Geochemistry of Flooded Underground Mine Workings Influenced by Bacterial Sulfate Reduction     

Amber J. Roesler  Christopher H. Gammons  Gregory K. Druschel  Harry Oduro  Simon R. Poulson 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2007,13(3):211-235

Unlike the majority of the water in the flooded mine complex of Butte Montana, which includes the highly acidic Berkeley pit lake, groundwater in the flooded West Camp underground mine workings has a circum-neutral pH and contains at least 8 μM aqueous sulfide. This article examines the geochemistry and stable isotope composition of this unusual H₂S-rich mine water, and also discusses problems related to the colorimetric analysis of sulfide in waters that contain FeS_(aq) cluster compounds. The West Camp mine pool is maintained at a constant elevation by continuous pumping, with discharge water that contains elevated Mn (90 μM), Fe (16 μM), and As (1.3 μM) but otherwise low metal concentrations. Dissolved inorganic carbon in the mine water is in chemical and isotopic equilibrium with rhodochrosite in the mineralized veins. The mine water is under-saturated with mackinawite and amorphous FeS, but is supersaturated with Cu- and Zn-sulfides. However, voltammetry studies show that much of the dissolved sulfide and ferrous iron are present as FeS_(aq) cluster molecules: as a result, the free concentration of the West Camp water is poorly constrained. Concentrations of dissolved sulfide determined by colorimetry were lower than gravimetric assays obtained by AgNO₃ addition, implying that the FeS_(aq) clusters are not completely extracted by the Methylene Blue reagent. In contrast, the clusters are quantitatively extracted as Ag₂S after addition of AgNO₃. Isotopic analysis of co-existing aqueous sulfide and sulfate confirms that the sulfide was produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The H₂S-rich mine water is not confined to the immediate vicinity of the extraction well, but is also present in flooded mine shafts up to 3 km away, and in samples bailed from mine shafts at depths up to 300 m below static water level. This illustrates that SRB are well established throughout the southwestern portion of the extensive (>15 km³) Butte flooded mine complex.  相似文献   

Mineralogy of suspended sediment in three karst springs     

Ellen?K.?HermanEmail author  Jennifer?H.?Tancredi  Laura?Toran  William?B.?White 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(2):255-266

Springs in karstic carbonate rocks frequently carry a sediment load as well as a dissolved load. Analysis of morphology and mineralogy of suspended sediment from three contrasting karst springs reveals a suite of clastic particles that reflect both source areas and processes that take place within the aquifer. Nolte Spring in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, USA, discharges sediment of apparently precipitated calcite, indicating that at some point in the aquifer or vadose zone, water exceeds saturation with respect to calcite. Sediment morphologies and chemical conditions in the aquifer point to two different scenarios for this precipitation. The other two springs, Arch Spring in Blair County, Pennsylvania and Bushkill Spring in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, show no evidence of calcite precipitation. Arch Spring discharges mainly layer silicates, while Bushkill Spring discharges mainly silica.

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Resumen Los manantiales en rocas carbonatadas karstficadas tienen frecuentemente una carga de sedimentos y de sólidos disueltos. Los análisis de la morfología y mineralogía de los sedimentos suspendidos de tres manantiales kársticos contrastados revela un conjunto de partículas clásticas que reflejan ambas áreas fuente y los procesos que tienen lugar dentro del acuífero. Nolte Spring en el Condado de Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA, descarga sedimento de calcita aparentemente precipitada indicando que en cierto punto del acuífero o en la zona vadosa, el agua supera la saturación con respecto a la calcita. La morfología de los sedimentos y las condiciones químicas en el acuífero apuntan a dos escenarios diferentes para esta precipitación. Los otras dos manantiales, Arch Spring en el Condado de Blair, Pennsylvania y Bushkill Spring en el Condado de Norhtampton, Pennsylvania, no muestran evidencia de precitación de calcita. Arch Spring descarga principalmente filosilicatos mientras que Bushkill Spring descarga fundamentalmente Sílice.

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Résumé Les sources situées en contexte carbonaté karstique charrient fréquemment, outre les matières dissoutes, une charge solide. La morphologie et la minéralogie des sédiments en suspension issus de trois sources karstiques de caractéristiques distinctes ont été analysées : une série de particules clastiques, reflétant à la fois les secteurs des sources et les processus internes de l’aquifère, en ressort. Les sédiments issus de Nolte Spring (Comté de Lancaster, Pennsylvanie, Etats-Unis) sont constitués de calcite apparemment précipitée: ceci indique que l’eau atteint la sursaturation vis-à-vis de la calcite à un certain point de l’aquifère ou de la zone non-saturée. La morphologie des sédiments et les conditions chimiques au sein de l’aquifère mènent à deux scénarii différents pour expliquer cette précipitation. Les deux autres sources, Arch Spring (Comté de Blair, Pennsylvanie) et Bushkill Spring (Comté de Northampton, Pennsylvanie), ne présentent aucun indice de précipitation de calcite. Arch Spring exporte essentiellement des phyllosilicates, alors que la silice est majoritaire à Bushkill Spring.

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Effect of Temperature on the Acoustic Reflection Characteristics of Seafloor Surface Sediments     

ZOU Dapeng  YE Guican  LIU Wei  SUN Han  LI Jun  XIAO Tibing 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):62-68

Because the sound speeds of seawater and seafloor sediment both increase with temperature,the influence of tempera-ture on the bottom reflection characteristics of seafloor sediments needs to be investigated.Based on the calculation of the temperature-controlled experimental measurement data of typical seafloor surface sediment samples,the temperature-dependent acoustic characteristics,including acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio between surface sediment and seawater,and reflection coefficient,were analyzed.The effective density fluid model was used to analyze and explain the reflection coefficient variation of surface sediments with temperature and predict the dispersion characteristics.Results show that the acoustic impedance of the seabed sediment increases with temperature,whereas the acoustic impedance ratio and acoustic reflection coefficient slightly decrease.The acoustic impedance,acoustic impedance ratio,and acoustic reflection coefficient of sandy,silty,and clayey sediments vary similarly with tem-perature variation.Moreover,the influence of temperature on these acoustic characteristics is independent of detection frequencies.  相似文献   

Production of Pacific White Shrimp Polycultured with Swimming Crab at Different Densities,and Nutrient Budget in the Enclosure System     

ZHOU Yangen  BAO Weiyang  SU Yuepeng  HUANG Ming  WANG Xingqiang  YAN Binlun  MA Shen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):171-178

This study was to evaluate the effect of stocking densities on the nitrogen and phosphorus budgets for a polyculture of the crab Portunus trituberculatus and the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.The shrimps(initial weight,0.012 g)were cultured at a density of 45 shrimp m^-2,and juvenile crabs(initial weight,0.024 g)were cultured at five densities of 0,3,6,9,and 12 crabs m^-2.The treatments were grouped as C0S45,C3S45,C6S45,C9S45,and C12S45,respectively.Water quality parameters,growth of shrimp and crabs,and nitrogen and phosphorus budget were measured.The results indicated that the shrimp performances in polyculture treatments C3S45 and C6S45 were superior to those in the crab-free treatment(C0S45).The crab in treatments C3S45 and C6S45 exhibited a significantly higher final mean weight and carapace width/length than those in treatments C9S45 and C12S45.The final size and survival of crabs had a negative correlation with the increasing crab stocking density.The contents of total phos-phorus and total nitrogen and the comprehensive contamination index values were higher in the C9S45 and C12S45 treatments than in the other treatments.The conversion ratios of nitrogen for crab and shrimp growth in treatment C3S45 were significantly higher than those in the crab-free treatment.These findings indicate that polyculturing shrimp with crabs at suitable densities can improve productivity,profitability,nutrient utilization,and the environmental quality.From the 60-day treatments,the optimal culture densi-ties were 3-6 crabs m^-2 and 45 shrimps m^-2.  相似文献   

新疆西南天山地区水系沉积物测量地球化学特征及找矿方向          下载免费PDF全文

韩庆彬 《山东国土资源》2022,38(12)

新疆西南天山地区隶属于塔里木板块北缘,该区是我国重要的铜、铅、锌、镍等成矿带。为查明区内主要成矿元素地球化学分布和浓集特征、确定找矿靶区,对西南天山一带进行1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量。通过采集分析8347件化学样品的17种元素,结合研究区成矿地质条件共圈定出33处异常。并对HS26、HS18综合异常进行了异常查证,新发现了3处铜、铅锌多金属矿化点。圈定了3处找矿远景区,即阿克塔什Pb、Zn、Cu找矿远景找矿远景区、苏约克Ni、Co、Cr找矿远景区和阿依浪苏阿舒别勒Ni、Co、Cr找矿远景区,为该区下一步找矿工作指明了方向。  相似文献   

SPOT image used in river water suspendedsediment and its environmental background analysis     

WU Jun  FANG Hong-liang  FUSu-xing  HUANGXuan 《地理学报(英文版)》1999,(4)

1IntroductionRemotesensinghasbeen1'idelyusedinenvironmentalinveshgahonandmonitoring.Thecharacteristicsofremotesensing,suchaslarge-scale.simultalleous,mulh-form,mulh-specialandmulti-resoluhon.makeitmuchbettertilantileordjnalymedlods,andlakeanimpoftalltroleincoastalwaterqualitymonitoringl'1,includingremotesensingofchlorophyll,suspendedsediment,oilpollution,etc.AJnongwhichsuspendedsedimentremotesensingisanimportalltduct,whichhasbeenresearchedbymanyscientists.andmanytheorehcalandexperimentalmodels…  相似文献   

The Holocene Evolution of the Ebre Delta Catalonia, Spain   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Antoni Canicio  Carles Iban～ez 《地理学报》1999,54(5)

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｇｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｔｒｅｎｄｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｂｒｅｄｅｌｔａｃａｍｅａｓｐａｒｔｏｆａｓｔｒａｔｉｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓｔｕｄｙｂｙＭａｌｄｏｎａｄｏＡ［１］．Ｈｅｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄｔｈａｔｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｒａｎｓｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｅｖｅｎｔ,ｔｈａｔｉｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｓｅａｌｅｖｅｌｒｅａｃｈｅｄｉｔｓｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｌｅｖｅｌ,ｄｅｌｔａｉｃｐｒｏｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｎｌ…  相似文献   

Spatial and interannual variations in sedimentation patterns recorded in nonglacial varved sediments from the Canadian High Arctic     

Scott Lamoureaux 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(1):73-84

Multiple cores taken throughout Nicolay Lake in the Canadian High Arctic contain laminated sediments that are interpreted as varved. Annual sediment accumulation during the last 197 years reveals three major patterns that have important implications for hydroclimatic reconstruction. Widespread sediment dispersal is evident during most years and contrasts with years when anomalous localized and bifurcating patterns of deposition occur. Localized deposition is limited to the centre of the lake and is attributed to turbidity currents that originate on the delta foreslope. In contrast, a bifurcating pattern is produced when the river supplying the delta switches from one to two delta distributaries, resulting in altered proximal accumulation. Principal component analysis reveals additional accumulation anomalies that are sedimentologically indistinct, but constitute important sources of localized variance. The recognition and removal of anomalous deposition patterns is critical for accurate reconstruction of sediment flux from the catchment, particularly in long records where geomorphic conditions may have changed. This study identifies potentially misleading depositional artifacts and a methodology to recognize similar depositional controls in other lakes.  相似文献   

黄土高原多沙粗沙区侵蚀模型探讨   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19  

李钜章  景可  李凤新 《地理科学进展》1999,18(1):46-53

国内外曾研究出不同类型的坡面侵蚀计算模型,但还没有一个成熟的流域侵蚀计算模型,至今流域侵蚀量仍以输沙量替代。本文充分利用黄河中游不同区域具有大量淤地坝的条件,再通过侵蚀影响因素机理的分析、在侵蚀形态类型区的划分等基础上探讨侵蚀变权模型的建设。首先选择了155个“闷葫芦”淤地坝,采集每个坝的年均淤积量,以及相应流域的侵蚀影响因素：植被盖度、降雨量、沟谷密度、切割深度、地表组成物质、>15°的坡耕地面积比等资料,采用变权形式,建立侵蚀强度宏观估算模型。最后用年降水量与年输沙量的关系对模型进行改进。  相似文献   

Magnitude of lateral displacement on the Crevillente Fault Zone (Betic Cordillera,SE Spain): stratigraphical and sedimentological considerations     

L. M. Nieto  J. Rey 《Geological Journal》2004,39(1):95-110

The Crevillente Fault Zone (CFZ) comprises a system of northeast to southwest oriented dextral faults that extend for some 600 km in the External Zones of the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain). The magnitude of lateral displacement related to this fault zone is not well constrained, and it is considered to be between 20 and 400 km. The stratigraphical and sedimentological criteria used in this work have proven effective in quantifying the magnitude of the displacement along this structure. We have analysed an oolitic turbidite facies in the Middle Jurassic of the Sierra de Ricote (Median Subbetic of Murcia Province). A detailed revision of ooidal limestone outcrops has revealed that the source area of these deposits was to the Internal Subbetic zone, north of Vélez Rubio (Almería Province). These two tectonic units, the Median and Internal Subbetic, are currently 75 km from each other and separated by the CFZ. The conclusions arising from our stratigraphical, petrological and sedimentological studies favour interpretation of a 75–100 km lateral displacement. After restoring the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous anticlockwise rotation of Iberia, the CFZ appears to belong to the E–W palaeofault system that is related to the extension of the South Iberian Continental Margin (SICM). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献