城市污水处理厂升级改造工程设计与运行效果     

刘如玲  宋美芹 《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(1):134-140

为保护海洋环境,改善胶州湾的水污染现状,根据青岛市政府的要求对污水处理厂进行升级改造。主体生化工艺采用A2/O+移动床生物膜(MBBR)工艺,通过投加SPR-1生物填料,将好氧段改造为生物膜—活性污泥复合工艺。同时新建混凝、沉淀、过滤等深度处理设施。运行四年来,效果良好,抗冲击负荷能力强,可同时强化脱氮除磷,主要水质指标均稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。实践证明,该工艺可大幅减少工程量,具有运行管理简便、处理效率稳定等特点,较好地解决了市政污水厂升级改造中的难题,可为其他污水厂的升级改造提供借鉴。同时,污染物年减排量明显提高,团岛海域水质环境质量将得到进一步改善。  相似文献   

陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感的提出、实践和初步应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张运林  施坤  张毅博  孙晓  李娜  黄新  王玮佳  周永强  高阳辉  蔡宏  高晶 《遥感学报》2021,25(11):2163-2172

断面监测是准确掌握中国地表水水质和水环境变化特征,开展水环境成因机制分析、评价评估、治理修复和管理考核的重要基石。提高监测立体化、自动化、智能化水平是未来水生态环境监测的重要方向,可以切实提高中国生态环境监测现代化能力。本文针对全国地表水环境断面监测,首次提出陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感概念,有效补充和完善传统的卫星遥感和断面监测技术方法。通过与杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司（简称“海康威视”）开展合作研发,自主研制了国产高光谱成像仪,于2020-07-31—2020-08-17在太湖开展了复杂天况和水况场景下陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感实践应用,构建了透明度、悬浮物、总氮、总磷等关键水质参数高精度遥感反演算法,反演精度可达80%及以上。将相关算法植入高光谱成像仪中获得关键水质参数高频动态变化过程,精细刻画其时间演化过程。太湖陆基（地基、岸基）水环境遥感实践表明,在全国地表水监测断面架设国产高光谱成像仪开展关键水质参数高频精准观测具有广泛应用前景和市场推广价值,可以与卫星和无人机遥感形成天—空—地立体化遥感监测体系,结合断面人工巡测和自动观测开展协同监测。  相似文献   

Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river nitrogen,phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes          下载免费PDF全文

S. M. Powers  D. M. Robertson  E. H. Stanley 《水文研究》2014,28(24):5919-5937

Recently, effects of lakes and reservoirs on river nutrient export have been incorporated into landscape biogeochemical models. Because annual export varies with precipitation, there is a need to examine the biogeochemical role of lakes and reservoirs over time frames that incorporate interannual variability in precipitation. We examined long‐term (~20 years) time series of river export (annual mass yield, Y, and flow‐weighted mean annual concentration, C) for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended sediment (TSS) from 54 catchments in Wisconsin, USA. Catchments were classified as small agricultural, large agricultural, and forested by use of a cluster analysis, and these varied in lentic coverage (percentage of catchment lake or reservoir water that was connected to river network). Mean annual export and interannual variability (CV) of export (for both Y and C) were higher in agricultural catchments relative to forested catchments for TP, TN, and TSS. In both agricultural and forested settings, mean and maximum annual TN yields were lower in the presence of lakes and reservoirs, suggesting lentic denitrification or N burial. There was also evidence of long‐term lentic TP and TSS retention, especially when viewed in terms of maximum annual yield, suggesting sedimentation during high loading years. Lentic catchments had lower interannual variability in export. For TP and TSS, interannual variability in mass yield was often >50% higher than interannual variability in water yield, whereas TN variability more closely followed water (discharge) variability. Our results indicate that long‐term mass export through rivers depends on interacting terrestrial, aquatic, and meteorological factors in which the presence of lakes and reservoirs can reduce the magnitude of export, stabilize interannual variability in export, as well as introduce export time lags. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quantifying seasonal export and retention of nutrients in West European lowland rivers at catchment scale     

Jeroen J. M. de Klein  Albert A. Koelmans 《水文研究》2011,25(13):2102-2111

To set accurate critical values for the protection of lakes and coastal areas, it is crucial to know the seasonal variation of nutrient exports from rivers. This article presents an improved method for estimating export and in‐stream nutrient retention and its seasonal variation. For 13 lowland river catchments in Western Europe, inputs to surface water and exports were calculated on a monthly basis. The catchments varied in size (21 to 486 km²), while annual in‐stream retention ranged from 23 to 84% for N and 39 to 72% for P. A novel calculation method is presented that quantifies monthly exports from lowland rivers based on an annual load to the river system. Inputs in the calculation are annual emission to the surface waters, average monthly river discharge, average monthly water temperature and fraction of surface water area in the catchment. The method accounts for both seasonal variation of emission to the surface water and seasonal in‐stream retention. The agreement between calculated values and calibration data was high (N: r² = 0·93; p < 0·001 and P: r² = 0·81; p < 0·001). Validation of the model also showed good results with model efficiencies for the separate catchments ranging from 31 to 95% (average 76%). This indicates that exports of nitrogen and phosphorus on a monthly basis can be calculated with few input data for a range of West European lowland rivers. Further analysis showed that retention in summer is higher than that in winter, resulting in lower summer nutrient concentrations than that calculated with an average annual input. This implies that accurate evaluation of critical thresholds for eutrophication effects must account for seasonal variation in hydrology and nutrient loading. Our quantification method thus may improve the modelling of eutrophication effects in standing waters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics during runoff events over a transition from grassland to shrubland in the south‐western United States     

Laura Turnbull  John Wainwright  Richard E. Brazier 《水文研究》2011,25(1):1-17

During the last 150 years, land degradation across the semi‐arid grasslands of the south‐western United States has been associated with an increase in runoff and erosion. Concurrent with this increase in runoff and erosion is a loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which are plant‐essential nutrients. This study investigates the runoff‐driven redistribution and loss of dissolved and particulate‐bound N and P that occurs during natural runoff events over a trajectory of degradation, from grassland to degraded shrubland, in central New Mexico. Runoff‐driven nutrient dynamics were monitored at four stages over a transition from grassland to shrubland, for naturally occurring rainfall events over 10 × 30 m bounded runoff plots. Results show that particulate‐bound forms of N and P are responsible for most of N and P lost from the plots due to erosion occurring during runoff events. Results suggest that for high‐magnitude rainfall events, the output of N and P from the plots may greatly exceed the amount input into the plots, particularly over shrub‐dominated plots where erosion rates are higher. As these results only become apparent when monitoring these processes over larger hillslope plots, it is important to recognize that processes of nutrient cycling related to the islands of fertility hypothesis may have previously been overstated when observed only at smaller spatial scales. Thus, the progressive degradation of semi‐arid grassland ecosystems across the south‐western United States and other semi‐arid ecosystems worldwide has the potential to affect N and P cycling significantly through an increase in nutrient redistribution and loss in runoff. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stream exports of coarse matter and phosphorus following wildfire in NE Victoria,Australia     

Philip J. Noske  Patrick N. J. Lane  Gary J. Sheridan 《水文研究》2010,24(11):1514-1529

The temporal change in total phosphorus (TP) export from two burnt upland catchments is reported. Following wildfire in January 2003, two burnt forested headwater catchments (136 and 244 ha) in the East Kiewa valley, Victoria, were instrumented to measure discharge, turbidity and to collect stream water samples. In addition, samplers were positioned in the stream bed at the outlet of each catchment to continuously sample material transported along the bed of the stream. Approximately, every 2 weeks, the material collected by the stream bed samplers was weighed and sub‐sampled. The percentage of coarse (>1 and < 5 mm in diameter) mineral (including soil aggregates) and organic matter was determined and then analysed for TP. Between the first and third years after fire, sampled coarse matter and associated TP loads decreased by an average of 53% and 62%, respectively. Over the 3‐year study, the amount of coarse matter exported during winter/spring decreased considerably, whereas export rates during summer/autumn remained relatively constant. Coarse matter exports were estimated to be approaching pre‐fire levels after 3–4 years. Results on total suspended solids (TSS) TP and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) from a parallel study are incorporated to explore TP partitioning. TP exported with TSS dominated the total TP export loads, with coarse matter TP and TDP each contributing approximately 10% over the study period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE GROWTH OF A RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE SCRIPPSIELLA TROCHOIDEA (STEIN) LOEBLICH III     

秦晓明  钱培元  邹景忠 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1999,(3)

INTRODUCTIONRedtidecanadverselyaffectcoastalfisheriesbycausingthedeathofculturedfishandshrimporproducingtoxinsthatcanbeaccumulatedthroughfoodchains (Anderson ,1 989) .Phytoplanktonisoftenthemaincomponentofmanyredtides.AlongthecoastofJiaozhouBay ,P .R .China,theredtideismainlyformedbyadinoflagellate ,Scrippdiellatrochoidea ,duringsummer (JulytoSep tember)andthecelldensitycanreach 9.98× 1 0 7cells ml (Zou ,unpublisheddata) .Manyresearcherssuggestedthatredtideofphytoplanktonmightresultf…  相似文献   

珠江口横门大气氮、磷干湿沉降的初步研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

樊敏玲  王雪梅  王茜  林文实  金辉 《热带海洋学报》2010,29(1):51-56

通过对2006年12月至2007年11月中山横门的大气沉降采样分析, 初步探讨了珠江口大气氮、磷干湿沉降的特征。结果表明, 观测期间铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)降雨量加权平均浓度分别为0.82、0.52、2.14、0.039mg.L-1, 干湿总沉降通量分别为1.584、1.142、4.295和0.055g.m-2.a-1。NH4+-N、NO3--N和TN干、湿沉降通量相当, 而TP以湿沉降为主。TN大气沉降通量春、夏、秋三季相当, 均明显高于冬季, TP则以夏季最大, 秋季次之, 而冬季最小。  相似文献   

鼠尾藻生长、藻体成分及其生境的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜宏波  田相利  董双林  缪国荣  邹吉新  包杰 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(2)

对威海小石岛附近海区鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)的生长、藻体成分和水体中氮、磷等营养元素的月份变动情况进行了初步研究.结果表明,研究海区水体中硝酸氮的含量具有明显的月份变化,5～10月含量较低,11～4月含量较高;相对于硝酸态氮,氨氮的含量较低,随月份变动也较小;总无机氮的含量变化与硝酸氮含量变化趋于一致;总无机磷含量随月份的变动也较大,在2～6月含量较低,11～1月含量较高.鼠尾藻生长有着明显的月份变化,4～5月生长最快,6～7月藻体达到最大长度;侧枝一般在4月开始出现,7月达到最长.对鼠尾藻体内的碳、氮、磷、碳水化合物以及色素进行测定的结果表明,鼠尾藻体内的碳含量变化较小,一般在25.6%～33.0%之间;氮的含量变化较大,12～5月含量较高,超过3%,7～11月含量较低,低于3%;磷的含量也具有很大的波动,在11～4月含量较高,5～10月含量较低.色素含量具有明显的月份变化,12～3月含量较高,7～10月含量较低.碳水化合物含量在4～7月时较高,最低出现在8～9月.  相似文献   

某工程深基坑回弹观测及建筑物沉降观测、成果分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王金明  贾亮  徐国双 《北京测绘》2009,(1)

在深埋基础建筑的施工中,基础底面将经历回弹-再压缩-附加沉降的过程。本文通过对具体工程的变形观测,概述了其特点、实施过程中的难点,对现场采集到的数据进行统计、分析,总结出变形量的分布特点及一般规律。同时观测结果验证了对高层建筑部分地基进行加固处理的设计方案明显地改善具有高低差异建筑群的沉降分布状况,大大减少了差异沉降。  相似文献