Formation of modern dolomite in hypersaline pans of the Western Cape,South Africa     

CARLA L. MAUGER  JOHN S. COMPTON 《Sedimentology》2011,58(7):1678-1692

Authigenic calcite and dolomite and biogenic aragonite occur in Holocene pan sediments in a Mediterranean‐type climate on the western coastal plain of South Africa. Sediment was analysed from a Late Pleistocene coastal pan at Yzerfontein and four Holocene inland pans ranging from brackish to hypersaline. The pans are between 0·08 and 0·14 km² in size. The δ¹⁸O_PDB values of carbonate minerals in the pan sediments range from ?2·41 to 5·56‰ and indicate precipitation from evaporative waters. Covariance of total organic content and percentage carbonate minerals, and the δ¹³C_PDB values of pan carbonate minerals (?8·85 to ?1·54‰) suggest that organic matter degradation is a significant source of carbonate ions. The precipitation of the carbonate minerals, especially dolomite, appears to be mediated by sulphate‐reducing bacteria in the black sulphidic mud zone found in the brine‐type hypersaline pans. The knobbly, sub‐spherical texture of the carbonate minerals suggests that the precipitation of the carbonate minerals, particularly dolomite, is related to microbial processes. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of pan carbonate minerals (0·7108 to 0·7116) are slightly higher than modern sea water and indicate a predominantly sea water (marine aerosol) source for calcium (Ca²⁺) ions with relatively minor amounts of Ca²⁺ derived from the chemical weathering of bedrock.  相似文献   

Sulfur isotope distribution in Late Silurian volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposits of the Hill End Trough,eastern Lachlan Fold Belt,New South Wales     

P. M. Downes  P. K. Seccombe 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):123-139

Volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits of the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales represent a VHMS district of major importance. Despite the metallogenic importance of this terrane, few data have been published for sulfur isotope distribution in the deposits, with the exception of previously published studies on Captains Flat and Woodlawn (Captains Flat‐Goulburn Trough) and Sunny Corner (Hill End Trough). Here is presented 105 new sulfur isotope analyses and collation of a further 92 analyses from unpublished sources on an additional 12 of the VHMS systems in the Hill End Trough. Measured δ³⁴S values range from ‐7.4% to 38.3%, mainly for massive and stockwork mineralisation. Sulfur isotope signatures for polymetallic sulfide mineralisation from the Lewis Ponds, Mt Bulga, Belara and Accost deposits (group 1) are all very similar and vary from ‐1.7% to 5.9%. Ore‐forming fluids for these deposits were likely to have been reducing, with sulfur derived largely from a magmatic source, either as a direct magmatic contribution accompanying felsic volcanism or indirectly through dissolution and recycling of rock sulfide in host volcanic sequences. Sulfur isotope signatures for sulfide mineralisation from the Calula, Commonwealth, Cordillera and Kempfield deposits, Peelwood mine and Sunny Corner (group 2) are similar and have average δ³⁴S values ranging from 5.4% to 8.1%. These deposits appear to have formed from ore fluids that were more oxidising than group 1 deposits, representing a mixed contribution of sulfur derived from partial reduction of seawater sulfate, in addition to sulfur from other sources. The δ³⁴S values for massive sulfides from the John Fardy deposit are the highest in the present study and have a range of 11.9–14.5%, suggesting a greater component of sulfur of seawater origin compared to other VHMS deposits in the Hill End Trough. For barite the sulfur isotope composition for samples from the Commonwealth, Stringers and Kempfield deposits ranges from 12.6% to 38.3%. More than 75% of barite samples have a sulfur isotope composition between 23.4 and 30.6%, close to the previously published estimates of the composition of seawater sulfate during Late Silurian to earliest Devonian times, providing supporting evidence that these deposits formed concurrently with the Late Silurian volcanic event. Sulfur isotope distribution appears to be independent of the host rock unit, although there appears to be a relation linking the sulfur isotope composition of different deposits to defined centres of felsic volcanism. The Mt Bulga, Lewis Ponds and Accost systems are close to coherent felsic volcanic rocks and/or intrusions and have sulfur isotope signatures with a stronger magmatic affinity than group 2 deposits. By contrast, group 2 deposits (including John Fardy) are characterised by ³⁴S‐enrichment and a lesser magmatic signature, are generally confined to clastic units and reworked volcanogenic sediments with lesser coherent volcanics in the local stratigraphy, and are interpreted to have formed distal from the magmatic source. An exception is the Belara deposit, which is hosted by reworked felsic volcanic rocks and has a more pronounced magmatic sulfur isotope signature.  相似文献   

Factors Controlling Localization of Unconformity-related Uranium Deposits in the Proterozoic Athabasca Basin, Canada     

CHI Guoxiang  CHU Haixi  Ryan SCOTT  LI Zenghu  Kathryn BETHUNE 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):687-688

  相似文献   

Multiple Sulfur Isotope Determination by SIMS: Evaluation of Reference Sulfides for Δ33S with Observations and a Case Study on the Determination of Δ36S     

Martin J. Whitehouse 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(1):19-33

High spatial resolution multiple sulfur isotope studies undertaken by multi‐collector secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) commonly use well‐characterised sulfide reference materials that do not (or are assumed not to) exhibit mass‐independent fractionation in ³³S and ³⁶S, taking advantage of the three‐isotope plot to evaluate the extent of such fractionation in unknown targets. As a result, few studies to date have used a mass independently fractionated reference sulfide to demonstrate accuracy of measurement and/or data reduction procedures. This article evaluates two mass independently fractionated sulfides, a pyrite from the 3.7 Ga Isua greenstone belt and a pyrrhotite from a 2.7 Ga gold deposit in Minas Gerais, Brazil, which may be used to provide additional confidence in the obtained multiple sulfur isotope data. Additionally, the article presents a method for measuring quadruple sulfur isotopes by SIMS at a comparable spatial and volume resolution to that typically employed for triple sulfur isotopes. This method has been applied to the Isua pyrite as well as to a sample of 2.5 Ga pyrite from the Campbellrand, Transvaal, South Africa, previously investigated using SIMS for triple sulfur isotopes, illustrating its potential for quadruple sulfur investigations.  相似文献   

结合改进的降斑各向异性扩散和最大类间方差的SAR图像水体提取     

李玉  杨蕴  赵泉华 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(6):907-917

利用遥感成像技术获取地面水体信息对水资源调查、自然灾害评估、流域规划和生态环境监测等具有重要意义,其中SAR成像作为大范围地面监测的可靠数据源,拥有全天时、全天候、广覆盖等光学遥感系统所不具有的优点,在水体提取中得到了广泛的应用。但由于受SAR图像相干斑噪声的影响,现有水体提取方法难以迅速、精确提取SAR图像中复杂精细的自然水体结构。为此,提出一种结合改进的降斑各向异性扩散和最大类间方差的SAR图像水体提取方法。首先,利用降斑各向异性扩散滤波SAR图像,在迭代滤波过程中通过计算图像间平均结构相似度自适应控制迭代过程,使其同时保持精细边缘和纹理结构;然后,以类间方差最大为准则,自适应确定阈值,实现滤波结果图像二值化分割。在二值化分割结果中,搜索具有相同像元值且位置相邻的前景像元点组成的连通区域,使每个单独的连通区域形成一个被标识的块,通过获取这些块的几何参数来消除图像的误分割,精确划定真实的水体区域,以实现SAR图像水体提取。为了验证提出方法的准确性,将本文方法提取的水体边界与人工绘制的水体边界叠加,结果表明二者可较好吻合。同时,从视觉、提取精度和运行时间对本文方法与目前常用3种SAR图像水体提取算法的结果进行比较分析,其中本文方法的运行时间满足实时应用的要求,提取结果的边界在2个像元评级区重叠度均达到80%,明显优于其他方法且本文方法提取结果在边界及细节信息等视觉方面也更加显著。对结果的定性及定量评价表明本文方法的优越性。  相似文献   

Reactive trace element enrichment in a highly modified, tidally inundated acid sulfate soil wetland: East Trinity, Australia     

Annabelle F. Keene  Scott G. Johnston  Richard T. Bush  Edward D. Burton  Leigh A. Sullivan 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(4):620-3451

This study examines the abundance of trace elements in surface sediments of a former acid sulfate soil (ASS) wetland subjected to marine tidal inundation. Sediment properties of this highly modified study site are compared with those of an adjacent unmodified, intertidal mangrove forest. Whilst some trace elements (Al, Cd, Mn, Ni and Zn) were clearly depleted due to mobilisation and leaching in the previous oxic-acidic phase, other trace elements (As and Cr) displayed significant enrichment in the tidally inundated ASS. Many trace elements were strongly associated with the reactive Fe and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) fractions, suggesting that trace elements may be adsorbed to abundant reactive Fe phases or sequestered as sulfide minerals. These findings provide an important understanding of the fate and mobility of reactive iron, AVS and trace elements during tidal remediation of a formerly acidified Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchment.  相似文献   

济阳坳陷青东凹陷低熟油生烃机理研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

葛海霞  张枝焕  闵伟  张琳璞  柳东  章成进 《现代地质》2016,30(5):1105-1114

青东凹陷勘探程度低,油气资源潜力尚未得到充分认识,开展凹陷内低熟油成因机理的研究有利于评价油气资源潜力并指导油气勘探工作。原油的物理及地球化学特征表明低熟油主要分布于凹陷边缘的沙四上亚段储层中。油源对比显示低熟油主要来自凹陷内沙四上亚段低熟烃源岩。研究区沙四段烃源岩具备形成低熟油的地质和地球化学条件：沙四段泥页岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型以腐泥型(I)和腐泥-腐殖型(II1)为主;泥页岩与蒸发岩共生的咸化还原环境因富含高矿化度地层水而有助于有机质早期转化生烃;烃源岩中的可溶有机质经过低温化学反应、细菌活动、生物催化作用等可形成低熟油。该研究对青东凹陷油气勘探工作有重要指导意义,寻找低熟油气藏是研究区未来重要的勘探方向。  相似文献   

东沙海域浅层沉积物硫化物分布特征及其与天然气水合物的关系   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

刘坚  陆红锋  廖志良  陈道华  程思海 《地学前缘》2005,12(3):258-262

对南海东沙海域浅层沉积物中硫化物的含量进行了分析,结果表明,沉积物中硫化物的含量与沉积物顶空气甲烷含量有密切的关系,在存在顶空气甲烷高异常的沉积物岩心中,沉积物中硫化物含量明显高于无甲烷异常的沉积物岩心,且随层位深度的增加,其含量明显增大,存在显著的变化梯度带。碎屑矿物鉴定结果表明,沉积物中硫化物主要以黄铁矿的形式存在。浅层沉积物中高含量的硫化物与天然气水合物分解形成的甲烷流有直接的关系,反映了下部沉积物中可能存在天然气水合物。  相似文献   

基于均匀设计的带桩帽钢管减沉桩承载性能试验研究     

黄晓晖  龚维明  穆保岗  黄挺  谢日成 《岩土力学》2014,35(11):3148-3156

采用均匀设计法对桩长、桩距、垫层、桩帽对减沉桩承载性能的影响进行室内模型试验研究。通过6组3×4群桩试验,对不同沉管隧道荷载作用下的土压力、桩身轴力及沉管隧道沉降进行测定。由于采用均匀设计,运用数理统计理论工具对试验数据进行相关性分析和回归分析,从而区别于传统的单因素优选法,使得同时考察多因素、多水平作用下对沉管隧道沉降的综合影响成为可能。分析结果表明,桩长、桩距、桩帽对沉管隧道沉降的影响随着外荷载的增加而改变;垫层厚度和桩帽存在交互作用,两者共同对沉管沉降产生影响。最后,利用拟合结果进行反演分析,在总样本为432种减沉桩组合中找出符合沉降控制要求的最优化组合。反演结果在后续模型试验中得到较好的验证。  相似文献   

雷电防护接地电阻降低方法及应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

李密 《气象科技》2009,37(6):771-774

从理论上深入探讨了几种降阻的方法,根据接地工程的实践,借鉴一些地网降阻失败的经验,提出了解决接地降阻典型方法和步骤的＂程序法＂,并在110 kV石门变电站地网改造中进行了应用和检验,供防雷工程人员在接地设计、施工中参考。  相似文献