Effect of the Initial Vortex Structure on Intensity Change During Eyewall Replacement Cycle of Tropical Cyclones: A Numerical Study     

杨昕玮  王玉清  王慧  徐晶  占瑞芬 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2024,30(2):106-117

This study investigates the effect of the initial tropical cyclone (TC) vortex structure on the intensity change during the eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) of TCs based on two idealized simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Results show that an initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds experienced a much more drastic intensity change during the ERC than an initially larger TC with stronger outer winds. It is found that an initially larger TC vortex with stronger outer winds favored the development of more active spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall, which slowed down the contraction and intensification of the outer eyewall and thus prolonged the duration of the concentric eyewall and slow intensity evolution. In contrast, the initially smaller TC with weaker outer winds corresponded to higher inertial stability in the inner core and weaker inertial stability but stronger filamentation outside the outer eyewall. These led to stronger boundary layer inflow, stronger updraft and convection in the outer eyewall, and suppressed convective activity outside the outer eyewall. These resulted in the rapid weakening during the formation of the outer eyewall, followed by a rapid re-intensification of the TC during the ERC. Our study demonstrates that accurate in- itialization of the TC structure in numerical models is crucial for predicting changes in TC intensity during the ERC. Additionally, monitoring the activity of spiral rainbands outside the outer eyewall can help to improve short-term intensity forecasts for TCs experiencing ERCs.  相似文献   

Marine diatom Thalassirosira weissflogii nutrient drawdown and its physiological status variation challenged to zinc and cadmium exposure     

LI Chundi  LONG Aimin  YAN Wen  MA Fujun  CHEN Shaoyong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(6):51-61

The uptake of zinc and cadmium by a species of marine diatom Thalassirosira weissflogii and the nutrient variation (phosphorus and silicon) in the culture medium were estimated when exposed to zinc and cadmium stress under controlled laboratory conditions.It was found that low cadmium addition could stimulate the culture to grow with a relatively high rate and exert its toxicity at the elevated concentration.The cellular uptake of zinc and cadmium by the diatom varied in the ranges of 1.21~3.75 and 0.060~0.629 fmol per cell respectively in the whole cultivation period.The mean cellular phosphorus and silicon drawdowns were constant with 0.26~0.42 and 0.30~0.46 pmol per cell respectively in those healthy cultures.It is illustrated that the algal cells can adjust some physiological mechanisms to decrease metal accumulation and keep metal homeostasis in the organism.The correlation analysis results further indicate that the cellular cadmium uptake might be closely related with the cellular phosphorus, silicon drawdown and the growth rate of diatom (P<0.05, 0.001, 0.01); and the cultures grow better in good conditions, the lower amount of phosphorus, silicon materials are consumed by a single cell to keep a high efficiency of utilization.  相似文献   

基于孔压监测的强夯置换和砂井-强夯处理饱和软土地基试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘红军  吴腾  马江  王虎 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,45(2):109-114

在青岛某饱和软土场区采用强夯置换和砂井-强夯2种不同方案进行试夯试验。在试验区距夯点不同距离、不同深度的土层中埋设孔隙水压力计,通过观测,分析试夯过程中超孔隙水压力的变化规律,得出以下结论:2 000~2 500kN·m夯击能作用下,点夯试验最佳夯击数为强夯置换14击、砂井强夯16击,且2种方案强夯有效加固深度均可达6m;强夯置换区块距离夯点越近,超孔隙水压力累积幅值越大,而砂井-强夯区块这一趋势则不明显;砂井-强夯区块较强夯置换区快地基具有更好的均匀性,但其夯后超孔隙水压力消散速度比后者慢;孔压监测是确定强夯参数,了解加固深度,评价加固效果的有效手段。  相似文献   

Mineral Chemistry of Peridotites from Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Lithosphere: Constraints on Mantle Evolution beneath Eastern China   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

ZHENG  JIANPING; GRIFFIN  WILLIAM L.; O'REILLY  SUZANNE Y.; YANG  JINSUI; LI  TIANFU; ZHANG  MING; ZHANG  RUTH Y.; LIOU  JOHN G. 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(11):2233-2256

Major- and trace-element data on the constituent minerals ofgarnet peridotite xenoliths hosted in early Paleozoic (457–500Ma) kimberlites and Neogene (16–18 Ma) volcanic rockswithin the North China Craton are compared with those from thepre-pilot hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific DrillingProject (CCSD-PP1) in the tectonically exhumed Triassic (220Ma) Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane along its southernmargin. P–T estimates for the Paleozoic and Neogene peridotitexenoliths reflect different model geotherms corresponding tosurface heat flows of 40 mW/m² (Paleozoic) and 80 mW/m² (Neogene).Garnet peridotite xenoliths or xenocrysts from the Paleozoickimberlites are strongly depleted, similar to peridotites fromother areas of cratonic mantle, with magnesium olivine (meanFo_92.7), Cr-rich garnet and clinopyroxene with high La/Yb. Garnet(and spinel) peridotite xenoliths hosted in Neogene basaltsare derived from fertile mantle; they have high Al₂O₃ and TiO₂contents, low-Mg-number olivine (mean Fo_89.5), low-Cr garnetand diopside with flat rare earth element (REE) patterns. Thedifferences between the Paleozoic and Neogene xenoliths suggestthat a buoyant refractory lithospheric keel present beneaththe eastern North China Craton in Paleozoic times was at leastpartly replaced by younger, hotter and more fertile lithosphericmantle during Mesozoic–Cenozoic times. Garnet peridotitesfrom the Sulu UHP terrane have less magnesian olivine (Fo_91.5),and lower-Cr garnet than the Paleozoic xenoliths. The diopsideshave low heavy REE (HREE) contents and sinusoidal to light REE(LREE)-enriched REE patterns. These features, and their highMg/Si and low CaO and Al₂O₃ contents, indicate that the CCSD-PP1peridotites represent a moderately refractory mantle protolith.Details of mineral chemistry indicate that this protolith experiencedcomplex metasomatism by asthenosphere-derived melts or fluidsin Mesoproterozoic, and subsolidus re-equilibration involvingfluids/melts derived from the subducted Yangtze continentalcrust during UHP metamorphism in the early Mesozoic. Tectonicextension of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the NorthChina Craton and exhumation of the Sulu UHP rocks in the earlyMesozoic induced upwelling of the asthenosphere. Peridotitessampled by the Neogene basalts represent newly formed lithospherederived by cooling of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle inJurassic–Cretaceous and Paleogene time. KEY WORDS: garnet peridotite xenoliths; North China Craton; lithospheric thinning; Sulu UHP terrane; UHP lithosphere evolution; mantle replacement  相似文献   

城市化水平增长曲线的类型、分段和研究方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈彦光 《地理科学》2012,(1):12-17

城市化水平增长曲线可以分为S形和J形2大类别,其变化特征、动力学背景及研究方法也不尽相同。城市化曲线研究可以分为唯象分析和唯理分析2大途径,唯理研究包括城一乡人口异速生长、城一乡人口替代以及城乡人口迁移和转换3种路径,目前这些方法主要用于S形曲线研究,对J形曲线的探索不够深入。S形曲线是一种奇对称曲线,其模型导数却是一...  相似文献   

我国非开挖行业现状与展望          下载免费PDF全文

颜纯文 《探矿工程》2010,37(10):56-60

概述了常用的各类非开挖施工技术方法及非开挖施工的主要优势;介绍了我国非开挖行业的3个发展阶段,目前的发展现状,以及存在的主要问题;对我国非开挖技术的市场前景进行了分析判断。  相似文献   

湘中晚泥盆世晚期两个古群落分析：兼论晚泥盆世古群落的演替和取代     

赵兵 《矿物岩石》1993,13(3):86-94

本文分析了Li群落和C-H群落的生物组成,分异度,相对丰富度,生活方式及空间分布等特征;讨论了湘中晚泥盆世群落的演替和取代规律及其空间对比,进一步强调了生物与环境的密切关系及其在地层学上的意义。  相似文献   

煤层注水的水气驱替理论研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

宋维源  李大广  章梦涛  潘一山  孙超 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(2):147-150

煤层注水是世界上煤矿矿井防治冲击地压的首选措施。而注水时间、流量、压力等注水工艺参数选择是决定注水防治冲击地压效果的关键。煤层注水过程中水在煤层中渗流的规律是选择注水工艺参数的理论依据。由于煤层孔隙、裂隙中充满气体,煤层注水实际上是水替代气的水驱气的渗流过程。但迄今为止的研究均视为水在煤体中渗流的研究。与实际相距甚远。论文首先分析了煤层注水防治冲击地压的机理,注水使得煤层软化,达到峰值强度后煤体抵抗变形能力随应变降低的幅度减小,即强度后应力-应变曲线变缓。然后根据煤层注水是水驱气过程,将煤层注水视为水气驱替的有动界面的渗流问题研究。将煤层视为各向同性的孔隙介质,分别按照水驱气由钻孔径向周边流动的平面径向流和由钻孔沿煤层平行流动的平面平行流两种情况,建立了水驱气的微分方程,给出了定解条件,并进行求解,得到了不同时间水锋面到达的位置即水注满煤层孔隙的范围。从而可以根据需要注水的范围求出需要提前的注水时间和注水量。为煤层注水预防冲击地压的工艺参数选择提供了科学依据和理论支撑。  相似文献   

Functional substitution of coordination polyhedron in crystal structure of silicates     

叶大年  D.Pushcharovsky  施倪承  马哲生  赫伟  李哲 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(8):702-708

On the bases of the study of comparative crystal chemistry of silicates it has been concluded that the octahedra and square pyramids of Ti-0 and Zr-0 play functional role of tetrahedra of Si-0 in the construction of crystal structures. Therefore, those silicates may be named titano-and zircono-silicates. Because of the functional similarity of coordination polyhedra, the structures of cristobalite and feldspar have been compared with those of perovskite and garnet, respectively. As a new concept, the functional replacement of tetrahedra by octahedra and/or pyramids is defined by the authors of this paper for favorable comparison of relative crystal structures.  相似文献   

原生白云石与交代白云石晶体的微结构对比研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨守业  黄志诚  陈智娜 《岩石矿物学杂志》1997,16(4):362-366

应用高分辨的透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）对原生白云石与交代白云石晶体微结构进行了对比研究。原生白云石晶体中微结构以位错、调制结构为主，调制结构规则，调制波长稳定，属生长调制；交代白云石晶体中的调制结构很不规则，波长变化大，有方解石残留。能谱分析显示两种白云石晶体中调制区与非调制区Ｃａ、Ｍｇ相对含量相差很大。两者微结构差异反映了成因上的不同  相似文献