MSC certification in Argentina: Stakeholders’ perceptions and lessons learned     

Mónica Pérez-Ramírez  Salvador Lluch-Cota  Mario Lasta 《Marine Policy》2012

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification is a market-based incentive program recognizing well-managed fisheries. Currently, four Argentine fisheries are involved in the MSC program. Using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with fishery stakeholders, the study surveys their perceptions regarding MSC certification. MSC certification is positively perceived because stakeholders focus on knowledge of the process. Most respondents consider certification as encouraging effective fishery stakeholders’ participation: access to information, increased communication, and reaching consensus. Market/political/social realities will prove whether a more intense participation of Argentine fisheries in the certification initiative is useful. Because some markets in the EU and USA are demanding MSC certified products, there is a need to work towards a governance structure that helps link certification with policy market outcomes to ensure exportation of Argentine fish. MSC certification may suggest improved management of participatory bottom-up planning. This bottom-up approach provides an opportunity to establish feedback mechanisms and organizational changes.  相似文献   

Improving marine environmental health through marine citizenship: A call for debate     

Emma McKinley  Stephen Fletcher 《Marine Policy》2012,36(3):839-843

This paper presents an evaluation of the role of marine citizenship in improving marine environmental health and marine governance. Marine citizenship describes the rights and responsibilities of an individual towards the marine environment, which support the achievement of marine policy objectives at the national level. It is argued that marine citizenship requires an enhanced awareness of marine environmental issues, an understanding of the role of personal behaviour in creating and resolving marine environmental issues, and a shift in values to promote marine pro-environmental behavioural choices. It is concluded that the value shift is likely to be produced by the development of an altered relationship between the state and the individual, in which the expectations placed on citizens by the state are extended to include marine pro-environmental behaviour. The paper is intended to stimulate debate and the authors invite and encourage replies to the ideas contained within the paper.  相似文献   

基于移动网络的端到端密钥协商协议     

徐平  张方舟  张晓宇  马西保 《东北石油大学学报》2012,36(4):74-78,110,9

虽然3G网络的安全机制扩展到核心网络,但是并没有实现端到端安全.基于自生成证书公钥密码体制,设计一种端到端密钥协商协议,只需要一个消息交换就可以建立安全的三方会话密钥.安全性分析结果表明:基于移动网络的端到端密钥协商协议能够解决密钥管理及第三方无举证窃听,与其他密钥协商协议相比,具有较好的安全性,为端到端加密在移动通信系统中的大规模应用提供基础.  相似文献   

基于公共空间价值建构的社区规划——以广州北京街3个传统社区为例     

宋立新  周春山 《热带地理》2013,33(3):269-275

在公共空间价值研究中,社会行动理论提出基于“场域”空间结构化的社会行动研究框架,并为公共空间价值建构提供了实践论方法。在西方国家出现的公共空间价值危机背景下,社区逐渐成为构建公共空间价值的重要载体,社区规划因其社会行动本质,逐步成为重构社区公共空间价值的重要手段。目前我国社区规划的实践作为城市规划制度体系框架之下的局部探索创新,很难适应公民社会背景下不断成长的社区行动需要。本文借鉴新制度主义理论,以广州市北京街盐运西、流水井、龙藏3个传统文化社区为实证研究对象,从“组织”和“场域”两个分析视角,探讨社区运行空间构建和社区振兴行动方法,试图搭建我国面向公共空间价值需求的社区规划体系。研究显示,上述社区在商业文化的冲击下,面临着社区异质性加深、社区资本降低、社区行动障碍等问题,建设更包容开放、更有活力的可持续社区则成为社区居民的普遍愿望和需求。  相似文献   

我国城市更新中的权益博弈研究述评     

谢涤湘  李华聪 《热带地理》2013,33(2):231-236

城市更新是城市发展的一种重要方式,其关键和难点在于平衡利益相关者之间的权益博弈。在城市化快速发展时期,我国便出现了大规模的城市更新,这使得我国城市更新中的权益博弈形成了独特的模式与特征,较之于西方发达国家也更加复杂。文章认为随着我国城市更新研究的不断深入,在权益博弈研究领域取得了一定的成果,但也存在一些问题与不足,如对博弈主体间的关系研究不足、对城市更新中的“社会运动”现象研究不够,未来的研究需要综合运用多学科理论,注重典型个案的深入研究,逐步构建出合乎中国国情的城市更新权益博弈理论。  相似文献   

海外土地利用规划中的公众参与及其启示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈美球  魏晓华  刘桃菊 《地域研究与开发》2008,27(6)

公众参与是国际上土地利用规划的一个基本原则,公众参与不仅平衡了公众利益与土地产权主体权益的关系,而且为规划的实施打下了良好的基础.从公众参与的地位与作用、公众参与的制度化建设、公众参与的行为与积极性等方面对海外土地利用规划中的公众参与进行了分析总结,并结合我国的土地利用规划要求,提出要从调动公众参与积极性、加强制度化建设、改进公众参与方式方法等方面推进土地利用规划的公众参与,从而提高我国编制规划方案的质量.  相似文献   

Application of Participatory Development Theory in Wetland Ecotourism Initiatives——A Case Study of Baiyangdian in Anxin of Hebei Province     

ZHANG Meng  SONG Jin-Ping  ZHANG Ning 《湿地科学》2008,6(3)

As one of the few ecological wetlands in North China,Baiyangdian bears multiple important ecological functions,including ①adjusting the ecological balance of North China;②safeguarding the downstream areas,especially Tianjin City,the Beijing-Shanghai Railway and Huabei Oil Field;③serving as the reservoir for the North-to-South Water Diversion Project and the emergent use of water for Beijing;④conserving biodiversity.Wetland ecotourism is a scientific and wise use pattern for wetland resources,through which,a source of financing is provided for wetland conservation,economic alternatives are generated for local people to reduce overexploitation on wetland resources and the public awareness of environmental protection is enhanced.Since wetland ecotourism can benefit the co-existence between human and nature and promote social equity between people,it enjoys broad promise for popularization and implementation.The proactive cooperation and sound interaction between main stakeholders,and the wide participation of the community residents,will guarantee the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism.Based on the analysis of current status of participation and interactive relationships of the main stakeholders in Baiyangdian tourism,this article made an attempt to apply the theory of participatory development to the ecotourism initiatives of Baiyangdian wetland,discussed and brought forward the countermeasures to improve community participation in wetland ecotourism under the guidance of this theory.  相似文献   

Electoral behaviour behind the gates: partisanship and political participation among Canadian gated community residents     

R. Alan Walks 《Area》2010,42(1):7-24

Gated communities have been characterised as representing processes of 'forting up' and 'civic secession', in which their residents use gating as a strategy for withdrawing from political life and from taking collective responsibility for others. The assumption is that the residents of private gated communities should be less likely to participate in political life, and/or be more likely to support political parties on the right who advocate privatisation, reduced government expenditures and lower taxes. If the act of living in a gated community is associated with either greater support for parties and policies on the right of the political spectrum, or limited political participation, then the growth of such forms of privatised communities has potential implications for the future of urban politics and even for national political systems. However, despite surveys that have dealt with social attitudes 'behind the gates', insufficient attention has been paid to the politics of gated community residents. This paper fills this gap through a comparative analysis of electoral behaviour during the 2006 federal election at the level of the polling station. Electoral participation and partisanship in 27 gated communities in three Canadian metropolitan areas is compared against that of non-gated residents. Regression analysis is conducted in order to determine whether gated community residents differ from their non-gated counterparts in the way they vote and their levels of electoral turnout, after controlling for social composition. The potential implications of this research are then discussed.  相似文献   

The contribution of physical geography to environmental public policy development in Mexico     

Gerardo Bocco  Angel Priego  Helena Cotler 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(2):215-223

In recent years, physical geography in Mexico has contributed to the enterprise of geographical science by integrating with fields of study closely related to topics of sustainable development. This paper outlines the contribution of the discipline to environmental public policy development, particularly ecological land use planning and integrated watershed management. In terms of applications, physical geography appears to have reached a stage of maturity in Mexico. However, it must offer a stronger leadership in areas such as ecoregional analysis (in an integrated fashion, and not only from the biological‐ecological perspective) and regional vulnerability to global change processes. An excellent opportunity exists for scientists and decision makers to develop a common agenda.  相似文献   

遗产地农村社区参与旅游发展的制度嵌入性——丹霞山瑶塘村与断石村比较研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王华  郑艳芬 《地理研究》2016,35(6):1164-1176

基于制度嵌入性理论,采用质性研究方法,采取主位的研究立场,揭示正式制度与非正式制度对农村社区参与旅游发展的约束与影响。研究发现：遗产地农村社区参与旅游发展是一个制度约束下的理性行动过程,同时嵌入在多层正式制度和非正式制度中;不同农村社区在参与旅游发展过程中,由于制度嵌入的差异,导致相异的行动决策和发展结果,社区内部非正式制度嵌入的差异是主要影响因素;当社区内部非正式制度脱嵌时,外部正式制度的有效嵌入是协调遗产地与社区发展的关键因素。研究认为,制度嵌入性范式可以深入地解释不同农村社区参与旅游发展的差异性,为中国农村社区参与旅游发展的增权行动、制度设计和监督管理提供有益参考。  相似文献