Impacts of post‐glacial rebound on landslide spatial distribution at a regional scale in northern Iceland (Skagafjörður)          下载免费PDF全文

Etienne Cossart  Denis Mercier  Armelle Decaulne  Thierry Feuillet  Helgi Páll Jónsson  Þorsteinn Sæmundsson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(3):336-350

In de‐glaciated areas, para‐glaciation (i.e. the conditioning of landscapes by prior glaciation) has often been considered a major predisposing factor in landslide occurrence; its consequences have been particularly well identified at a fine scale (especially on bedrock jointing). Hitherto, the relative impacts of para‐glaciation on hillslope dynamics at a regional scale had nevertheless not been quantified statistically. We examine Skagafjörður area (northern Iceland) where landslides are widespread (at least 108 were mapped in an area of c. 3000 km²). We compare the role of para‐glaciation (debuttressing, influence of post‐glacial rebound) with that of classic factors (topography, lithology, etc.) in landslide occurrence and location, using a spatial analysis based on a chi‐square test. On the one hand, the results highlight that landslides are over‐represented in areas where post‐glacial rebound was at its maximum, with a stronger concentration of landslides in the northern part of the fjord. On the other hand, the distribution of landslides did not show any clear relationship with the pattern of glacial debuttressing. Tschuprow coefficient highlights that the influence of post‐glacial rebound on landslide location is higher than the combined influence of slope gradient, curvature or geological structure. This result is supported by our initial evidence for the timing of landslides in the area: most landslides occurred during the first half of the Holocene, and a period of hillslope instability was initiated when the post‐glacial uplift was at its maximum. Finally, the mechanisms that link post‐glacial rebound and landsliding as well as the geomorphic impacts of landslides, are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Post‐repair effect of column jackets on aftershock fragilities of damaged RC bridges subjected to successive earthquakes          下载免费PDF全文

Jong‐Su Jeon  Reginald DesRoches  Do Hyung Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(7):1149-1168

In light of recent earthquakes, structures damaged during an initial seismic event (mainshock) may be more vulnerable to severe damage and collapse during a subsequent event (aftershock). In this paper, a framework for the development of aftershock fragilities is presented; these aftershock fragilities define the likelihood that a bridge damaged during an initial event will exhibit a given damage state following one or more subsequent events. The framework is capable of (i) quantifying the cumulative damage of unrepaired bridges subjected to mainshock–aftershock sequences (effect of multiple earthquakes) and (ii) evaluating the effectiveness of column repair schemes such as steel and fiber‐reinforced‐polymer jackets (post‐repair effect of jackets). To achieve this aim, the numerical model of repaired columns is validated using existing experimental results. A non‐seismically designed bridge is chosen as a case study and is modeled for three numerical bridge models: a damaged (but unrepaired) bridge model, and two bridge models with columns repaired with steel and fiber‐reinforced polymer jackets. A series of back‐to‐back dynamic analyses under successive earthquakes are performed for each level of existing damage. Using simulated results, failure probabilities of components for multiple limit states are computed for each bridge model and then are used to evaluate the relative vulnerability of components associated with cumulative damage and column repair. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西华山钨矿床晶洞中水晶与黑钨矿流体包裹体显微测温与特征元素测定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄惠兰  常海亮  李芳  谭靖  张春红  周云  杨科  闫芬 《地学前缘》2013,20(2):205-212

摘要：西华山钨矿床晶洞中水晶与黑钨矿以及晶洞外部块状石英与共生黑钨矿中流体包裹体对比研究结果表明,后期应力作用和流体改造是造成共生石英与黑钨矿包裹体均一温度出现重大差异的主要原因。一般来说,在后期应力作用和流体改造下,黑钨矿有较好的稳定性,能较好地保存原生包裹体和较少出现次生包裹体,而与之共生石英中的原生包裹体几乎破坏殆尽,现在所看到的包裹体绝大部分是后来形成的次生包裹体,且很难确切区别原生与次生关系。当后期应力作用和流体改造很微弱时,石英中可保存较多原生包裹体,并且原生与次生关系较易区分。当完全未受应力作用改造时,共生石英(水晶)与黑钨矿中都只有原生包裹体,其Th值和盐度值基本相同或完全一致,且石英(水晶)流体包裹中富含W、Mn、Fe等成矿元素,表明石英与黑钨矿是由同一流体在相同时间和相同条件下沉淀的。鉴于一般金属矿床皆在一定程度上经受了后期应力作用和流体改造,因此在有关流体包裹体研究中应该结合不透明矿物进行全面对比,并且切实加强岩相学研究。  相似文献   

Paleoproterozoic Granitoids on Liaodong Peninsula,North China Craton     

ZHU Kai  LIU Zhenghong  XU Zhongyuan  LIU Jiexun  WANG Xing’an 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(5):1377-1396

Paleoproterozoic granitoids are an important constituent of the Jiao–Liao–Ji Belt(JLJB). The spatial-temporal distribution and types of Paleoproterozoic granitoids are closely related to the evolution of the JLJB. In this paper, we review the field occurrence, petrography, geochronology, and geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic granitoids on Liaodong Peninsula, northeast China. The Paleoproterozoic granitoids can be divided into pre-tectonic(～2.15 Ga; peak age=2.18 Ga) and post-tectonic(～1.85 Ga) granitoids. The pre-tectonic granitoids are magnetite and hornblende–biotite monzogranites and granodiorites. Pre-tectonic monzogranites are widespread in the JLJB and have A_2-type affinities. In contrast, pretectonic granodiorites are only present in the Simenzi area and have adakitic affinities. The post-tectonic granitoids consist of porphyritic monzogranite, syenite, diorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite, monzogranite, and granitic pegmatite, which are adakitic rocks and I-, S-, and A_2-type granitoids. The assemblage of pre-tectonic A_2-type granitoids and adakitic rocks indicates the initial tectonic setting of the JLJB was a continental back-arc basin. The assemblage of post-tectonic adakitic rocks and I-, S-, and A_2-type granitoids indicates a post-collisional setting. The 2.20–2.15 Ga A_2-type granitoids and adakitic rocks were associated with the initial stage of back-arc extension, and the peak of back-arc extension is inferred from the subsequent(2.15–2.10 Ga) mafic intrusive activity. The ～1.90 Ga adakitic rocks mark the beginning of the postcollisional stage, which was followed by the intrusion of low-temperature S-and I-type granitoids. High-to low-pressure granitoids(S-type) were generated during the peak of post-collisional lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling. The emplacement of later granitic pegmatites occurred during the waning of the orogeny.  相似文献   

Seismic design procedure and seismic response of post‐tensioned self‐centering steel frames     

Hyung‐Joon Kim  Constantin Christopoulos 《地震工程与结构动力学》2009,38(3):355-376

Post‐tensioned (PT) self‐centering moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) have recently been developed as an alternative to welded moment frames. The first generation of these systems incorporated yielding energy dissipation mechanisms, whereas more recently, PT self‐centering friction damped (SCFR) moment‐resistant connections have been proposed and experimentally validated. Although all of these systems exhibited good stiffness, strength and ductility properties and stable dissipation of energy under cyclic loading, questions concerning their ultimate response still remained and a complete design methodology to allow engineers to conceive structures using these systems was also needed. In this paper, the mechanics of SCFR frames are first described and a comprehensive design procedure that accounts for the frame behavior and the nonlinear dynamics of self‐centering frames is then elaborated. A strategy for the response of these systems at ultimate deformation stages is then proposed and detailing requirements on the beams in order to achieve this response are outlined. The proposed procedure aims to achieve designs where the interstory drifts for SCFR frames are similar to those of special steel welded moment‐resisting frames (WMRFs). Furthermore, this procedure is adapted from current seismic design practices and can be extended to any other PT self‐centering steel frame system. A six‐story building incorporating WMRFs was designed and a similar building incorporating SCFR frames were re‐designed by the proposed seismic design procedure. Time‐history analyses showed that the maximum interstory drifts and maximum floor accelerations of the SCFR frame were similar to those of the WMRF but that almost zero residual drifts were observed for the SCFR frame. The results obtained from the analyses confirmed the validity of the proposed seismic design procedure, since the peak drift values were similar to those prescribed by the seismic design codes and the SCFR frames achieved the intended performance level under both design and maximum considerable levels of seismic loading. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

动扭剪试验中砂土液化后流动特性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘汉龙  陈育民 《岩土力学》2009,30(6):1537-1541

土体在初始液化后仍然可能承受动荷载作用发生大变形。引入流体力学中的剪应变率和表观黏度的概念,对振动扭剪试验中饱和砂土液化后的流动特性进行了分析。分析中将砂土的状态分为0有效应力状态和非0有效应力状态。结果表明,砂土在0有效应力状态下表现出与静扭剪试验类似的“剪切稀化”非牛顿流体的特征,表观黏度随着剪应变率的增大而减小。加载周数对“剪切稀化”状态下的剪应变率幅值有影响,随着加载周数的增加,剪应变率幅值逐渐增大,而对流动曲线的形状没有影响。在非0有效应力状态下,砂土的表观黏度随应变的增大而增大,随孔压比的减小而增大,且所有的试验得到的表观黏度与孔压比具有一致关系。  相似文献   

The postal-geographical location: the notion and measurement algorithm (exemplified by the postal network of Siberia in the early 20th century)     

V.I. Blanutsa 《Geography and Natural Resources》2010,31(4):308-316

An analysis is made of the problems, approaches and methods in the study of the economic-geographical location. The term “postalgeographical location” is suggested. The concept of the location of a settlement in the postal network is formulated. The algorithm has been developed for measuring the postal-geographical location. Results from assessing the location of settlements in Siberia's postal network are presented for the year 1910.  相似文献   

桩端后注浆浆液上返高度的理论研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张忠苗  邹健  刘俊伟  贺静漪 《岩土力学》2010,31(8):2535-2540

在幂律型浆液平板窄缝流动模型的基础上,推导出了桩端后注浆浆液上返高度的计算公式。并对上返高度随注浆压力、桩埋深、桩径、泥皮厚度的变化情况进行计算分析,分析结果表明,在其他条件一定时,变形模量越大的土层,浆液上返高度越小;注浆压力越大,浆液上返高度越大;桩埋深越大,浆液的上返高度越小;桩侧泥皮越厚,浆液的上返高度越大。通过工程实例验证了本文计算结论的适用性。  相似文献   

Earthquake imprints on a lacustrine deltaic system: The Kürk Delta along the East Anatolian Fault (Turkey)          下载免费PDF全文

Aurélia Hubert‐Ferrari  Meriam El‐Ouahabi  David Garcia‐Moreno  Ulaş Avşar  Sevgi Altınok  Sabine Schmidt  Nathalie Fagel  M. Namık Çağatay 《Sedimentology》2017,64(5):1322-1353

Deltas contain sedimentary records that are not only indicative of water‐level changes, but also particularly sensitive to earthquake shaking typically resulting in soft‐sediment‐deformation structures. The Kürk lacustrine delta lies at the south‐western extremity of Lake Hazar in eastern Turkey and is adjacent to the seismogenic East Anatolian Fault, which has generated earthquakes of magnitude 7. This study re‐evaluates water‐level changes and earthquake shaking that have affected the Kürk Delta, combining geophysical data (seismic‐reflection profiles and side‐scan sonar), remote sensing images, historical data, onland outcrops and offshore coring. The history of water‐level changes provides a temporal framework for the depositional record. In addition to the common soft‐sediment deformation documented previously, onland outcrops reveal a record of deformation (fracturing, tilt and clastic dykes) linked to large earthquake‐induced liquefactions and lateral spreading. The recurrent liquefaction structures can be used to obtain a palaeoseismological record. Five event horizons were identified that could be linked to historical earthquakes occurring in the last 1000 years along the East Anatolian Fault. Sedimentary cores sampling the most recent subaqueous sedimentation revealed the occurrence of another type of earthquake indicator. Based on radionuclide dating (¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb), two major sedimentary events were attributed to the ad 1874 to 1875 East Anatolian Fault earthquake sequence. Their sedimentological characteristics were determined by X‐ray imagery, X‐ray diffraction, loss‐on‐ignition, grain‐size distribution and geophysical measurements. The events are interpreted to be hyperpycnal deposits linked to post‐seismic sediment reworking of earthquake‐triggered landslides.  相似文献   

宜春市审计局综合楼钻孔扩底灌注桩加后压浆设计分析及应用效果     

罗绍明  罗增裕 《探矿工程》2005,32(2):9-11

江西省宜春市审计局综合楼所处场地地层条件复杂，确定合适的持力层是关键。经对地层情况、本地区已有经验以及桩基施工新技术等进行分析评估，大胆地把桩端持力层放在结构松散、性质差异较大、承载力标准值偏低的碎石土层上，采用钻孔扩底灌注桩，以提高钻孔灌注桩的承载力，并运用后压浆技术对桩底及下伏地层进行加强处理。实践证明，该方案技术可行，经济合理。  相似文献