Generalized strain probing of constitutive models     

Youssef M. A. Hashash  Qingwei Fu  Jeremy Butkovich 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2004,28(15):1503-1519

Advanced material constitutive models are used to describe complex soil behaviour. These models are often used in the solution of boundary value problems under general loading conditions. Users and developers of constitutive models need to methodically investigate the represented soil response under a wide range of loading conditions. This paper presents a systematic procedure for probing constitutive models. A general incremental strain probe, 6D hyperspherical strain probe (HSP), is introduced to examine rate‐independent model response under all possible strain loading conditions. Two special cases of HSP, the true triaxial strain probe (TTSP) and the plane‐strain strain probe (PSSP), are used to generate 3‐D objects that represent model stress response to probing. The TTSP, PSSP and general HSP procedures are demonstrated using elasto‐plastic models. The objects resulting from the probing procedure readily highlight important model characteristics including anisotropy, yielding, hardening, softening and failure. The PSSP procedure is applied to a Neural Network (NN) based constitutive model. It shows that this probing is especially useful in understanding NN constitutive models, which do not contain explicit functions for yield surface, hardening, or anisotropy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地东北缘古元古代变质镁铁—超镁铁质岩的地质特征及成因探讨     

王毅志  梁超云 《青海国土经略》2001,(Z1)

1:5万区域地质调查工作中,在柴达木陆块北缘首次发现古元古代变质镁铁—超镁铁质岩,获得成岩年龄为1952±15Ma,其岩石化学、地球化学特征反映出岩浆来源于亏损地幔,反映出该地区克拉通在古元古代(19亿年)发生了一次强烈的裂解(洋)事件,对于研究柴达木盆地北缘元古代结晶基底地质构造演化及进一步探讨柴达木盆地的起源及构造演化过程提供了重要地质线索。  相似文献   

青海省沙柳河南区有色金属矿成矿物质来源及矿床成矿模式探讨     

马永铨  姜洪成 《青海国土经略》1994,(1)

本文简述了沙柳河南区有色金属矿床的基本特征。通过对成矿热液及成矿物质的来源与性质的研究,认为该矿床的成因类型为火山沉积—接触交代改造叠加型,进而探讨了该矿床的成矿模式。  相似文献   

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN LINGDINGYANG ESTUARY     

CHEN Bing-lu  ZHANG Yun-ni  CHEN Xin-geng  WANG Zhi-gang  YANG Guang-xing 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2001,11(2):155-162

1 HYDROLOGIC FEATURES Lingdingyang Estuary, located at the middle south of Guangdong Province, is a bell-shaped estuary with a north-south direction. Its area is about 2100km2. The north of Qi′ao Island and Inner-Lingding Island, and the south of Humen are grouped as Neilingdingyang Estuary, having an area of 1041km2. Affected by topography, runoff and tide, its dynamic condition is very complicated. Different water areas have different hydrologic features. The topography under …  相似文献   

A high resolution,multiproxy Late‐glacial record of climate change and intrasystem responses in northwest England     

Richard T. Jones  Jim D. Marshall  Stephen F. Crowley  Alan Bedford  Nigel Richardson  Jan Bloemendal  Frank Oldfield 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(4):329-340

A lacustrine carbonate sequence from Hawes Water, Lancashire, UK, has been studied using stable isotopic, lithological, pollen and mineral magnetic analysis. The data reveal four abrupt climatic oscillations in the Late‐glacial Interstadial leading up to the onset of the Loch Lomond Stadial. The data also point to climatic warming relatively early within the stadial, ca. 12 500 GRIP yr, prior to the onset of the Holocene. The oxygen isotope record is taken as a signature of climate forcing against which the response of the lake‐system can be monitored. By adopting this approach it is revealed that the response of the biological system to the rapid climatic oscillations is non‐linear and primarily a function of the antecedent conditions. A significant end‐Devensian isotopic excursion (A) is matched by only minor changes in the cold‐adapted floras and faunas. During the warmer interstadial, the response of the biological ecosystem (events B–D) is clearly influenced by thresholds: major changes in the catchment vegetation associated with relatively minor oscillations in the isotopic signature. The stratigraphical patterns reveal significant lag effects between the onset of climate deterioration and resulting changes in vegetation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The pairwise velocity dispersion of galaxies: effects of non-radial motions     

A. Del Popolo 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,326(2):667-674

I discuss the effect of non-radial motions on the small-scale peculiar pairwise velocity dispersions (PVD) of galaxies in a cold dark matter (CDM) model and calculate the PVD for the SCDM model by means of the refined cosmic virial theorem (CVT), taking account of non-radial motions by means of the Del Popolo & Gambera model. I compare the results of the present model with the data from Davis & Peebles, the IRAS value at 1  h ⁻¹ Mpc of Fisher et al. and Marzke et al. I show that while the SCDM model disagrees with the observed values, as pointed out by several authors, taking account of non-radial motions produces smaller values for the PVD. At r ≤1  h ⁻¹ Mpc the result is in agreement with Bartlett & Blanchard. In the light of this last paper, the result may be also read as a strong dependence of the CVT prediction on the model chosen to describe the mass distribution around galaxies, suggesting that the CVT cannot be taken as a direct evidence for a low-density Universe. Similarly to what is shown by Del Popolo & Gambera and Del Popolo et al., the agreement of our model to the observational data is because of a scale-dependent bias induced by the presence of non-radial motions. As the assumptions on which CVT is based have been questioned by several authors, I also calculated the PVD using the redshift distortion in the redshift-space correlation function, ξ _z( r _p, π), and compared it with the PVD measured from the Las Campanas Redshift Survey by Jing et al. The result confirms that non-radial motions influence the PVD making them agree better with the observed data.  相似文献   

Parameter information from non-linear cosmological fields     

A.N. Taylor  P.I.R. Watts † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(4):1027-1038

We develop a general formalism for analysing parameter information from non-Gaussian cosmic fields. The method can be adapted to include the non-linear effects in galaxy redshift surveys, weak lensing surveys and cosmic velocity field surveys as part of parameter estimation. It can also be used as a test of non-Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background. Generalizing maximum-likelihood analysis to second order, we calculate the non-linear Fisher information matrix and likelihood surfaces in parameter space. To this order we find that the information content is always increased by including non-linearity. Our methods are applied to a realistic model of a galaxy redshift survey, including non-linear evolution, galaxy bias, shot-noise and redshift-space distortions to second order. We find that including non-linearities allows all of the degeneracies between parameters to be lifted. Marginalized parameter uncertainties of a few per cent will then be obtainable using forthcoming galaxy redshift surveys.  相似文献   

International program of observations of selected minor planets: first results     

Yulia A. Chernetenko 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,80(3-4):185-194

International programs of observations of selected minor planets have lasted about 50 years and the last one comes to the end in 2000. The main aim of these observational programs consists in obtaining the orientation of the stellar reference frame with respect to the dynamical one using observations of the bright minor planets. The observations are also useful for the orbital improvements of the asteroids themselves. They are available from the author via e-mail at the address .During the above mentioned period more than 23 000 observations of minor planets, referred to different reference star catalogues, have been obtained. The reduction procedure of observations to the PPM star catalogue is described. The orientation parameters are given and discussed.  相似文献   

Elastic solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space subjected to three‐dimensional buried parabolic rectangular loads     

Cheng‐Der Wang  Jyh‐Jong Liao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2002,26(14):1449-1476

In many areas of engineering practice, applied loads are not uniformly distributed but often concentrated towards the centre of a foundation. Thus, loads are more realistically depicted as distributed as linearly varying or as parabola of revolution. Solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space caused by concave and convex parabolic loads that act on a rectangle have not been derived. This work proposes analytical solutions for stresses in a transversely isotropic half‐space, induced by three‐dimensional, buried, linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular loads. Load types include an upwardly and a downwardly linearly varying load, a uniform load, a concave and a convex parabolic load, all distributed over a rectangular area. These solutions are obtained by integrating the point load solutions in a Cartesian co‐ordinate system for a transversely isotropic half‐space. The buried depth, the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of material anisotropy and the loading type for transversely isotropic half‐spaces influence the proposed solutions. An illustrative example is presented to elucidate the effect of the dimensions of the loaded area, the type and degree of rock anisotropy, and the type of loading on the vertical stress in the isotropic/transversely isotropic rocks subjected to a linearly varying/uniform/parabolic rectangular load. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Chandra detection of the radio hotspot of 3C 123     

M. J. Hardcastle  M. Birkinshaw  D. M. Worrall 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,323(2):L17-L22

Chandra X-ray Observatory observations of the powerful, peculiar radio galaxy 3C 123 have resulted in an X-ray detection of the bright eastern hotspot, with a 1-keV flux density of ∼5 nJy. The X-ray flux and spectrum of the hotspot are consistent with the X-rays being inverse-Compton scattering of radio synchrotron photons by the population of electrons responsible for the radio emission ('synchrotron self-Compton emission') if the magnetic fields in the hotspot are close to their equipartition values. 3C 123 is thus the third radio galaxy to show X-ray emission from a hotspot which is consistent with being in equipartition. Chandra also detects emission from a moderately rich cluster surrounding 3C 123, with L _X(2–10 keV)=2×10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹ and kT ∼5 keV, and absorbed emission from the active nucleus, with an inferred intrinsic column density of 1.7×10²² cm⁻² and an intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity of 10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹.  相似文献