极地寡营养细菌(Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov.)色素的提取及其理化性质的研究     

刘彬  戚向阳  杨季芳 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(1):106-113

以分离自南极海洋的寡营养细菌所产的褐色素为试验材料,进行了该色素的提取和稳定性分析。结果表明,色素粗品至少含有3种以上不同的褐色素,该褐色素易溶于水和甲醇;最大吸收波长为214nm;在pH≥4.0、热、光照(自然光与紫外线)下都能表现出良好的稳定性;抗H2O2、HNO3氧化能力强,NaClO对其破坏较大;Na2SO3、抗坏血酸对其有护色作用;Fe3+、Fe2+和Pb2+则有一定的破坏作用,Mg2+对该色素有护色作用,其它金属离子影响不大。试验表明,寡营养细菌褐色素在稳定性上呈现出一定优势,具有作为一种天然色素资源的开发和应用价值。  相似文献   

Community structure of picoplankton abundance and biomass in the southern Huanghai Sea during the spring and autumn of 2006   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LE Fengfeng  NING Xiuren  LIU Chenggang  HAO Qiang  SHI Junxian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(1):58-68

During spring and autumn of 2006,the investigations on abundance,carbon biomass and distribution of picoplankton were carried out in the southern Huanghai Sea(Yellow Sea,sHS) . Three groups of picoplankton-Synechococcus(Syn) ,Picoeukaryotes(PEuk) and heterotrophic bacteria(BAC) were identified,but Prochlorococcus(Pro) was undetected. The average abundance of Syn and PEuk was lower in spring(5.0 and 1.3 × 10 3 cells/cm 3,respectively) than in autumn(92.4 and 2.7 × 10 3 cells/cm 3,respectively) ,but it was opposite for BAC(1.3 and 0.7 × 10 6 cells/cm 3 in spring and autumn,respectively) . And the total carbon biomass of picoplankton was higher in spring(37.23 ± 11.67) mg/m 3 than in autumn(21.29 ± 13.75) mg/m 3 . The ratios of the three cell abundance were 5:1:1 341 and 30:1:124 in spring and autumn,respectively. And the ratios of carbon biomass of them were 5:7:362 and 9:4:4 in spring and autumn,respectively. Seasonal distribution characteristics of Syn,PEuk,BAC were quite different from each other. In spring,Syn abundance decreased in turn in the central waters(where phytoplankton bloom in spring occurred) ,the southern waters and inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula(where even Syn was undetected) ;the high values of PEuk abundance appeared in the central and southern waters and the inshore of the Shandong Peninsula;the abundance of BAC was nearly three order of magnitude higher than that of photosynthetic picoplankton,and high values appeared in the central waters. In autumn,Syn abundance in central waters was higher than that in surrounding waters,while for PEuk abundance,it decreased in turn in the inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula,the southern waters and the central waters;BAC presented a complicated blocky type distribution. Sub-surface maximum of each group of picopalnkton appeared in both spring and autumn. Compared with the available literatures concerning the studied area,the range of Syn abundance was larger,and the abundance of BAC was higher. In addition,the conversion factors for calculating picoplanktonic carbon biomass were discussed,with the conversion factors which are different from previous studies in the same surveyed waters. The result of regression analysis showed that there was distinct positive correlation between BAC and photosynthetic picoplankton in spring(r=0.61,P 0.001) ,but no correlation was found in autumn.  相似文献   

红树秋茄色素的抗氧化活性研究     

范润珍  宋文东  林宏图  吴湛霞 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(4)

通过测定红树植物秋茄叶色素对羟基自由基(·OH)和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的清除作用,探讨了红树秋茄叶色素的抗氧化活性.结果表明,红树秋茄叶色素对羟基自由基和DPPH·自由基皆表现出良好的清除作用,该色素具有较强的抗氧化活性,且其清除作用与其量之间呈一定的量效关系.  相似文献   

光照强度和盐度对长心卡帕藻生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵素芬  何培民 《热带海洋学报》2009,28(1)

在室内采用静置培养法研究了光照强度和盐度对红色和绿色品系长心卡帕藻Kappaphycus alvarezii生长的影响,主要测定了不同光照强度(30、65、110、150和200μmol·(m2·s)-1)和不同盐度(23、28、32、35和41)对这2种藻的生长率、成活率、色素含量及其吸收光谱的影响.红色品系长心卡帕藻适宜的光照强度范围为30-65μmol·(m2·s)-1,光照强度为30μmol·(m2·s)-1时培养,其成活率和日生长率都最高,分别达100%和1.25%,强光下培养生长率和成活率明显下降;红色品系长心卡帕藻适宜的盐度范围为28-32,最适为32.绿色品系长心卡帕藻适宜150-200μmol·(m2·s)-1的强光,150μmol·(m2·s)-1光照强度下培养日生长率最高,达1.05%,各种光照强度下培养其成活率变化不大;绿色品系长心卡帕藻适宜的盐度范围为23-32,最适为23.不同光照强度和盐度条件下培养,长心卡帕藻体内的色素含量会发生变化,而色素含量与其生长率有或没有明显的相关关系.不同光照强度、盐度条件下培养,藻体内的色素吸收光谱特性不变.以上研究结果对我国长心卡帕藻的栽培生产具有一定的指导意义.  相似文献   

Summer phytoplankton pigments and community composition related to water mass properties in the Gulf of Gabes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M. Bel Hassen  Z. Drira  A. Hamza  H. Ayadi  F. Akrout  H. Issaoui 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,77(4):645-656

Variations in phytoplankton pigments and community composition were examined in the Gulf of Gabes in relationship to water mass properties, characterised by the influence of the Modified Atlantic Water and by the thermal stratification. Data were collected on board the R/V Hannibal during July 2005.Distinct water masses were identified using cluster analysis of temperature–salinity (T–S) characteristics. Three major clusters appeared based on the combined effects of temperature and salinity. The first cluster was identified as the cool and less salty bottom Modified Atlantic Water (MAW). The warmer and saltier Mediterranean Mixed Water (MMW) represented the second cluster. The third cluster was the Transition Water (TW) separating the two previous clusters.The pigment and taxonomic composition of these water masses were examined. Chlorophyll a was rather low (<200 ng l⁻¹). Chlorophyll b was generally the most abundant accessory pigment and fucoxanthin dominated the accessory pigments in the MAW. Proportions of chlorophyll a associated with different phytoplankton classes were estimated using CHEMTAX software, and did not present significant variations among water groups. The results pointed out variations in the relative contribution of each phytoplankton taxa in each station group. Chlorophytes and prasinophytes accounted for 65% of chlorophyll a in the MMW. Diatoms and chlorophytes were relatively abundant in the MAW contributing to almost 63% of chlorophyll a. An unstructured community, slightly dominated by prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cryptophytes, characterised the TW. Different trophic statuses were observed in these water masses, the MMW and the MAW being characterised by mesotrophy, while an oligotrophy was observed in the TW. Nutrient availability, particularly the P-limitation supported by the summer stratification, as revealed by the high N:P ratio (greater than 20), seems to enhance the development of small-sized phytoplankton, thereby supporting the regenerated production.  相似文献   

Grazing impact of microzooplankton on phytoplankton in the Xiamen Bay using pigment-specific dilution technique   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

HUANG Bangqin  LIU Yuan  XIANG Weiguo  TIAN Haojie  LIU Hongbin  CAO Zhenrui  HONG Huasheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(5):147-162

Phytoplankton group-specific growth and microzooplankton grazing were determined seasonally using the dilution technique with high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） in the Xiamen Bay, a subtropical bay in southeast China, between May 2003 and February 2004. The results showed that growth rates of phytoplankton ranged from 0.71 to 2.2 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in May. Mierozooplankton grazing rates ranged from 0.5 to 3.1 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in August. Microzooplankton grazing impact ranged from 39% to 95% on total phytoplankton Chl a biomass, and 65% to 181% on primary production. The growth and grazing rates of each phytoplankton group varied, the highest growth rate （up to 3.3 d^-1 ） was recorded for diatoms in August, while the maximum grazing rate （ up to 2.1 d ^-1 ） was recorded for chlorophytes in February in the inner bay. Among main phytoplankton groups, grazing pressure of microzooplankton ranged from 10% to 83% on Chl a biomass, and from 14% to 151% on primary production. The highest grazing pressure on biomass was observed for cryptophytes （83%） in August, while the maximum grazing pressure on primary production was observed for eyanobacteria （up to 151% ） in December in the inner bay. Net growth rates of larger phytoplanktons （diatoms and dinoflagellates） were higher than those of smaller groups （ prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cyanobacteria）. Relative preference index showed that microzooplankton grazed preferentially on prasinophytes and avoided to harvest diatoms in cold seasons （December and February）.  相似文献   

北冰洋中心区表层海水营养盐水平及浮游植物群落对快速融冰的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

庄燕培  金海燕  陈建芳  王斌  李宏亮  陈法锦  卢勇  徐杰 《极地研究》2012,24(2):151-158

本文依托2010夏季中国第四次北极科学考察,通过对高纬度极地冰下水和冰芯的营养盐的连续观测及表层水颗粒物的藻类色素分析,获取了夏季快速融冰下冰水界面营养盐和光合色素的分布信息。结果表明调查期间表层水磷酸盐和硅酸盐相对于无机氮更丰富（依据Redfield比值）,表现为显著的氮限制。而冰芯无机氮浓度相对更高,融冰释放对水体无机氮有一定的补充。色素分析显示岩藻黄素（Fuco）和叶绿素a（Chl a）是水体颗粒物的主要光合色素。在8/15至8/18期间,叶绿素c（Chl c）、硅藻黄素（Diato）、硅甲藻黄素（Diadino）和岩藻黄素（Fuco）分别达到6,22,73和922μg/m3,体现了硅藻在群落中的优势地位。岩藻黄素（Fuco）的浓度在融冰快速期间有巨大的提升,主要来源于冰芯底部释放的衰老的冰生硅藻和浮游硅藻的生长。此外,青绿黄素（Prasino）和叶黄素（Lut）与岩藻黄素（Fuco）分布模式有明显的差异,暗示青绿藻和绿藻与硅藻对海冰融化的不同响应。  相似文献   

开花后淹水对两个冬小麦品种旗叶光合性能的影响研究     

毕明  李福海  王秀兰 《气象与环境科学》2012,35(1):38-42

选用小麦品种济麦20和泰农18,采用池栽补灌淹水方法,研究开花期及灌浆期3d、6d、9d、12d淹水对小麦旗叶光合性能及籽粒产量的影响。淹水期间光合性能降低,淹水后光合性能有所恢复。灌浆前淹水提高了灌浆中后期光合性能,但以后光合性能迅速降低。除淹水3d外,两时期6-12d淹水均引起籽粒产量降低。产量降低的主导因素是粒数的减少,其次是粒重的降低。  相似文献   

土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦旗叶光合特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

任三学  赵花荣  姜朝阳  谭凯炎 《气象科技》2010,38(1):114-119

以土壤水分适宜做对照(CK),轻度水分胁迫(50%～70%)、中度水分胁迫(小于50%)3种处理在河北固城可控式土壤水分试验场,选择冬小麦灌浆初期的晴朗天气,采用Li-Cor 6400便携式光合作用仪,观测了3种处理的冬小麦旗叶光合作用参数的日变化。试验结果表明:土壤水分适宜时冬小麦旗叶净光合速率的日变化为"单峰型",未出现明显的"午休"现象,水分胁迫的处理都呈"双峰型",中度胁迫反而比轻度胁迫光合"午休"要短2h;3种处理的蒸腾速率日变化都呈"双峰型",气孔导度是反映叶片气体交换的重要指标,蒸腾速率与气孔导度成极显著正相关;土壤水分适宜或土壤干旱时冬小麦旗叶对环境变化的应变性较迟钝;轻度水分胁迫时冬小麦旗叶净光合速率比CK高2.8%～9.0%,蒸腾速率与CK基本相近,水分利用效率(WUE)比CK高10.6%～12.9%,这可能是一定程度的水分胁迫下冬小麦节水增产的生理调节机理。  相似文献   

淮北棉区花铃期冠层不同高度叶片光合特性的差异     

周晓冬  李永秀  张雪松  申双和 《南京气象学院学报》2009,32(5):673-676

基于多层二叶模型,在自然群体条件下,将棉花冠层分为上、中、下三层,研究淮北棉花花铃期冠层上、中、下层,阴叶（无直射光照射）与阳叶（有直射光照射）的光合特性的差异。结果表明,同一高度阳叶的光量子通量密度与光合速率显著大于阴叶;不同高度叶片光量子通量密度与光合速率均表现为上层阳叶〉中层阳叶〉下层阳叶,上层阴叶〉中层阴叶〉下层阴叶;上层阳叶气孔导度大于阴叶,中、下层阴、阳叶的气孔导度无显著差异;上部叶片气孔导度〉中部叶片〉下部叶片;同一高度阳叶胞间二氧化碳浓度显著小于阴叶,随着冠层深度（形态学自上而下）的增加,两者差异增大;不同高度叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度随着冠层深度的增加,呈增加趋势,阳叶差异不显著,阴叶差异显著。  相似文献