Reconstruction of paleoenvironments of the Great Salt Lake Basin during the late Cenozoic     

Agata Kowalewska  Andrew S. Cohen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,20(4):381-407

This study summarizes the results of micropaleontological, sedimentological, and isotope geochemical analyses of cuttings from five deep wells drilled in the Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA). Spanning the last 5.0 million yrs, our environmental history of the Great Salt Lake distinguishes four intervals based on paleobiological and sedimentological characteristics, using a previously developed tephrochronology for age control. For most of its history, the Great Salt Lake Basin has been occupied by a mixture of marsh, shallow lacustrine and sand flat conditions. In contrast, open lake conditions, typical of the Bonneville cycles and the modern Great Salt Lake apparently have only dominated the basin for the past 0.6-0.8 Ma. The two main structural basins in the study area (the North and South Basins) experienced different lacustrine histories. Large but frequently saline lakes occupied the North Basin after about 0.6 Ma. In the South Basin, ephemeral, saline lacustrine conditions started at 2.1 Ma and developed to full lacustrine conditions at 0.3 Ma. Our paleoenvironmental interpretations are broadly consistent with the aquatic palynological records from the same wells, as well as with the prior core- and outcrop-based lines of evidence. However, the differences in lake history between the North and South Basin have not been previously recognized.  相似文献   

Late-glacial paleoenvironment of Lake Algonquin sediments near Clarksburg,Ontario     

P. F. Karrow  T. W. Anderson  L. D. Delorme  B. B. Miller  L. J. Chapman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1995,14(3):297-309

Excavation below the Lake Algonquin gravel beach bar near Clarksburg, Ontario, exposed mollusc-bearing clay over a lens of plant debris. This is the northernmost and most deeply buried Lake Algonquin fossil site found thus far in Ontario. It is the first site to provide dates from directly below the Algonquin beach bar. Two radiocarbon dates of about 11 200 years confirm the age of isostatically transgressing Lake Algonquin. Plant macrofossils (21 taxa), pollen (39 taxa), molluscs (12 taxa), and ostracodes (18 taxa) indicate that the climate was colder than present by several degrees and the forest-tundra ecotone was nearby initially but retreated northward rather quickly. Upward increases in abundances and diversity of molluscs and ostracodes suggest it was a time of rapid migration and colonization of species.Deceased, 1 November 1994This is the 7th in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers.  相似文献   

苏浙皖地区晚二叠世长兴期牙形石古生态     

张克信 《地球科学》1988,(5)

本文通过分析苏浙皖长兴期各沉积相带牙形石产出频率、分异度和种类,认为正常浅海的碳酸盐岩台地和较深水台沟区最适合牙形石动物群生息,并认为由于有两种生态类型的牙形石动物,即洋面浮游型和底栖型,导致了不同相区地层中牙形石属种组合上的差异。  相似文献   

Diatom paleoecology of the Mar Chiquita lagoon delta,Argentina   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marcela A. Espinosa 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,10(1):17-23

A 68 cm thick outcrop of diatomaceous sediments at the head of Mar Chiquita Lagoon on the Argentine coast near Buenos Aires provides evidence of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes related to sea level changes and freshwater input to the lagoon system. Salinity tolerances of extant diatom taxa were used for the reconstruction and multivariate analytical techniques were applied to reduce subjective interpretations of the diatom percentage data.The basal half of the record was deposited before 3000 years ago and fossil diatoms indicate generally freshwater conditions with one fluctuation in mesohalobous diatoms suggesting brackish water conditions at a depth of about 60 cm. Polyhalobous (marine) diatoms characterize the record after 3000 years ago and large numbers of epiphytic diatoms indicate salt marsh environments with episodic seawater fluctuations to supratidal levels. Freshwater diatoms returned at the top of the outcrop, presumably as a result of the restriction of the historic marine inlet to the lagoon and the effects of freshwater inflow to the basin.This is the second in a series of papers published in this issue on Paleolimnology in Southern South America. Dr. C. A. Fernández served as guest editor for these papers.  相似文献   

Fire and Vegetation History from the Coastal Rain Forest of the Western Oregon Coast Range     

Colin J. Long  Cathy Whitlock 《Quaternary Research》2002,58(3):215

High-resolution charcoal and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct a 4600-yr-long history of fire and vegetation near Taylor Lake in the wettest forests of coastal Oregon. Today, fires in these forests are rare because the season of ignition does not coincide with months of dry fuels. From ca. 4600 to 2700 cal yr B.P. fire episodes occurred at intervals of 140±30 yr while forest vegetation was dominated by disturbance-adapted taxa such as Alnus rubra. From ca. 2700 cal yr B.P. to the present, fire episodes have become less common, occurring at intervals of 240±30 yr, and fire-sensitive forest taxa, such as Tsuga heterophylla and Picea sitchensis, have become more prominent. Fire occurrence during the mid-Holocene was similar to that of the more xeric forests in the eastern Coast Range and suggests that summer drought was widespread. After ca. 2700 cal yr B.P., a decrease in fire episode frequency suggests that cooler conditions and possibly increased summer fog allowed the establishment of present-day Picea sitchensis forests within the watershed. These results provide evidence that fire has been an important disturbance agent in the Coast Range of Oregon, and variations in fire frequency and climate have led to the establishment of present-day forests.  相似文献   

长江源各拉丹冬地区上三叠统巴贡组双壳类组合与环境初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汤朝阳  姚华舟  牛志军  段其发  赵小明  王建雄 《古地理学报》2007,9(1):59-68

研究区属北羌塘盆地，上三叠统巴贡组呈NW向带状分布于长江源各拉丹冬地区南北两侧（以往南部称土门格拉组），夹于金沙江缝合带南侧和中央隆起带之间，南部土门格拉一带产Cardium(Tulongocardium)martini-Trigonia(Kumatrigonia)huhxilensis组合，北部雀莫错一带产Halobia superbescens-Halobia　disperseinsecta组合和Amonotis togtonheensis-Cardium(Tulongocardium)xizangensis组合，反映的地质时代为诺利期，但南北部双壳类组合优势种明显不同。本文从物源区、沉积岩石类型及其组合、高频旋回沉积和古盐度、古水深、古气候及岩石地球化学和古生物特征角度，探讨南北巴贡组沉积古地理格局和双壳类组合的古生态，提出南部双壳类组合生活在盐度较低、氧化、干热、弱碱性浅水环境并繁盛于海泛晚期-海退期层位中，陆源物质供应充分而物种分异度不高；北部双壳类生活在盐度稍高、弱还原、温暖潮湿的较深水环境并繁盛于海侵-高水位期层位中，生物群面貌上的差异是同一地质时期南北不同的沉积环境造成的。  相似文献   

Species richness in patchy environments     

Pascal de Caprariis  Richard H. Lindemann 《Mathematical Geology》1978,10(1):73-90

The logical structure of species richness determinations is outlined in order to explain how their accuracy is affected by nonrandomly distributed populations. The transformation of a species-area curve to a species-range curve is discussed in general terms and conditions required for accurate species richness determinations are given. Applications of the approach to scleractinid coral and pine-tree communities illustrate the method.  相似文献   

桂林全新世石笋高分辨率δ¹³C记录及其古生态意义   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

覃嘉铭  林玉石  张美良  李红春 《第四纪研究》2000,20(4):351-358

桂林地区３个石笋分辨率达１０～１００ａ级的δ_１３Ｃ记录表明,全新世时期的古生态可以划分为森林植被由兴盛至退化(气候由暖湿至干凉)的３个旋回。早中期旋回人类活动影响较小,晚期旋回影响大,由于人类持续地对森林的破坏,草类植被得以生长,石漠化增强,石笋的δ_１３Ｃ值急速上升以后,很难再回复到全新世中期的水平。δ_１３Ｃ值大幅度跳跃式的下降,可以确定末次冰期旋回冰消期的终止点,其时限为１０ ７００ａＢ．Ｐ,与δ_１８Ｏ记录完全吻合,也可以与海洋氧同位素以及其它记录进行对比。  相似文献   

古湖泊学研究中的鱼化石埋藏学方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈平富 《现代地质》2000,14(3):379-384

鱼化石埋藏学方法在古湖泊环境研究中主要是利用鱼死亡及其骨骼解体和保存的方式 ,去推测湖泊的水文状况、沉积环境、群落结构、鱼类的生活史、死亡方式和保存特征等 ,这种方法的可行性取决于对现代湖泊中生物与环境对应关系的观察研究。在鱼化石埋藏学研究中 ,温度是决定鱼化石保存状况的主要因素 ,当水温在 1 5℃以上 ,多数鱼尸体就会因细菌腐解产生的气体而漂浮到水面 ,然后在水面上进一步腐烂 ,最后散落到湖底 ,或者被水流带到近岸区 ,遭受更强烈的破坏 ;当水温在 1 5℃以下时 ,鱼尸体可以保存在水底 ,直至被埋藏 ,在湖下层水氧气充足、有食腐动物生活的条件下 ,也可以被食腐动物破坏  相似文献   

有机生物地球化学与晚新生代古全球变化研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

贾国东  彭平安 《地学前缘》2005,12(2):179-187

有机生物地球化学在古全球变化研究中的应用越来越受到重视。在古海洋学领域,表层海水温度、海洋初级生产力的大小及其种群结构的变化对全球碳循环的影响、海底甲烷释放等关键性科学问题都需要有机生物地球化学积极参与。有机生物地球化学也能在陆地古生态系统中植被的演变、C3与C4植物的消长变化、湖泊水体环境的变化等方面作出独特的贡献。文中简要评述了上述内容的研究现状。  相似文献