北冰洋中心区表层海水营养盐水平及浮游植物群落对快速融冰的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

庄燕培  金海燕  陈建芳  王斌  李宏亮  陈法锦  卢勇  徐杰 《极地研究》2012,24(2):151-158

本文依托2010夏季中国第四次北极科学考察,通过对高纬度极地冰下水和冰芯的营养盐的连续观测及表层水颗粒物的藻类色素分析,获取了夏季快速融冰下冰水界面营养盐和光合色素的分布信息。结果表明调查期间表层水磷酸盐和硅酸盐相对于无机氮更丰富（依据Redfield比值）,表现为显著的氮限制。而冰芯无机氮浓度相对更高,融冰释放对水体无机氮有一定的补充。色素分析显示岩藻黄素（Fuco）和叶绿素a（Chl a）是水体颗粒物的主要光合色素。在8/15至8/18期间,叶绿素c（Chl c）、硅藻黄素（Diato）、硅甲藻黄素（Diadino）和岩藻黄素（Fuco）分别达到6,22,73和922μg/m3,体现了硅藻在群落中的优势地位。岩藻黄素（Fuco）的浓度在融冰快速期间有巨大的提升,主要来源于冰芯底部释放的衰老的冰生硅藻和浮游硅藻的生长。此外,青绿黄素（Prasino）和叶黄素（Lut）与岩藻黄素（Fuco）分布模式有明显的差异,暗示青绿藻和绿藻与硅藻对海冰融化的不同响应。  相似文献   

高产油突变藻株Desmodesmus sp. D90G-19 的光合作用特征     

张蕾  胡光荣  范勇  袁程  杨晓红  李福利 《海洋科学》2013,37(11):21-26

Desmodesmus sp.S-1 藻株经重离子诱变后得到的一株突变体D90G-19, 较其野生型的油脂产率提高了20.6%; 同时对野生型和突变株的光合放氧速率, 色素组成和叶绿素荧光动力学进行了分析。与野生型相比, 突变体D90G-19 的光合作用有如下特点: 1. D90G-19 的光饱和点为500 μmol/(m²·s), 无论是在强光还是在弱光下, D90G-19 的光合作用效率都显著高于其野生型; 2. 突变体D90G-19 对高温的适应性比野生型强; 3.在弱碱性条件下,D90G-19 的光合效率的提升较之野生型更为显著。培养D90G-19 的最佳光照强度应在250～400 μmol/(m²· s)之间, 最适温度在25~30℃, 培养液pH 值则以弱碱性为宜(7相似文献   

土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦旗叶光合特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

任三学  赵花荣  姜朝阳  谭凯炎 《气象科技》2010,38(1):114-119

以土壤水分适宜做对照(CK),轻度水分胁迫(50%～70%)、中度水分胁迫(小于50%)3种处理在河北固城可控式土壤水分试验场,选择冬小麦灌浆初期的晴朗天气,采用Li-Cor 6400便携式光合作用仪,观测了3种处理的冬小麦旗叶光合作用参数的日变化。试验结果表明:土壤水分适宜时冬小麦旗叶净光合速率的日变化为"单峰型",未出现明显的"午休"现象,水分胁迫的处理都呈"双峰型",中度胁迫反而比轻度胁迫光合"午休"要短2h;3种处理的蒸腾速率日变化都呈"双峰型",气孔导度是反映叶片气体交换的重要指标,蒸腾速率与气孔导度成极显著正相关;土壤水分适宜或土壤干旱时冬小麦旗叶对环境变化的应变性较迟钝;轻度水分胁迫时冬小麦旗叶净光合速率比CK高2.8%～9.0%,蒸腾速率与CK基本相近,水分利用效率(WUE)比CK高10.6%～12.9%,这可能是一定程度的水分胁迫下冬小麦节水增产的生理调节机理。  相似文献   

淮北棉区花铃期冠层不同高度叶片光合特性的差异     

周晓冬  李永秀  张雪松  申双和 《南京气象学院学报》2009,32(5):673-676

基于多层二叶模型,在自然群体条件下,将棉花冠层分为上、中、下三层,研究淮北棉花花铃期冠层上、中、下层,阴叶（无直射光照射）与阳叶（有直射光照射）的光合特性的差异。结果表明,同一高度阳叶的光量子通量密度与光合速率显著大于阴叶;不同高度叶片光量子通量密度与光合速率均表现为上层阳叶〉中层阳叶〉下层阳叶,上层阴叶〉中层阴叶〉下层阴叶;上层阳叶气孔导度大于阴叶,中、下层阴、阳叶的气孔导度无显著差异;上部叶片气孔导度〉中部叶片〉下部叶片;同一高度阳叶胞间二氧化碳浓度显著小于阴叶,随着冠层深度（形态学自上而下）的增加,两者差异增大;不同高度叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度随着冠层深度的增加,呈增加趋势,阳叶差异不显著,阴叶差异显著。  相似文献   

The Use of Pigment Signatures to Assess Phytoplankton Assemblage Structure in Estuarine Waters     

A. Ansotegui  J. M. Trigueros  E. Orive 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2001,52(6):689

The seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll a and the main accessory pigments accompanied by microscopic observations on live and fixed material were investigated in the Urdaibai estuary, Spain. Fucoxanthin was the dominant pigment during the peak in chlorophyll a, with which it was strongly correlated. Concentrations of fucoxanthin (81·30 μg l⁻¹) in the upper estuary were amongst the highest found in the literature, and were mainly associated with diatoms and symbiotic dinoflagellates. In the lower estuary, fucoxanthin showed values typical of coastal waters (<5 μg l⁻¹) and was mainly due to diatoms and prymnesiophytes. Chlorophyllb concentration was high along the estuary, followed the same seasonal pattern as chlorophyll a, and was associated with the presence of euglenophytes, chlorophytes and prasinophytes. High values of 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin were often measured, but no organisms containing this pigment were observed in live or fixed samples. Alloxanthin and peridinin were found in low concentrations which was in agreement with cell counts of cryptophytes and peridinin-containing dinoflagellates. Two main patterns of phytoplankton assemblages were observed along the estuary. In the upper segments, during the chlorophylla maximum fucoxanthin containing algae masked the other algal groups, which were relatively more abundant during or after enhanced river flows. In the lower estuary, although dominated by fucoxanthin-containing algae, the other algal groups were important all year around. In this study, the use of diagnostic pigments has provided considerable insight into the temporal and spatial dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages by detecting phytoplankton taxa generally underestimated or overlooked by microscopy.  相似文献   

Molecular and carbon isotopic analysis of individual biological markers: evidence for sources of organic matter and paleoenvironmental conditions in the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Group, Illinois Basin, U.S.A.     

John M. Guthrie 《Organic Geochemistry》1996,25(8):439-460

Variations in the carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C) of pristane, phytane, n-heptadecane (n-C₁₇), C₂₉ ααα 20R sterane, and aryl isoprenoids provide evidence for a diverse community of algal and bacterial organisms in organic matter of the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Group of the Illinois Basin. Carbon isotopic compositions of pristane and phytane from the Maquoketa are positively covariant (r = 0.964), suggesting that these compounds were derived from a common source inferred to be primary producers (algae) from the oxygenated photic zone. A variation of 3‰ in δ¹³C values (−31 to −34‰) for pristane and phytane indicates that primary producers utilized variable sources of inorganic carbon. Average isotopic compositions of n-C₁₇ (−32‰) and C₂₉ ααα 20R sterane (−31‰) are enriched in ¹³C relative to pristane and phytane (−33‰) suggesting that these compounds were derived from a subordinate group of primary producers, most likely eukaryotic algae. In addition, a substantial enrichment of ¹³C in aryl isoprenoids (−14 to −18‰) and the identification of tetramethylbenzene in pyrolytic products of Maquoketa kerogen indicate a contribution from photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria to the organic matter. The presence of anaerobic, photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria in organic matter of the Maquoketa indicates that anoxic conditions extended into the photic zone.The δ¹³C of n-alkanes and the identification of an unusual suite of straight-chain n-alkylarenes in the m/z 133 fragmentograms of Ordovician rocks rich in Gloeocapsomorpha prisca (G. prisca) indicate that G. prisca did not contribute to the organic matter of the Maquoketa Group.  相似文献   

Standing stock and community structure of photosynthetic picoplankton in the northern South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

NING Xiuren  LI W K W  CAI Yuming  LIU Chenggang  SHI Junxian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(2):57-76

1 Introduction Forthe lastm ore than 20 a,ow ing to the develop-m ent of observation and experim ent technologies form arine m icroorganism s,m arine biologistshave discov-ered m any m icroorganism s w hich are difficult to beobserved by com m on m icroscope before. T hus, thecognition to the m arine phytoplankton com m unitiesand the structure of food chains has achieved im por-tantprogress.E specially,w ith the developm entand ap-plication of epifluorescence m icroscopy and flow cy-tom etry…  相似文献   

Distribution and Seasonal Variability of Organic Matter in a Small Eutrophicated Salt Lake     

《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2000,51(6):705

Distribution and seasonal variability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and surface active substances (SAS) were studied along the depth profile (15 m) in a small eutrophicated and periodically anoxic sea lake (Rogoznica Lake, Eastern Adriatic coast) in 1996 and 1997. The range of DOC concentrations was characteristic for productive coastal marine ecosystems (60% of samples in the range of 1–2 mg l⁻¹and 40% between 2 and 3 mg l⁻¹). Distribution of SAS concentrations was uniform and shifted toward higher concentrations in comparison to other coastal areas in the Adriatic Sea. Eutrophication in the lake is generated by nutrient recycling under anaerobic conditions. Systematically higher concentrations of chlorophyll a, DOC and SAS were determined at the chemocline in the bottom layer (10–12 m) than in the upper water layer (0·5–2 m). Seasonal variability of organic matter was discussed regarding distributions of microphytoplankton (cells >20 μm) and photosynthetic pigments as well as oxygen and salinity changes along the depth profile. The dissolved oxygen saturation reaching up to 300% in the water layer between 8 m and 10 m depths in May and June 1996, was correlated with enhanced concentrations of phytoplankton biomass (reflected as chl a and b, fucoxanthin, peridinin, zeaxanthin) and increased concentrations of DOC and SAS.  相似文献   

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile: A Structural Study of the Photosynthetic Apparatus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Mariani  Colombo  N. Rascio  F. Cinelli 《Marine Ecology》1983,4(2):133-145

Abstract. P. oceanica forms broad prairies which completely surround the island of Ischia. This is a histochemical and ultrastructural study of the photosynthetic apparatus of the Posidonia plant. In the leaf, epidermal cells have a porous region underneath the cuticle and contain most of the chloroplasts. Fiber bundles run hypodermally and phenol storing cells are present in the mesophyll. Chloroplast ontogenesis is characterized by juvenile stages with provesicular bodies. Sea depth apparently affects some morphological features of the photosynthetic apparatus, like leaf blade thickness, phenolic cell and hypodermal fiber frequency.  相似文献   

A comparative study of the photosynthetic activity among three temperate seagrass species in Northern Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maria Luisa Sasil-Orbita  & Hiroshi Mukai 《Marine Ecology》2006,27(4):388-396

The photosynthetic activity of Zostera marina, Zostera asiatica and Phyllospadix iwatensis shoots from populations of Hokkaido (Northern Japan) was determined using the pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. Several fluorescence parameters were measured as a function of irradiance and leaf age: electron transport rate (ETR), quantum yield, photochemical quenching (qP) and non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ). The leaf age determined by the leaf position in the shoot bundle strongly influenced the photosynthetic activity of Z. marina, Z. asiatica and P. iwatensis. Young leaves had the maximum electron transport rate (Zm: Leaf 1 = 15.7, Leaf 2 = 16.3; Za: Leaf 1 = 13.0, Leaf 2 = 12.2; and Pi: Leaf 1 = 12.5, Leaf 2 = 11.7) and showed higher photoprotection (NPQ) than old leaves. Among the studied seagrass species, Z. marina had the highest photosynthetic activity (ETR_max = 15.3), in accordance with the highest production in the field in comparison with the other two seagrass species. The PAM fluorometry technique showed to be effective in determining intraspecific (among‐leaves) and interspecific (among‐species) variation in seagrass photosynthetic activity.  相似文献