 67–114 pmol/min/mg protein).  相似文献   

Trends of persistent organic pollutants in the suspended matter of the River Rhine     

Thorsten Pohlert  Gudrun Hillebrand  Vera Breitung 《水文研究》2011,25(24):3803-3817

Recently amended European (EU) water policies call for an adequate monitoring of the chemical status of sediments and suspended matter (SM) in rivers. In this study, we focus on long‐term time series of particle‐bound hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB‐138 and PCB‐153) that were monitored biweekly to monthly at eight stations in the River Rhine catchment. Our aims are (1) to detect trends in the concentration series HCB, PCB‐138 and PCB‐153, (2) to estimate the uncertainty of loads caused by SM collection techniques and load calculation procedures and (3) to detect trends in the subsequently calculated annual load series. HCB concentration in the SM for the period 1995–2008 significantly (p < 0·01) decreased at six of the eight monitoring stations. Decreasing PCB‐138 and PCB‐153 concentrations are significant at six of the eight and seven of the eight monitoring stations, respectively. A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) that tested the effect of two collection techniques and four load calculation procedures on annual loads indicates homogeneity of the methods at four of the five monitoring stations. At Weil, only the loads of HCB, PCB‐138 and PCB‐153 are significantly affected by the collection technique. The trend analysis of an extended series (1985–2007) of annual HCB loads at Koblenz showed a significant decrease from about 110 kg year^?1 to about 15–23 kg year^?1; however, in the shorter period (1995–2007) only at two of the eight monitoring stations decreasing trends of annual contaminant load could be detected. We conclude that any of the tested load calculation procedures can be applied, as loads do no differ systematically. Although a high uncertainty in load estimation exists (e.g. maximum percentage error of E = [18·1, 122·5]% for HCB), the monitoring programme at the Rhine is adequate for analysing the long‐term chemical status of SM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in intertidal flat surface sediments from coastal zone of Jiangsu Province,China     

韩秀梅  郑容  赵家乐  马超  高效江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(5):1157-1162

Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected and analysed to evaluate the residues of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) from intertidal flat in Jiangsu Province. Overall, 22 OCPs were detected with total concentrations of OCPs ranging widely from 0.96 to 12.14 ng/g(dry wt). Total hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH) and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT) levels varied from 0.01 to 0.67 ng/g and from 0.23 to 4.85 ng/g, respectively. DDTs were the predominant compounds. The dominance of β-HCH indicated a history of HCH pollution. According to the ratios of( p, p'-DDD+ p, p'-DDE)/ p, p '-DDT and o, p ′-DDT/ p, p ′-DDT, new input of DDTs did not occur in most sites, and the main sources were historical usage of technical DDTs. OCPs such as dieldrin, endrin, p, p ′-DDD, and p, p ′-DDT exceeded the effects range low, showing adverse biological effects that would occasionally occur at some sites of the study area.  相似文献   

Can salt marsh plants influence levels and distribution of DDTs in estuarine areas?     

Pedro N. Carvalho  Pedro Nuno R. RodriguesRafael Evangelista  M. Clara P. BastoM. Teresa S.D. Vasconcelos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Sediments are depositories of toxic substances such as organochlorine pesticides and there is a global need for their removal in contaminated environments. Studies that combine contaminated sediments and phytoremediation are relatively recent and their number has been increasing. This work aimed to investigate whether salt marsh plants (sea club-rush Scirpus maritimus, sea rush Juncus maritimus and sea purslane Halimione portulacoides) can favor DDT and metabolites remediation in estuarine environment. For this purpose the levels of DDT, DDE and DDD were compared in vegetated and non-vegetated sediments from an estuary in the North of Portugal (in-situ study) and from another in the South of Portugal (ex-situ study). Results obtained both in the in-situ study, involving S. maritimus and J. maritimus, and in the ex-situ study, involving H. portulacoides, indicated that these plants did not have a significant role in DDTs removal and/or degradation. Therefore, it seems that the tested plants cannot influence levels and distribution of DDTs in estuarine areas.  相似文献   

桑沟湾水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平及分布特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曹磊  韩彬  郑立  杨东方  王小如  孙丕喜 《海洋科学》2011,35(4):44-50

以气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC/ECD)分析并结合外标法,定量测定了桑沟湾海域水体中15种有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的含量.结果表明:桑沟湾海域表层水体中有机氯农药浓度范围为20.34～52.86 ng/L,底层水中的浓度范围为31.7～58.68 ng/L.该海域水体中共检出有机氯农药6种,DDTs类化合物是水体...  相似文献   

有机磷农药对胆碱能系统影响研究进展     

汝少国  李姝熳  田雨 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):79-84

有机磷农药具有高效、低毒等特点被广泛应用于农业生产,其残留对生物和人类的健康构成了潜在的威胁.由于有机磷农药主要通过影响胆碱能系统的活性发挥其神经毒性作用,因此本文综述了有机磷农药对胆碱能系统中乙酰胆碱脂酶、胆碱乙酰转移酶、毒蕈碱型受体和烟碱型受体产生的影响及可能的致毒机理.有机磷农药首先抑制乙酰胆碱脂酶的活性产生神经...  相似文献   

气相色谱-高分辨质谱联用测定地下水中16种典型痕量含氯持久性有机污染物   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

宋淑玲  郭晓辰  胡小键  李鸿枝 《岩矿测试》2013,32(2):319-324

9种有机氯农药(α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、六氯苯、p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD、o,p '-DDT和P,p’-DDT)和7种指示性多氯联苯(PCB 28、PCB 52、PCB 101、PCB 118、PCB 138、PCB 153和PCB 180)是我国地下水水质调查的必测和选测的持久性有机污染物.目前采用的气相色谱-电子捕获检测器和气相色谱-质谱-选择离子监测分析技术,无法对地下水中这16种痕量和超痕量典型含氯持久性有机污染物进行准确的定性和定量分析.本文建立了地下水中16种典型含氯持久性有机污染物的固相圆盘萃取-气相色谱-高分辨质谱分析方法,目标物检出限为0.10 ～0.20 ng/L,基体加标回收率为61.9％ ～93.3％,精密度(RSD,n=5)为2.41％ ～20.0％,能够对地下水中痕量目标物进行准确定性和定量.应用该方法检测了两个地区16个地下水样品中的目标物.结果表明,两地实际样品中均未检出多氯联苯,而普遍检出急性毒性最强的γ-HCH和致癌活性最高的α-HCH,根据α-HCH和γ-HCH浓度的比值可以初步判断,两个地区的地下水样品有受到新的HCH排放源污染的可能性.  相似文献