Stochastic modelling of a diffusive wave for flood propagation using the random walk particle tracking method in a hypothetical city          下载免费PDF全文

Kashif Noor  Amro M. M. Elfeki 《水文研究》2018,32(15):2390-2404

Deterministic numerical schemes have been widely used for the solution of the diffusive wave (DW) equation, however, these schemes are computationally costly and suffer instability issues. This paper presents a stochastic random walk particle tracking (RWPT) method to solve such an equation for a dam‐break flow problem. Three different wave duration scenarios are presented for simulations of the DW for flood flows in a hypothetical city. The hypothetical city is represented by a domain of size 2,000 m by 500 m in x and y directions, respectively. The domain is divided into 25 m by 25 m cells. A dam is located at the upstream of the hypothetical city. Each scenario has a distinct propagation pattern after the dam is breached. Analysed and presented are 18 different simulations, which are composed of three different building configurations, two different bed slopes, and three different shapes of hydrographs. In this method, the flood volume is divided into a large number of particles where each particle carries a fixed amount of the flood volume. These particles undergo convective and diffusive movements, and their superposition represents propagation of the DW in the flow domain. The solution algorithm of the RWPT‐based equations is used to compute flood inundation depths in the hypothetical city. Comparison is drawn among the simulated results from three different shapes of the inflow hydrographs. The proposed stochastic method has two major advantages over traditional deterministic schemes: (a) greater efficiency, thus lesser computational costs, and (b) no instability issues.  相似文献   

基于改进ORB算法的遥感图像自动配准方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张云生  邹峥嵘 《国土资源遥感》2013,25(3)

针对遥感图像自动配准的问题,提出了一种基于改进定向二进制简单描述符(oriented brief,ORB)算法的遥感图像自动配准方法.该方法主要由3个步骤组成:首先是特征匹配,利用改进的ORB算法提取特征点,并建立描述符进行匹配,获取初始控制点;然后采用随机采样一致性方法,结合变换参数估计,剔除可能的错误匹配;最后利用最小二乘法估计的变换参数,对图像进行几何纠正.分别利用2组卫星光学遥感图像和1组SAR图像进行基于改进ORB算法的自动配准方法试验,并与基于尺度不变特征变换(scale-invariant feature tramsform,SIFT)算法和加速鲁棒性特征(speeded up robust features,SURF)算法的自动配准方法进行了比较.试验结果表明,该方法能获得与SIFT算法和SURF算法相当或者更高的配准精度,并在配准效率上有较大提高.  相似文献   

Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Varunidae and its phylogenetic implications     

Ying Zhang  Li Gong  Xinting Lu  Zengliang Miao  Lihua Jiang  Bingjian Liu  Liqin Liu  Pengfei Li  Xu Zhang  Zhenming Lü 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(6):119-131

Complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes) can indicate phylogenetic relationships, as well as useful information for gene rearrangement mechanisms and molecular evolution. Currently, the phylogenetic location of the genus Varuna(Brachyura: Varunidae) has not been well resolved mainly because of limited representatives(only two extant species). Here, we determined a new mitogenome of this genus(Varuna litterata) and added the published mitogenomes to reconstruct the phylogeny of Varunidae. The ...  相似文献   

Effect of grain crushing on shear localization in granular bodies during plane strain compression     

J. Tejchman  J. Górski  I. Einav 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(18):1909-1931

This article deals with the effect of grain crushing on shear localization in granular materials during plane strain monotonic compression tests under constant lateral pressure. The grain diameter and the initial void ratio were stochastically distributed using a spatial correlation. To describe the mechanical behavior of cohesionless granular materials during a monotonic deformation path in plane strain compression, we used a micropolar hypoplastic constitutive model that is able to describe the salient properties of granular bodies including shear localization. The model was extended by introducing changes to the grain diameter with varying pressure using formulae from breakage mechanics proposed for crushable granulates. The initial void ratios and grain diameters took the form of correlated random spatial fields described by both symmetric and nonsymmetric random distributions using a homogeneous correlation function. The field realizations were generated with the help of an original conditional rejection method. A few representative samples of the random fields selected from the generated set were taken into account in numerical calculations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Stochastic representation for anisotropic permeability tensor random fields     

Johann Guilleminot  Christian Soize  Roger G. Ghanem 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(13):1592-1608

In this paper, we introduce a novel stochastic model for the permeability tensor associated with stationary random porous media. In the light of recent works on mesoscale modeling of permeability, we first discuss the physical interpretation of the permeability tensor randomness. Subsequently, we propose a nonparametric prior probabilistic model for non‐Gaussian permeability tensor random fields, making use of the information theory and a maximum entropy procedure, and provide a physical interpretation of the model parameters. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of the considered class of random fields to generate higher levels of statistical fluctuations for selected stochastic principal permeabilities. This unique flexibility offered by the parameterization of the model opens up many new possibilities for both forward simulations (e.g. for uncertainty propagation in predictive simulations) and stochastic inverse problem solving. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Neural network prediction of the reliability of heterogeneous cohesive slopes          下载免费PDF全文

Y.H. Chok  M.B. Jaksa  W.S. Kaggwa  D.V. Griffiths  G.A. Fenton 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(11):1556-1569

The reliability of heterogeneous slopes can be evaluated using a wide range of available probabilistic methods. One of these methods is the random finite element method (RFEM), which combines random field theory with the non‐linear elasto‐plastic finite element slope stability analysis method. The RFEM computes the probability of failure of a slope using the Monte Carlo simulation process. The major drawback of this approach is the intensive computational time required, mainly due to the finite element analysis and the Monte Carlo simulation process. Therefore, a simplified model or solution, which can bypass the computationally intensive and time‐consuming numerical analyses, is desirable. The present study investigates the feasibility of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop such a simplified model. ANNs are well known for their strong capability in mapping the input and output relationship of complex non‐linear systems. The RFEM is used to generate possible solutions and to establish a large database that is used to develop and verify the ANN model. In this paper, multi‐layer perceptrons, which are trained with the back‐propagation algorithm, are used. The results of various performance measures indicate that the developed ANN model has a high degree of accuracy in predicting the reliability of heterogeneous slopes. The developed ANN model is then transformed into relatively simple formulae for direct application in practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Local‐ and field‐scale infiltration into vertically non‐uniform soils with spatially‐variable surface hydraulic conductivities     

Rao S. Govindaraju  C. Corradini  R. Morbidelli 《水文研究》2012,26(21):3293-3301

We studied the problem of local‐ and field‐scale infiltration over a particular class of heterogeneous soils. At the local scale, the soils are described as being vertically non‐uniform, with the saturated hydraulic conductivity continuously decreasing with depth according to a power law function. Analogous to the Green–Ampt model, analytical expressions are first developed for local‐scale infiltration using a sharp front approximation, and model results are compared with numerical solutions of the Richards equation. These results show that saturation does not occur from below in soils with such vertical non‐uniformity, thereby allowing for the use of a sharp front approximation. Because of vertical non‐uniformity, ponding conditions are achieved locally even for rainfall rates less than the surface saturated hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, infiltration rates asymptotically approach zero at long times. To determine field‐scale infiltration properties, the spatial variability in the surface saturated hydraulic conductivity is represented by a log‐normal random field. Using cumulative infiltration as the independent variable, expressions are developed for the ensemble mean of field‐scale infiltration and the expected time for a given depth of water to infiltrate over the field. Surface horizontal heterogeneity is found to control field‐scale infiltration at small times, whereas local vertical non‐uniformity exerts a strong control at long times. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

闪电先导随机模式的建立与应用   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任晓毓  张义军  吕伟涛  陶善昌 《应用气象学报》2011,22(2):194-202

根据地闪先导发展特征,建立了一个闪电先导的二维随机模式,并模拟研究了下行先导与避雷针或地面的连接过程。模拟得到下行先导感应电荷的数量级为10-4 C/m;下行先导出现明显的分叉,且先导接近地面时分叉逐渐增多;模拟的连接过程形态呈现多样性的特点;建筑物上的避雷针在绝大多数情况下可以有效拦截闪电下行先导,但避雷针正上方的下行先导并不是百分之百击中避雷针,远离避雷针的下行先导仍有很大概率被避雷针拦截;在下行先导与避雷针水平距离一定的条件下,建筑物越宽越矮,避雷针有效拦截闪电先导的概率就越小。  相似文献   

Influence of irregular topography and random soil properties on coherency loss of spatial seismic ground motions     

Kaiming Bi  Hong Hao 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(9):1045-1061

Coherency functions are used to describe the spatial variation of seismic ground motions at multiple supports of long span structures. Many coherency function models have been proposed based on theoretical derivation or measured spatial ground motion time histories at dense seismographic arrays. Most of them are suitable for modelling spatial ground motions on flat‐lying alluvial sites. It has been found that these coherency functions are not appropriate for modelling spatial variations of ground motions at sites with irregular topography (Struct. Saf. 1991; 10 (1):1–13). This paper investigates the influence of layered irregular sites and random soil properties on coherency functions of spatial ground motions on ground surface. Ground motion time histories at different locations on ground surface of the irregular site are generated based on the combined spectral representation method and one‐dimensional wave propagation theory. Random soil properties, including shear modulus, density and damping ratio of each layer, are assumed to follow normal distributions, and are modelled by the independent one‐dimensional random fields in the vertical direction. Monte‐Carlo simulations are employed to model the effect of random variations of soil properties on the simulated surface ground motion time histories. The coherency function is estimated from the simulated ground motion time histories. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method. Numerical results show that coherency function directly relates to the spectral ratio of two local sites, and the influence of randomly varying soil properties at a canyon site on coherency functions of spatial surface ground motions cannot be neglected. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基础隔震结构抗震可靠度简化分析方法     

孙广俊  李爱群  李鸿晶 《地震学刊》2011,(5):542-547

选用胡聿贤平稳地震地面运动模型作为基础隔震结构的随机地震动输入,采用Bouc-Wen模型描述隔震结构的层间滞变位移,将滞变体系动力特性矩阵随机等效线性化,并建立等价线性状态方程。引入左右特征向量系,对振动微分方程进行解耦,推导了基础隔震结构随机地震响应的统计矩解析解。采用变形失效准则,定义了上部结构和隔震层的功能状态极限函数。在此基础上,采用首次超越破坏模型,基于Possion分布假设和串联系统可靠度模型,建立了从整体上评价基础隔震体系抗震可靠度的简化分析方法。最后,通过一个基础隔震框架结构计算实例,说明了这种方法的运用。  相似文献