北京市北山泥石流分布规律及形成过程     

董桂芝  赵波 《城市地质》1994,(4):8-15

北京北山泥石流的分布受构造控制，呈北东方向展布。其分布在时间上和空间上均有一定的规律可寻。一条泥石流沟谷的形成从开始到结束，概括分为形成、位移和堆积。区内泥石流的形成主要有三种形式：以水力侵蚀为主，以坡面侵蚀为主和以沟源崩、滑塌形式触发沟床物质活动而形成的泥石流。  相似文献   

A probability-weighted moment test to assess simple scaling     

Praveen Kumar  Peter Guttarp  Efi Foufoula-Georgiou 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1994,8(3):173-183

We present a statistically robust approach based on probability weighted moments to assess the presence of simple scaling in geophysical processes. The proposed approach is different from current approaches which rely on estimation of high order moments. High order moments of simple scaling processes (distributions) may not have theoretically defined values and consequently, their empirical estimates are highly variable and do not converge with increasing sample size. They are, therefore, not an appropriate tool for inference. On the other hand we show that the probability weighted moments of such processes (distributions) do exist and, hence, their empirical estimates are more robust. These moments, therefore, provide an appropriate tool for inferring the presence of scaling. We illustrate this using simulated Levystable processes and then draw inference on the nature of scaling in fluctuations of a spatial rainfall process.  相似文献   

Statistical distribution of natural fractures and the possible physical generating mechanism     

F. K. Boadu  L. T. Long 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,142(2):273-293

We have fitted field measurements of fracture spacings (from the vicinity of Lake Strom Thurmond, Georgia, U.S.A.) to the Weibull, Schuhmann and fractal distributions. The fracture spacings follow a fractal and Weibull distribution which implies that they were formed as a result of a repetitive fragmentation process. The limited variation of the fracture density with orientation in the study area suggests that the stress distribution generating these fractures may be uniform.  相似文献   

Reply: Bulk sampling of coarse clastic sediments for particle-size analysis     

Stephen J. Gale  Peter G. Hoare 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1994,19(3):263-268

The work of Gale and Hoare (1992) provides a guide to the minimum mass of bulk sample required to obtain a reproducible measure of the complete particle-size distribution of coarse clastic sediments such as till, fluvial gravel and beach gravel. Dunkerley (1994) makes a number of criticisms and misrepresentations of this procedure. These are systematically refuted and corrected here, and further data obtained from till and beach gravel are provided to support the criterion adopted by Gale and Hoare (1992) for sample reliability. The procedure of Gale and Hoare (1992) is confirmed as a practical guide to the mass of bulk sample required to obtain a reliable measure of the particle-size distribution of coarse clastic sediment.  相似文献   

辐射日总量的最热坡度解析模式及其全球分布规律   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于强  傅抱璞 《地理学报》1994,49(6):526-532

本文给出了南北向坡面最热坡度的解析模式。（１）在北半球（下同），冬半年南坡存在最热坡度，且随纬度升高而增大，接近极夜时趋于９０°。（２）夏半年，存在两个临界纬度当时，南坡有最热坡度；当或时，北坡出现最热坡度。给出了和的解析式，证明分别是全球水平面上日辐射量最大值和最小值所在的纬度，它们仅依赖于赤纬。（３）最热坡度所在坡面获得的日辐射量，冬半年低纬大于高纬；夏半年低纬北坡随纬度递增，南坡时等于处水平面上日辐射量，极昼区内，北坡等于极点水平面的日辐射量。  相似文献   

What has seismic missed?     

Gordon Kaufman 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(4):304-314

The relative efficiencies of alternative geometric patterns of both discrete borehole and continuous grid line search have been extensively discussed in the mathematical geology literature. However, an equally important problem has received virtually no attention: How to use a sample of properties of geologic anomalies detected by grid line search of a region to estimate systematically both the number and size distribution of geologic anomalies missed by the search. We show how estimation methods developed in the sample survey design literature can be adapted to this problem, and we apply these methods to data describing 94 anomalies identified by a seismic reconnaissance survey.  相似文献   

An object-oriented knowledge representation structure for exploration data integration     

P. An  W. M. Moon  G. F. Bonham-Carter 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(2):132-145

Knowledge representation structure and reasoning processes are very important issues in the knowledge-based approach of integrating multiple spatial data sets for resource exploration. An object-oriented knowledge representation structure and corresponding reasoning processes are formulated and tested in this research on the knowledge-based approach of integrating spatial exploration data. The map-based prototype expert system developed in this study has self-contained knowledge representation structure and inference mechanisms. It is important to distinguish between lack of information and information providing negative evidence for a map-based system because the spatial distribution of data sets are uneven in most cases. Error and uncertainty estimation is also an important component of any production expert system. The uncertainty propagation mechanisms developed here work well for this type of integrated exploration problem. Evidential bellef function theory provides a natural theoretical basis for representing and integrating spatially uneven geophysical and geological information. The prototype system is tested using real mineral exploration data sets from the Snow Lake area, northern Manitoba, Canada. The test results outline the favorable exploration areas successfully and show the effectiveness of the knowledge representation structure and inference mechanisms for the knowledge-based approach.  相似文献   

Finite-amplitude plane waves in deformed Hadamard elastic materials     

Ph. Boulanger    M. Hayes  C. Trimarco 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,118(2):447-458

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Simplified dynamic and static Green's functions in transversely isotropic media     

Wenjie Dong  Denis P. Schmitt 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,119(1):231-242

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Bayesian statistics of non-linear inverse problems: example of the magnetotelluric 1-D inverse problem   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pascal Tarits  Virginie Jouanne  Michel Menvielle  Michel Roussignol 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,119(2):353-368

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