A Study on the Meat and Bone Meal and Poultry By-product Meal as Protein Substitutes of Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei Juveniles     

ZHU Wei )  )*  MAI Kangsen )  ZHANG Baigang )  WANG Fuzhen )  YU Yu )) College of Fisheries  Ocean University of China  Qingdao  P..R.China) Liuhe Group Co. Ltd  Qingdao  P..R.China) National Renderers Association  Inc of USA  Hong Kong  P..R.China) Laiyang Agriculture College  Qingdao  P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(2):157-160

1　Introduction　Proteinisanimportantnutritionalingredientofaquaticfeed .Thehighproteinneedsoffish ,shrimpandmostotheraquaticanimalsissuppliedmainlybyfishmeal (WilliamsandBarlow ,1996 ) .Recently ,thefishmeal,asamainproteinsourceofaquaticfeedisshort suppliedintheinternationalmarketanditspriceisbecominghigherandhigher .Therefore ,itisnecessarytofindsubstitutesoffishmealasaproteinsourceofaquaticfeed .　Someotheranimalby productmealssuchasmeatandbonemeal (MBM )andpoultryby productmeal(PBM )ha…  相似文献   

Microhabitat distribution of metazoan parasites on gills ofSilurus asotus in Jiangkou Reservoir, Jiangxi Province, China     

Nie Pin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(1):54-60

This paper deals with the proportional distribution, niche breadth and niche overlap of two metazoan parasites (copepods species,Ergasilus anchoratus Markewitsch, 1946 andPseudergasilus parasiluri Yamaguti, 1936) and monogeneans (in the genusSilurodiscoides Gussev, 1976) found on gills of the fish,Silurus asotus L. from Jiangkou Reservoir in Jiangxi Province, China.E. anchoratus was the common and dominant metazoan parasite on gills of the fish in this locality as indicated by the higher infection levels, and distributed almost evenly on gill arches without any observed gill-arch preference, as shown by the wide proportional distribution and broad niche breadth.P. parasiluri and monogeneans inSilurodiscoides were found also without any significant gill-arch preference although they had a rather narrow niche breadth. The observed significant overlap betweenP. parasiluri andSilurodiscoides spp. may be simply due to the lower infection levels of the parasites. The observed pattern of unrestricted distributions of the parasitic copepods on gills of the fish may be accounted for, at least in part, by the moving ability of the copepods, and may also indicate that the parasite does not exhibit any feature of gill-arch preference. However, further experimental research is needed to verify the microhabitat distribution of the parasites. Project 39370122 supported by NSFC.  相似文献   

五种海洋鱼类消化道G细胞的定位   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

韩师昭  朱艾嘉  叶海辉  黄辉洋 《海洋科学》2008,32(1):52-55

应用胃泌素多克隆抗体和链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶免疫组织化学方法(SP法),对中华乌塘鳢(Bostrichthys sinensis)、黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)、牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、褐篮子鱼(Sigauns fusces-ens)和大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)消化道胃泌素细胞(G细胞)进行免疫组化鉴别和定位。结果显示:中华乌塘鳢G细胞主要分布在小肠,直肠偶见。黄鳍鲷G细胞仅在小肠发现。牙鲆G细胞大量位于幽门胃和小肠。褐篮子鱼G细胞在幽门盲囊和小肠有少量分布。大弹涂鱼G细胞在贲门胃、幽门胃和小肠均有出现,大量分布于幽门胃。5种鱼类G细胞主要出现在胃和小肠的分布状况,与胃泌素调节胃肠消化吸收的功能相一致。5种鱼类G细胞形态类型多样,提示了胃泌素以不同的内分泌方式参与消化生理过程。  相似文献   

东海、黄海底层鱼类数量分布季节变化的因子分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘勇  程家骅 《海洋学报》2008,30(4):123-130

根据2000年春(4月)、夏(6月)、秋(9月)、冬(12月)四季东海、黄海底拖网鱼类资源调查资料,使用因子分析的方法分析了该海域鱼类数量分布的季节变化特征。R型分析发现,春季关系最密切的鱼种有4种:斑鳐、凤鲚、海鳗和黑鳃梅童鱼;夏季有5种:鳀、小黄鱼、黄鮟鱇、绿鳍鱼和长蛇鲻;秋季也有5种:带鱼、灰鲳、虻鲉、日本鲭和小黄鱼;冬季有3种:带鱼、鳄齿鱼和发光鲷。历史资源调查证实,夏季的这5个鱼种之间以摄食与被摄食关系为主。进一步分析发现,各季节关系密切的鱼种所聚集分布的水域,正是这些鱼种各季对应的生理周期洄游分布的主要水域。根据Q型分析可以得到各季的综合优势鱼种及其优势分布水域,发现带鱼和小黄鱼是东海、黄海渔业资源的绝对优势鱼种,除了带鱼、小黄鱼以外,其他的综合优势鱼种都是一些价值较低的、生长速度较快的小型鱼类。  相似文献   

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF POLYETHYLENIMINE AND NICKEL CHLORIDE IN RED SEA BREAM（Pagrosomus major）FIN CELL LINE RSBF     

郭华荣  张士璀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(4):323-331

A continuous marine fish cell line RSBF(i.e.Red Sea Bream Fin)was utilized to screen the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of polyethylenimine(PEI)and nickel cholride(NiCl2)in this study on the deleterious effects of aquatic genotoxins on fish.At the 0.01 to 1μgml concentration tested,PEI had acute toxicity to the treated RSBF cells(IC50=1.12,0.92,0.88 and 0.64μg/ml PEI for time 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after treatment,respectively)and markedly inhibited their proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.At the 0.001 to 5 μmol/L concentration tested,NiCl2 posed no acute toxicity but significantly stimulated their growth(107?214?of control).Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was used to detect the genotoxic effects of PEI and NiCl2 by comparing the RAPD banding patterns of the control and treated cells.RAPD analysis indicated that at the concentrations tested,PEI was more genotoxic than NiCl2 to RSBF cells;that there was a slight dose-dependent response in the genotoxic effect of PEI bue not NiCl2;and that RAPD technique might provide a sensitive,non-specif-ic gentoxic endpoint.And the potent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PEI on fish cells showed that we should be cautious in utilizing it as gene vector in fish gene transfer and human gene therapy.  相似文献   

新疆渔业资源WebGIS平台的设计与实现     

刘子健  陈家赢  汪善勤 《测绘科学》2016,41(7):115-120

针对额尔齐斯河、伊犁河及额敏河三河流域的水生生物和鱼类资源现状、鱼类生物学调查及水生生态环境监测等研究活动中日益增长的需求,该文提出了一套符合现有科学数据规范的信息标准体系与渔业数据规范的设计,将当前Web技术与GIS空间信息技术相结合,采用J2EE轻量级开发框架与OpenLayers JavaScript开源库作为基础,实现了关于新疆跨境河流渔业资源调查信息的"一站式"数据共享平台,为新疆地区主要跨境河流的水生生态及鱼类资源调查提供了稳定可靠的数据存储、管理、统计分析以及共享等服务。系统运行测试结果表明:该渔业资源数据平台保证了渔业资源调查中的数据质量与管理效率,促进了新疆地区的渔业资源利用的可持续发展。  相似文献   

响应面法优化各种配料对带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)鱼肉肠的品质影响分析     

李海波  李桂芬  梁佳  王婷  谢超 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1088-1095

传统的鱼肉肠主要以鱼糜为原料,在生产过程中添加各种辅料而制成的营养价值很高的产品。本文以低值小带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)鱼糜为研究对象,采用响应面分析法,以质构(硬度)等特征为考察指标,研究了脂肪含量、淀粉含量、猪肉含量对带鱼鱼肉肠的质构特性和感官指标的影响,确定了带鱼鱼肉肠的最佳生产工艺参数。研究结果表明:当脂肪添加量为6.8%,淀粉添加量为7.4%,猪肉和鱼肉质量比为1︰5时,鱼肉肠的质构和感官指标均均达到最佳状态。本研究为低值小带鱼鱼肉肠的加工工艺提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

温度和流速对细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)幼鱼游泳能力的影响及其与呼吸代谢的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐革锋  牟振波  韩英  刘洋  郝其睿  白庆利 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(4):786-792

通过鱼类游泳代谢测定装置,研究了5个温度(4、8、12、16和20°C)水平下细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)幼鱼的爆发游泳速度(BS)、临界游泳速度(UCrit)及其测定过程中的呼吸代谢率和不同恒定流速临条件下的最大续航游泳时间,并分析比较了幼鱼摄食与空腹状态下相关测试指标的差异,探讨了温度和流速对细鳞鲑幼鱼游泳能力的影响。结果表明,5个温度水平下摄食组和空腹组细鳞鲑幼鱼的BS不存在显著差异(P0.05),且各实验组的BS对温度均无依赖关系,其摄食组和空腹组的线性拟合方程分别为Y摄食=–0.0336x2+0.2424x+0.27(R2=0.929)和Y空腹=–0.045x2+0.317x+0.192(R2=0.9158);5个温度水平下,摄食组和空腹组细鳞鲑幼鱼的UCrit分别为:(0.42±0.0038)和(0.43±0.001)、(0.42±0.0038)和(0.46±0.0099)、(0.46±0.0025)和(0.47±0.0076)、(0.43±0.0081)和(0.43±0.0010)、0.47±0.0014和(0.48±0.0012)m/s,且随着温度升高和流速增大,摄食组较空腹组的呼吸耗氧率分别增加了17.80%(4°C)、32.24%(8°C)、19.39%(12°C)、39.39%(16°C)和19.48%(20°C);在最适温度条件下(16°C),不同测试流速对摄食组和空腹组细鳞鲑幼鱼的最大续航游泳时间存在显著性差异(P0.05),采用非线性拟合得到了8个测试流速与最大续航游泳关系的幂函数模型,由幂函数方程可知,最大续航游泳时间与测试流速呈负相关性,摄食组与空腹组存在显著性差异(P0.05),且随着流速增大,其最大续航游泳时间缩减剧烈。本研究认为,在设计大坝鱼道过程中应充分考虑不同温度条件和摄食条件下鱼类的爆发游泳速度和临界游泳速度参数,且如果考虑春秋季节细鳞鲑幼鱼上溯的有效通过率,那么鱼道的入口流速应小于0.65m/s,鱼孔处流速小于0.42 m/s。  相似文献   

Spatial discordance in fish,coral, and sponge assemblages across a Caribbean atoll reef gradient          下载免费PDF全文

Charles Acosta  Robin Barnes  Rebecca McClatchey 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(2):167-177

Certain biodiversity patterns on coral reefs are generally consistent but we still lack fundamental insight into how assemblages vary across spatially heterogeneous reef systems. We compared fish, coral, and sponge assemblages across a symmetrical physiographical gradient (windward forereef, lagoon patch reef, leeward forereef) of the Glover's Reef atoll, Belize. Species richness of fishes and corals was highest in the deep habitat (15 m) on the windward forereef. Sponges were diverse and abundant on both deep windward and leeward forereefs but not on the exposed shallow (5 m) windward forereef. Fish and benthic assemblages were relatively distinct in each reef zone, with the lagoon patch reef communities consisting of a combination of leeward and windward species. Nevertheless, there were no clear patterns in community similarity matrices of fish and benthic assemblages, suggesting that overall coral and sponge assemblages had weak or no direct association with patterns in fish assemblages. A closer examination of fish trophic groups indicated that planktivores and predators were predictably associated with depth, whereas herbivores were associated with shallow protected reefs. None was specifically associated with spatial location along the atoll gradient. These patterns of diversity distribution are important for identifying spatial conservation priorities. A Marine Protected Area (MPA) at Glover's Reef encompasses substantial windward forereef and patch reef habitats. A much lesser extent of protection is afforded the leeward forereef that supports faunal assemblages that are unique and productive, if not as diverse as the windward forereef. Isolated coral atolls can serve as ideal systems to study spatial heterogeneity and biodiversity patterns, but more experimental studies are needed to reveal the mechanistic processes underlying these patterns.  相似文献   

Influence of rock‐pool characteristics on the distribution and abundance of inter‐tidal fishes          下载免费PDF全文

Gemma E. White  Grant C. Hose  Culum Brown 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1332-1344

Rock pools can be found in inter‐tidal marine environments worldwide; however, there have been few studies exploring what drives their, fish species composition, especially in Australia. The rock‐pool environment is highly dynamic and offers a unique natural laboratory to study the habitat choices, physiological limitations and adaptations of inter‐tidal fish species. In this study rock pools of the Sydney region were sampled to determine how the physical (volume, depth, rock cover and vertical position) and biological (algal cover and predator presence) parameters of pools influence fish distribution and abundance. A total of 27 fish species representing 14 families was observed in tide pools at the four study locations. The five most abundant species were Bathygobius cocosensis, Centropogon australis, Enneapterygius atrogulare, Lepidoblennius haplodactylus and Microcanthus strigatus, which together represented 71% of the total number of fish recorded. Larger rock pools containing more algal and rock ledge cover hosted a larger and more diverse population of fish. Furthermore, certain species were only found in pools with specific characteristics, such as the presence of loose shells, a variety algae or rock cover, suggesting a high degree of habitat specificity. By contrast, some species were ubiquitous and thus can likely tolerate a wide variety of physical conditions.  相似文献