Geochronological arguments for a close relationship between surficial formation profiles and environmental crisis (c. 3000–2000 BP) in Gabon (Central Africa)     

Denis Thiéblemont  Christine Flehoc  Michel Ebang-Obiang  Christophe Rigollet  Jean-Pierre Prian  François Prognon 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(7-8):272-283

We present new ¹⁴C data on charcoal fragments recovered from the lower (coarse-grained Stone Line) and upper (fine-grained Cover Horizon) portions of surficial formation profiles in Gabon. These data and others compiled from the literature enable a reconstruction of the Upper Holocene geological regional history of Gabon. The connection between the geological events recorded in the surficial formations and the Upper Holocene environmental crisis is discussed and a scenario connecting geological events with climatic and environmental changes is proposed. Such a scenario suggests that following the climatic crisis, the reconstitution of soils by aeolian sedimentation could have been an important factor of Bantu expansion.  相似文献   

Influence of contamination on banded iron formations in the Isua supracrustal belt,West Greenland: Reevaluation of the Eoarchean seawater compositions     

Shogo Aoki  Chiho Kabashima  Yasuhiro Kato  Takafumi Hirata  Tsuyoshi Komiya 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(4):1049-1072

Banded Iron Formations(BIFs) are chemical sediments, ubiquitously distributed in the Precambrian supracrustal belts; thus their trace element compositions are helpful for deciphering geochemical evolution on the Earth through time. However, it is necessary to elucidate factors controlling the whole-rock compositions in order to decode the ancient seawater compositions because their compositions are highly variable. We analyzed major and trace element contents of the BIFs in the 3.8-3.7 Ga Isua supracrustal belt(ISB), southern West Greenland. The BIFs are petrographically classified into four types:Black-,Gray-, Green-and White-types, respectively. The Green-type BIFs contain more amphiboles, and are significantly enriched in Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, heavy rare earth element(HREE) and U contents. However,their bulk compositions are not suitable for estimate of seawater composition because the enrichment was caused by secondary mobility of metamorphic Mg, Ca and Si-rich fluid, involvement of carbonate minerals and silicate minerals of olivine and pyroxene and/or later silicification or contamination of volcanic and clastic materials. The White-type BIFs are predominant in quartz, and have lower transition element and REE contents. The Gray-type BIFs contain both quartz and magnetite. The Black-type BIFs are dominated by magnetite, and contain moderate to high transition element and REE contents. But,positive correlations of V, Ni, Zn and U contents with Zr contents suggest that involvement of detrital,volcanic and exhalative materials influences on their contents. The evidence for significant influence of the materials on the transition element contents such as Ni in the BIFs indicates the transition element contents in the Archean ocean were much lower than previously estimated. We reconstructed secular variations of V,Co, Zn and U contents of BIFs through time, which show Ni and Co contents decreased whereas V, Zn and U contents increased through time. Especially, the Ni and Co contents drastically decreased in the Mesoarchean rather than around the Great Oxidation Event. On the other hand, the V,Zn and U contents progressively increased from the Mesoarchean to the Proterozoic. Stratigraphical trends of the BIFs show increase in Y/Ho ratios and decrease in positive Eu anomaly upwards, respectively. The stratigraphic changes indicate that a ratio of hydrothermal fluid to seawater component gradually decrease through the deposition, and support the Eoarchean plate tectonics, analogous to the their stratigraphic variations of seafloor metalliferous sediments at present and in the Mesoarchean.  相似文献   

小秦岭复杂地层液动锤绳索取心钻探试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

卢予北 《地质与勘探》2014,50(2):391-396

小秦岭地区是我国主要的矿产资源地,属于严重的破、碎、硬、漏等复杂地层,特别是岩石结构致密、颗粒细、研磨性较弱的坚硬地层,采用传统回转钻进工艺时,钻头经常出现"打滑"现象,从而导致钻头寿命低、钻探效率低、事故率高、钻探成本高等问题。针对这些问题并结合生产,本文选择了3处典型复杂地层进行了液动潜孔锤+绳索取心"二合一"和传统金刚石绳索取心钻探试验。试验结果表明:与传统金刚石绳索取心钻进工艺相比,液动锤平均回次进尺可提高44%,机械钻速提高21.34%~30.3%,平均综合钻探成本降低了21%~28%,其中钻头费用可降低66.5%。同时,由于碎岩方式的改变,液动潜孔锤钻探具有钻孔防斜效果好、事故率低、钻头使用寿命长等特点。  相似文献   

辽冀地区条带状铁建造地球化学特征：Ⅰ.主量元素特征     

杨秀清  李厚民  李立兴  姚通  陈靖  刘明军 《岩石学报》2014,30(5):1218-1238

辽冀地区(主要包括鞍山-本溪地区和冀东地区)位于华北克拉通东北部,产出有诸多BIFs型大型-特大型铁矿床。鞍山-本溪地区和冀东地区是我国最大的两个铁矿集区,其中鞍本地区铁矿储量占全国的24%左右,冀东地区铁矿资源储量占全国的10%以上。虽然辽冀地区BIFs大多为形成于新太古代绿岩带中的Algoma型BIFs,但不同矿区BIFs形成环境和受后期改造的程度不一致,鞍本地区BIFs变质级别为绿片岩相-角闪岩相,冀东地区BIFs经历了绿片岩相-麻粒岩相的变质作用,且辽冀地区普遍发育混合岩化。本文主要对比研究了辽冀地区28个铁矿床200件铁矿石的主量元素特征,为探讨辽冀地区BIFs的形成提供了更多的信息。BIFs样品主要由SiO2和Fe2O3T组成,其中鞍山-本溪地区SiO2+Fe2O3T平均为95.10%,冀东地区SiO2+Fe2O3T平均为88.06%,CaO和MgO含量仅次于SiO2和Fe2O3T,且大部分矿区具有正相关关系,Al2O3、TiO2、K2O、Na2O、MnO、P2O5含量很低,这暗示BIFs原岩为一种化学沉积岩,主要为含有少量碳酸盐泥的硅质和铁质的胶体沉积;辽冀地区Al2O3和TiO2均可见明显的正相关,这可能是由于BIFs沉积过程中有少量碎屑物质的加入,这种相关性在冀东地区更为明显,且除SiO2+Fe2O3T外,其它氧化物含量明显高于鞍本地区,说明冀东地区BIFs形成时沉积环境更为动荡,有更多的碎屑物质加入;虽然辽冀不同地区BIFs经历了不同级别的变质作用,形成了不同的矿物组合,但是氧化物含量却变化不大,这说明了变质反应主要为等化学反应;鞍本地区和冀东地区碱质含量也存在差异性,前者的Na2O和K2O含量均低于后者,且后者Na2OK2O,结合野外地质特征,可能暗示了混合岩化作用对冀东地区的影响更为显著。  相似文献   

赣江下游地区的风成沉积物   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

邹学勇 《中国沙漠》2001,21(4):340-345

经C¹⁴测年,认为赣江下游广泛分布的"莲塘组"和"湖口组"沙质沉积物,并不是分别形成于晚更新世早期和晚期,而是不早于30kaBP,一直沿用的关于"莲塘组"和"湖口组"的划分方案值得商榷。以新建县厚田地区为工作重点,通过对沉积物的沉积结构、形组分析、电镜扫描等室内分析和野外沉积构造调查,将"莲塘组"划分为上下两段,确认"莲塘组"上段和"湖口组"均为风成沉积,并指出风成沉积与河流沉积在沉积结构和构造方面的重大差异。  相似文献   

论变质重结晶作用对晶质菱镁矿矿床成矿的贡献     

胡古月  王登红  郑军  余旭辉  武文博  宋立军  朱永新 《地质学报》2024,98(1):138-162

晶质菱镁矿矿床赋存于海相碳酸盐岩建造,为富镁碳酸盐经后期变质重结晶的产物,属沉积- 变质型矿床。本次研究将中国境内的晶质菱镁矿矿床按变质重结晶程度分为三类 (高、中和低),并进行了地质和地球化学研究,获得如下认识：① 产于古生代海相碳酸盐岩中的菱镁矿矿床经历低程度变质重结晶作用(绿片岩相),矿石结晶度差,品位相对较低(44. 98%~47. 35%),且保留有海相碳酸盐岩建造的碳同位素地球化学特征(δ13CV- PDB：0. 4‰~+0. 3‰);② 大型(>5000万t)优质(MgO>46%)晶质菱镁矿矿床集中分布在华北克拉通东部的古元古代胶- 辽- 吉活动带海相碳酸盐岩中,矿体后期经历中等程度变质重结晶作用(中—低角闪岩相),矿石发生中等程度的重结晶作用,继承了海相碳同位素地球化学特征(δ13CV- PDB1. 9‰~+1. 7‰);③ 经历高角闪岩相(高级)变质作用的菱镁矿矿床矿石结晶程度最优,但强烈的变质作用引发外源含硅热液流体加入而发生蛇纹石化作用,矿石品位低(MgO=44. 42%~45. 55%),具有较高的TFeO、Mn和Ti含量,整体亦显示较低的碳同位素组成(δ13CV- PDB：4. 1‰~3. 5‰)。因此,沉积- 变质型菱镁矿矿体的镁质富集可能发生在海相沉积成岩期,后期变质作用引发富镁碳酸盐矿物重结晶作用,镁质碳酸盐和钙质碳酸盐矿物进一步发生近原地分离重结晶作用,形成晶质菱镁矿矿体和富镁白云石夹石,但过高(高角闪岩相及以上)或过低(绿片岩相)的变质作用可能均不利于形成大型优质晶质菱镁矿矿床。  相似文献   

Conduit system and formation mechanism of heat fluids in diapiric belt of Yinggehai basin, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xinong Xie  Sitian Li  Xiangyun Hu  Weiliang Dong  Minqiang Zhang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(6):561-571

The conduit system of heat fluids in diapiric belt of Yinggehai basin is dominantly vertical faults and fractures. Detailed research on the formation mechanism and their occurrence features shows that the faults and fractures can be classified into three types: intrastratal dispersive hydrofracture, puncturing fault and upwarping-extensional fault. The development of the fault and fracture system not only resulted in the changes of the temperature and pressure fields in the basin, but also affected the hydrocarbon migration in the overpressured system. These faults and fractures constituted the main pathways for vertical hydrocarbon migration, and opening and closing intermittently led to episodic expulsion of overpressured fluid compartment. Thus there formed the pool-forming model of multi-source mixing and ploy-stage migration and accumulation for hydrocarbons in the Yinggehai basin. Project jointly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.95-Pre-39) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49732005), and A Hundred Excellent Researchers Foundation from the Ministry of Land and Resources.  相似文献   

断层面形态对中浅层石油运移影响的模拟实验研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

姜素华  曾溅辉  李涛  姜雨 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(2):245-248,272

为认识中浅层油气成藏特征,在东营凹陷中浅层油气成藏地质研究基础上,利用二维模型模拟了不同断面形态的情况下,断层对中浅层石油运移和聚集的影响。研究结果表明：(1)在幕式(非稳态)充注条件下,断层面的形态对中浅层石油的运移路径和方式构成重要的影响,S形断层面最有利于断层上、下盘砂层油的充注,这时油在砂层中的运移速率较大,而凹形断层面则有利于断层下盘砂层油的充注,凸形断层面有利于断层上盘砂层油的充注;(2)越陡、弯度越少的断层面越有利于油的运移,即通常所认为的凸形断层面对油气运移起到发散作用,凹形断面起到油气运移汇集作用从模型试验中得到证实。  相似文献   

论四川盆地下中三叠统(T1j-T2L)地下水的形成   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

林耀庭 《盐湖研究》2005,13(1):1-7

四川盆地下中三叠统嘉陵江组—雷口坡组(T1j-T2L)地下水分布广泛,资源丰富,类型各异。其展布规律及水文地球化学景观系在漫长的地质发展历史阶段中,经沉积、掺杂、淋滤、火山活动、生物化学及剥蚀淋滤等多种因素综合作用形成。对其形成分布的研究论述,有助于对地下水资源的开发利用。  相似文献