震后城市地震动场快速评估方法——以福州盆地为例     

丁海平  卜超鹏  杨朝辉 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(1):11-15

震后灾情的快速获取是灾后应急的基础,传统的方法是根据现场调查结果决定应急方案。受灾程度的分布常以烈度分布图描述,而烈度又与加速度峰值密切相关。本文提出了一种震后地震动场分布快速评估的方法。该方法将主要依据灾区基岩台站的实时强震记录(无强震记录也行)和该地区的加速度衰减关系,再结合该地区各类场地的地震动放大因子,则可快速估计该地区地震动场分布,从而确定灾情,为政府的应急决策提供依据。  相似文献   

地震灾害评估软件烈度衰减系数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高娜  贾军鹏  魏艳旭  王红蕾 《华北地震科学》2012,30(1):6-11

河北省地震应急指挥技术系统建成后,地震灾害评估软件中烈度衰减系数采用经验参数,计算出的烈度范围与实际地震存在一定偏差。通过收集河北省及周边地区地震烈度数据,采用回归分析法得到新的烈度衰减系数,并通过软件验证,其计算的烈度范围比采用原系数计算的烈度范围更接近实际情况。  相似文献   

大渡河长河坝水电站区域泥石流特征及危险性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈远  邓荣贵  张丹 《地震学刊》2012,(3):359-364

2009年7月23日,四川省甘孜州康定县舍联乡长河坝水电站施工区响水沟发生特大泥石流灾害,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。响水沟是大渡河上游段右岸一级支沟,近百年来泥石流活动不明显。由于之前近一个月的连续降雨,沟谷内的不稳定堆积物已基本处于饱水状态,当日的强降雨直接诱发了此次泥石流灾害。本文根据现场调查资料,就该沟泥石流的形成条件、灾害成因及特征进行分析,并应用灰色系统理论关联分析方法和沟谷泥石流危险度计算分析综合评价其危险性。结果表明,在极端气象条件下,响水沟仍有可能发生中等至大规模暴雨型粘性泥石流。  相似文献   

提升宁波市农村防震减灾能力的对策探讨     

张蓓蕾 《东北地震研究》2012,28(2):67-71

提高农村地震灾害防御能力,既是推进农村经济社会可持续发展的重要保障,也是维护广大农民群众根本利益的重要举措。在分析宁波市农村地区在地震灾害防御方面存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了加强宁波市农村防震减灾能力建设的对策措施。对其它地区特别是少震弱震区加强农村防震减灾工作具有一定的借鉴和参考意义。  相似文献   

Magnetic Susceptibility and Heavy Metals Distribution from Risk‐cultivated Soil around the Iron–Steel Plant,China     

Pingguo Yang  Miao Yang  Hongbo Shao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(6):615-618

Magnetic susceptibility is a non‐conventional way that can be used for evaluating proxy soil heavy metals pollution. The paper monitors available heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn) present in cultivated soils around iron–steel plant by soil magnetic susceptibility. Our study was located in an area with high pollution with small grid density of 250 m in China. Results showed that low field magnetic susceptibility was significantly correlated with available Cu, Zn, and Mn. No clear association exists between magnetic susceptibility and available Fe, soil organic matter, pH. Frequency dependent susceptibility >5% suggests the possible presence of super‐paramagnetic particles, fly ashes produced during coal combustion.  相似文献   

Sediments Quality Assessment of Jacarepaguá Lagoon: The Venue of the 2011 Rock in Rio     

José Tavares Araruna Júnior  Paula Elias Benedetti  Patrício José Moreira Pires  Ricardo Froitzheim Rinelli de Almeida 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(9):906-910

In order to aid in the efforts of the 2016 Olympic Games, the organizers of 2011 Rock in Rio decided to build a permanent venue next to the Olympic Park. The area is problematic from the geotechnical point of view since it presents soils with low shear strength, low permeability, and high plasticity, so major soil improvement works were carried out. Bored soil–cement columns were placed to increase soil shear strength and reduce compressibility. A meter thick fill composed of gneiss residual soil was placed and trenches were digged to drain rainwater. However, earlier studies conducted on Jacarepaguá Lagoon have detected the presence of heavy metals in these sediments. In this study, an environmental survey on the Jacarepaguá Lagoon sediments took place in order to choose a place where its sediments could be dredged to be later used in the drainage facilities. The results indicated areas where the threshold level 1 (low probability of adverse effects) issued by the general procedures for sediments quality assessments for dredging purposes, Resolution no 344 of the Brazilian Federal Government, was surpassed. Levels above the limits established for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were detected. Based on this consideration the State Environmental Agency issued a permit allowing the organizers of 2011 Rock in Rio to dredge an area close to City of Rock in order to obtain coarse sediments for the drainage facilities. In addition, it was found that those sediments were ideal for this application since their hydraulic conductivity is on the order of 10^?2 cm/s.  相似文献   

IPCC AR4多模式对中国地区未来40 a雪水当量的预估   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王芝兰  王澄海 《冰川冻土》2012,34(6):1273-1283

通过评估参加CMIP3计划的22 个GCM在20 世纪气候情景(20C3M)下中国地区雪水当量模拟能力的检验, 挑选出模拟能力较好的模式, 通过多模式集合方法, 对SEARS的模拟结果进行集合, 预估未来40 a雪水当量在中国地区的时空变化特征.结果表明: 在A1B情景下和B1情景下, 中国地区未来40 a雪水当量年际变化均呈减少趋势; 在A1B和B1情景下, 青藏高原地区、 华北平原地区、 长江中游地区及东北北部地区的雪水当量均呈减少趋势, 其中在昆仑山西段帕米尔高原地区减少最为显著, 其次为喜马拉雅山区和巴颜喀拉山东段地区.在中国北部的内蒙古高原地区、 云贵高原等部分地区的雪水当量则有所增加.总体上, A1B情景下比B1情景下雪水当量的减少更为明显. 2021-2050年雪水当量在青藏高原减少显著; 对于季节变化来说, 在秋冬季积雪的累积期, 雪水当量可能增加, 尤其在10-12月, 而在积雪消融的春夏季(2-6月)有所减少.  相似文献   

Methods of social assessment in Marine Protected Area planning: Is public participation enough?     

Michelle Voyer  William Gladstone 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):432-439

Addressing social and economic considerations is crucial to the success of Marine Protected Area (MPA) planning and management. Ineffective social assessment can alienate local communities and undermine the success of existing and future MPAs. It is rare to critique the success of methods used currently to incorporate social and economic considerations into MPA planning. Three Australian MPA planning processes covering three states and incorporating federal and state jurisdictions are reviewed in order to determine how potential social impacts were assessed and considered. These case studies indicate that Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is under-developed in Australian MPA planning. Assessments rely heavily on public participation and economic modelling as surrogates for dedicated SIA and are followed commonly by attitudinal surveys to gauge public opinion on the MPA after its establishment. The emergence of issues around public perception of the value of MPAs indicates the failure of some of these proposals to adequately consider social factors in planning and management. This perception may have potential implications for the long term success of individual MPAs. It may also compromise Australia's ability to meet international commitments for MPA targets to gazette at least 10% of all its marine habitats as MPAs. Indeed, this is demonstrated in two of the three case studies where social and economic arguments against MPAs have been used to delay or block the future expansion of the MPA network.  相似文献   

北塘口近岸海域水环境质量时空变化分析及预测     

屠建波  张秋丰  牛福新  徐玉山  江洪友  刘洋 《海洋科学》2012,36(8):98-103

通过分析2005年-2010年北塘口及其邻近海域水环境现场调查资料,同时结合历史数据进行对比,结果表明:(1)北塘口河口水体中COD和BOD5超标严重,整体污染态势以2008年为界呈现先降低后升高的趋势;邻近海域水体中无机氮为最主要污染物,其中硝酸盐是无机氮中最主要组成部分,但丰水期时亚硝酸盐氮和枯水期时铵盐氮所占比例逐年升高,说明区域水体氧化还原环境的潜在变化;N/P比值远高于正常的Redfield 16比值表明,区域水体已处于潜在严重P限制状态,同时,区域严重富营养化状态也极易诱导区域赤潮爆发;(2)丰水期陆源无机氮大量输入,使区域水体大部分时间超该区域功能区划要求的Ⅳ类海水水质标准,但底质沉积物环境相对比较稳定,各监测项目全部符合一类海洋沉积物质量标准要求;(3)丰水期和枯水期时,活性磷酸盐含量1983年-1998年分别增加了16.6倍和17.2倍,1998年-2010年由于监控措施的加强,极大地降低了P排放,丰水期和枯水期时活性磷酸盐含量最大增幅分别降到了5.84倍和2.33倍,无机氮含量增幅也呈现明显减小趋势,1983年-1998年丰水期和枯水期分别增加了8.37倍和13.7倍,而1998年-2010年丰水期和枯水期最大增幅也仅为3.52倍和3.28倍;整体看来水质和底质环境有缓和趋势,但潜在威胁仍然严重.  相似文献   

广西铁山港海域沉积物重金属污染状况及潜在生态风险评价     

陈旭阳  刘保良 《海洋通报》2012,31(3):297-301

对广西铁山港海域表层沉积物进行采集,对沉积物中重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg）含量进行测定,并采用单因子指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法进行了评价。结果表明：六种重金属平均含量（×10-6）依次为Zn（61.1）>Pb（15.9）> Cu（13.1）>As（10.1）>Cd（0.27）>Hg（0.068）,均低于国家海洋沉积物一类标准;铁山港表层沉积物重金属单因子污染程度总体较轻,属于低污染水平,污染程度排序为Cu＞Zn ＞Hg＞As＞Cd＞Pb;铁山港海域沉积物重金属潜在生态风险排序为Hg＞Cd＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn,所有站位潜在生态风险指数RI平均值为 63.11,潜在生态风险总体处于较低水平,潜在风险高值区出现在铁山港北部海域,主要受Hg的高潜在风险水平影响。  相似文献