应用KINEROS2模型对土质道路侵蚀过程的模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

史志华  方怒放  李璐  姜成  彭业轩 《地理研究》2010,29(3):408-415

土质道路在三峡库区分布广泛,是库区泥沙重要来源地之一。在考虑道路的水沙效应基础上,结合野外调查和相关研究将三峡库区土质道路分为3级,Ⅰ级车流量大,主要为集镇之间的道路;Ⅱ级是Ⅰ级与大型村落间的道路;Ⅲ级多见于Ⅰ或Ⅱ级至农户的道路。为了有效评估其侵蚀风险、预测径流和侵蚀速率,以3级土质道路的人工降雨资料为基础,应用KINEROS2模型对土质道路的侵蚀过程进行了模拟。结果表明,径流量误差在3.6%~14.7%,侵蚀量的误差在4.5%~31.8%,对人为干扰相对较小的Ⅲ级道路模拟效果要好于Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级道路。土壤流失过程的模拟效果相对较差,初期明显低于实测值,而后期则高于实测值。  相似文献   

Assessing impacts of cemeteries on water quality in an urban headwater watershed with mixed human-built infrastructure     

Samuel Nesheim  Zhongjie Yu  Samuel Tuttle  Jenna Klein  Tao Wen 《水文研究》2024,38(3):e15128

Cemeteries are understudied integral components to urban watersheds, which provide ecosystem services but can also export nutrients, trace elements, and other contaminants to nearby water bodies. In this study, we focus on Meadowbrook Creek, an urban headwater stream in Syracuse, New York (USA), which has shown significant nitrate contributions from a local cemetery. We collected biweekly surface water samples over the course of 1 year from 2022 to 2023 for analysis of major and trace elemental concentrations including Na, Ca, Mg, K, F, Cl, sulfate, and nitrate. Here, we aim to assess the impact of various human infrastructures on urban stream water quality with a particular focus on the cemetery and nitrate. A comparison between the new dataset in this study and previously reported water chemistry data in Meadowbrook in 2012 suggests a decade-long impact of road salting and the cemetery on water quality particularly with respect to Na, Cl, and nitrate. Sulfate, Mg, Ca, and K are likely mainly geogenic. Stable nitrogen isotope data, the usage of concrete or steel vaults in the cemetery in the past 50 years, and the lack of correlation between nitrate and fluoride concentrations in stream water argue against burial decay products being a major source of nitrate to the stream. Instead, other nitrate sources that exist in the cemetery such as, fertilizer, decaying plant material, and wastewater, are more viable dominant nitrate sources. In addition, nitrate loading calculations indicate that the groundwater-connected reach, including the cemetery, acts as an annual net sink for nitrate despite the seasonally varying sink-source patterns.  相似文献   

桩板组合结构的技术特点及应用     

鞠美丽  廖绍华  傅相明 《海岸工程》2009,28(1):51-55

介绍了桩板组合结构的组成和特点，及其在实际工程中的应用。该结构可作为滩海地区进海路路堤、人工岛护壁、保滩促淤丁坝和离岸堤主体结构。  相似文献   

移动车辆荷载环境微振动的排桩隔振参数分析          下载免费PDF全文

章伟康  史吏  徐彦  许涌 《地震工程学报》2021,43(2):491-500

为满足精密仪器振速控制要求,提出“群桩基础+隔振排桩”与空气弹簧的两级组合隔振措施。主要研究路面移动车辆荷载经过时,第一级隔振中排桩的隔振效果。实测土体小应变动力参数,通过编写车辆-路面耦合单元(VRI)子程序引入路面不平顺,并基于三维有限元法建立了道路-排桩-地基动力模型。将模拟振速经1/3倍频程滤波与实测进行对比,并对隔振排桩进行了参数分析。研究结果表明:两级隔振体系可满足VC-E微振动控制要求;排桩的间距、桩长和排数是影响隔振效果的主要因素,且竖向隔振效果较水平向好。研究成果可为今后环境微振动工程的设计与施工提供有益参考。  相似文献