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21.
Precipitation samples were collected by filtrating bulk sampler in Kitakyushu City, Japan, from January 1988 to December 1990. Volume weighted annual mean of pH was 4.93, but the pH distribution indicated that most probable value lay in the range pH 6.0–6.4. Volume weighted annual mean concentrations of major ionic components were as follows; SO
4
2–
: 84.2, NO
3
–
: 28.1, Cl–: 86.3, NH
4
+
: 45.5, Ca2+: 63.3, Mg2+: 27.0, K+: 3.4, Na+: 69.0 µ eq l–1. The highest concentrations of these ionic components were observed in winter and the lowest occurred in the rainy season. The ratio of ex-SO
4
2–
/NO
3
–
exhibited the lowest ratio in summer, and the highest ratio in winter. Good correlations were obtained between Cl– and Na+, ex-SO
4
2+
and ex-Ca2+, NO
3
–
and ex-Ca2+, and NH
4
+
and ex-SO
4
2–
, respectively. However, no correlation between Cl– and Na+ with Ca2+ was observed. The relationship of H+ with (ex-SO
4
2–
+ NO
3
–
) - (ex-Ca2+ + NH
4
+
) indicated positive correlation. 相似文献
22.
23.
The Holocence paleolimnology of Lake Sämbosjön is described using geochemical and diatom analyses. The objective of this study is the reconstruction of major changes in trophic state and productivity, and to interpret the major causative processes. The accumulation of organic matter indicates a relatively high productivity in early Holocene, and the diatom analysis indicates a relatively high trophic state and pH. A succeeding decrease in productivity and trophic state and lowering in pH is recorded from about 8000 BP. If lake development had been primarily edaphically conditioned, viz. determined by nutrient supply from catchment soils, such a progressive oligotrophication would represent the common development of temperate lakes. Between about 6000 BP and 4000 BP Lake Sämbosjön was characterized by relatively stable productivity and pH. From about 4000 BP the analyses reveal an increase again in trophic state, productivity, and in pH. This eutrophication, which continued throughout the late Holocene, was caused by an exceptionally strong human influence on the catchment of Lake Sämbosjön. The increased supply of nutrients from cleared and deforested catchment soils changed the trophic state and provided the basis for increased lake productivity. 相似文献
24.
Thomas Striebel Wolfgang Schäfer Stefan Peiffer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1991,53(4):346-366
A field study on the geochemical properties of a chemically-stressed limnic environment was performed in Lake Silbersee, which receives leachate water of high inorganic loading from an upgradient landfill site. The highly concentrated sulfate ion in groundwater, when entering the pore water system of the lake, gives rise to an intensive microbial sulfate reduction. A diagenetic approach was used to explain the existence of a marine-like aqueous system within a geologically slightly acidic aquifer, consisting of a well-buffered lake water and an alkalinity producing, excess sulphide containing sediment pore water system. 相似文献
25.
26.
Recent improvements in both Infra-red spectroscopy and equilibrator techniqueshave allowed to determine, for the first time, pCO2using simultaneously and continuously both the direct and indirect methods in an estuary where pCO2 values range from 500 to 8500 atm and salinity from 0 to 30. Our results show that both methods are in excellent agreement in the wholeestuary (r2 = 0.999, n = 1075, p < 0.0001). Thus, the NBS (US National Bureau of Standards) scale, although inadequate for seawater samples, is appropriate for estuarine waters and can be applied with confidence to calculate pCO2. 相似文献
27.
Dissolved (dialysis in situ) and total concentrations ofCu, Zn, Cd and Al in eight mining polluted rivers in the Røros area, central Norway, were determinedby atomic absorption spectrometry (flame and graphite furnace) and compared to pH, Caconcentration and alkalinity through seasonal variations in river discharge. Totalconcentrations of the metals were highest during early spring flood and during summer andautumn rain episodes. Dissolved concentrations also increased as the spring floodproceeded, but small discharge peaks within this 2 month period as well as a considerableautumn flood episode appeared to lower rather than to raise the dissolved metal concentrations.Consequently the dissolved fractions of Zn, Cd and Al showed a significant negative correlationwith river discharge, and were low at the discharge peaks. Possibly high sediment concentrationsoccurring at high flood conditions more than counteracted desorption induced by pHdecrease, and led to decreased dissolved fractions through adsorption. Cu speciationon the other hand seemed to be more closely linked to pH. Alkalinity and Ca concentration,both assumed to protect aquatic life from metal pollution, were significantly lowerduring episodes with high Cu and Al total concentrations. 相似文献
28.
Diatoms were identified and enumerated from a surface sediment calibration set of 50 lakes in northwestern Québec. The relationship
between species composition and environmental variables was examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Forward
selection and Monte Carlo permutation tests in CCA indicated that diatom species distributions in the data set are most strongly
correlated to lakewater pH. A strong (r
2
boot = 0.83) weighted averaging calibration model, that includes bootstrapped error estimates, was developed for inferring past
lakewater pH. Using this model, temporal changes in pH were reconstructed for two kettle lakes, Lac de la Pépinière and Lac
Perron. Based on limnological data, both the study lakes were expected to have recently acidified due to increased acidic
precipitation and increases in anthropogenic metal loading. However, our long-term pH inference data indicate that these lakes
were naturally acidic during pre-industrial times. Nonetheless, the rate of acidification, particularly in Lac de la Pépinière,
has accelerated in the last ∼75 years. These long-term pH records developed for the dilute lakes in northwestern Québec suggest
that the region has received increased atmospheric pollutants from the nearby Horne smelter in Rouyn-Noranda. The pH inference
profiles are markedly different from many other paleolimnological studies in acid-sensitive regions of Canada that have become
acidic primarily as a result of industrial activities.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
29.
采用(斜长石+黑云母+石英)这三种单矿物组合与1mol/L NaCl或0.5mol/L NaCl 0.5mol/L NaHCO3溶液在450-250℃和50MPa条件下反应7d。实验表明,反应后流体pH值发生了变化,NaCl介质向酸性变化,N aCl NaHCO3介质向中性转化。溶液中K,Ca,Mg,Fe和Au量也随之发生变化。矿物表面发生溶解和离子置换等反应。斜长石表面形成钠长石反应边,黑云母变色,石英重结晶,反应器皿金管中的金被溶解后在金管壁和黑云母表面重结晶,黑云母周边出现红色Fe2O3,在450℃的NaCl介质中,金含量可达1070μg/g,但随温度下降迅速减低,在NaCl NaHCO3介质中,金含量较低,显著,金的活化迁移和富集与Cl,pH,Fe^3 /Fe^2 密切相关,这中金起到示踪作用,显示出金在水/岩反应中的原电池效应。 相似文献
30.
pH值对长石溶解度及次生孔隙发育的影响 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
本文从长石溶解反应的机理及各离子形态在溶液中分布的热力学角度出发 ,论述了pH值对三个长石端员及高岭石在流体中溶解度的影响。在此基础上 ,进一步探讨了流体酸碱度对长石向高岭石转化和次生孔隙发育程度的制约 ,并提出了衡量次生孔隙发育程度的参数———转化系数D。 相似文献