全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1887篇 |
免费 | 174篇 |
国内免费 | 132篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 356篇 |
大气科学 | 177篇 |
地球物理 | 420篇 |
地质学 | 289篇 |
海洋学 | 63篇 |
天文学 | 6篇 |
综合类 | 142篇 |
自然地理 | 740篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 97篇 |
2021年 | 132篇 |
2020年 | 125篇 |
2019年 | 87篇 |
2018年 | 78篇 |
2017年 | 99篇 |
2016年 | 77篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 120篇 |
2013年 | 163篇 |
2012年 | 80篇 |
2011年 | 96篇 |
2010年 | 53篇 |
2009年 | 78篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 85篇 |
2006年 | 96篇 |
2005年 | 84篇 |
2004年 | 61篇 |
2003年 | 76篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 61篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有2193条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
三维绿色生物量的遥感模式研究与绿化环境效益估算 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文从理论和技术上叙述了绿量的遥感模式研究和绿化环境效益估算,并取得了以下几个方面的进展:(1)提出了绿量的概念,进一步完善了城市绿化的量化指标体系;(2)成功地修正了“逻辑斯蒂曲线”方程,并以平面量模拟立体量的方法测算了上海市全市的绿量,不仅节省了人力物力,而且提高了精度;(3)提出了模式林的概念及测定了以绿量估算绿化环境效益中所必须的标准换算量;(4)首次用绿量在全市范围估算了绿化群落的吸碳产氧、吸收二氧化硫、滞尘及夏季降温等环境效益。为分析现有绿化群落布局与结构的合理性,及为绿化规划乃至整个城市的总体规划提供了很有价值的技术参数。 相似文献
132.
Viet-Ha Nhu Khabat Khosravi James R. Cooper Mahshid Karimi Ozgur Kisi Binh Thai Pham 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(12):2116-2127
ABSTRACT The predictive capability of a new artificial intelligence method, random subspace (RS), for the prediction of suspended sediment load in rivers was compared with commonly used methods: random forest (RF) and two support vector machine (SVM) models using a radial basis function kernel (SVM-RBF) and a normalized polynomial kernel (SVM-NPK). Using river discharge, rainfall and river stage data from the Haraz River, Iran, the results revealed: (a) the RS model provided a superior predictive accuracy (NSE = 0.83) to SVM-RBF (NSE = 0.80), SVM-NPK (NSE = 0.78) and RF (NSE = 0.68), corresponding to very good, good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory accuracies in load prediction; (b) the RBF kernel outperformed the NPK kernel; (c) the predictive capability was most sensitive to gamma and epsilon in SVM models, maximum depth of a tree and the number of features in RF models, classifier type, number of trees and subspace size in RS models; and (d) suspended sediment loads were most closely correlated with river discharge (PCC = 0.76). Overall, the results show that RS models have great potential in data poor watersheds, such as that studied here, to produce strong predictions of suspended load based on monthly records of river discharge, rainfall depth and river stage alone. 相似文献
133.
应急避难场所在城市应急管理体系中占有重要地位,对已建成的应急避难场所选址进行评价,可为应急避难场所个体改进、布局优化和新建选址提供依据。本文在文献研究与天津市城市特点分析的基础上,从有效性、安全性、可达性3个维度构建包含8个评价因子的应急避难场所选址适宜性评价指标体系,应用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重。应用GIS空间分析技术建立应急避难场所空间点位分析模型和覆盖范围模型,对天津市27个应急避难场所进行适宜性评价,并对中心城区14个应急避难场所进行满足性评价。结果表明,天津市应急避难场所具有良好的基础,但总体适宜性水平有待进一步提高,尤其是安全性亟需加强;天津市中心城区人口密集,但应急避难场所数量少,服务区域有限,存在较大范围的覆盖盲区,其中和平区人均有效避难面积仅0.2m2,远小于人体最低占用面积0.6m2,达不到人均有效避难要求。 相似文献
134.
ABSTRACT The reliable and robust monitoring of air temperature distribution is essential for urban thermal environmental analysis. In this study, a stacking ensemble model consisting of multi-linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF) optimized by the SVR is proposed to interpolate the daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) during summertime in a mega urban area. A total of 10 geographic variables, including the clear-sky averaged land surface temperature and the normalized difference vegetation index, were used as input variables. The stacking model was compared to Cokriging, three individual data-driven methods, and a simple average ensemble model, all through leave-one-station-out cross validation. The stacking model showed the best performance by improving the generalizability of the individual models and mitigating the sensitivity to the extreme daily Tmax. This study demonstrates that the stacking ensemble method can improve the accuracy of spatial interpolation of environmental variables in various research fields. 相似文献
135.
136.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)
Long-term measurement of carbon metabolism of old-growth forests is critical to predict their behaviors and to reduce the uncertainties of carbon accounting under changing climate. Eddy covariance technology was applied to investigate the long-term carbon exchange over a 200 year-old Chinese broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains (128°28'E and 42°24'N, Jilin Province, P. R. China) since August 2002. On the data obtained with open-path eddy covariance system and CO2 profile measurement system from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2004, this paper reports (i) annual and seasonal variation of FNEE, FGPP and Re; (ii) regulation of environmental factors on phase and amplitude of ecosystem CO2 uptake and release Corrections due to storage and friction velocity were applied to the eddy carbon flux. Lal and soil temperature determined the seasonal and annual dynamics of FGPP and RE separately. VPD and air temperature regulated ecosystem photosynthesis at finer scales in growing seasons. Water condition at the root zone exerted a significant influence on ecosystem maintenance carbon metabolism of this forest in winter. The forest was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 and sequestered -449 g C·m-2 during the study period; -278 and -171 gC·m-2 for 2003 and 2004 respectively. FGPP and FRE over 2003 and 2004 were -1332, -1294 g C·m-2. and 1054, 1124 g C·m-2 respectively. This study shows that old-growth forest can be a strong net carbon sink of atmospheric CO2. There was significant seasonal and annual variation in carbon metabolism. In winter, there was weak photosynthesis while the ecosystem emitted CO2. Carbon exchanges were active in spring and fall but contributed little to carbon sequestration on an annual scale. The summer is the most significant season as far as ecosystem carbon balance is concerned. The 90 days of summer contributed 66.9, 68.9% of FGPp, and 60.4, 62.1% of RE of the entire year. 相似文献
137.
本系统是利用掌上电脑的屏幕触控技术,开发智能标绘功能,使防火工作人员在发现着火点的同时依据导航信息快速地在电子地图上标绘火头、火线的位置,撰写火情报告并输出态势图,然后通过无线上网功能,实时将标绘的信息传送给防火指挥中心,为指挥中心及时做出扑火决策提供支持。 相似文献
138.
139.
Belowground carbon balance and carbon accumulation rate in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
ZHOU Guoyi ZHOU Cunyu LIU Shuguang TANG Xuli OUYANG Xuejun ZHANG Deqiang LIU Shizhong LIU Juxiu YAN Junhua ZHOU Chuanyan LUO Yan GUAN Lili LIU Yan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(3):311-321
The belowground part of terrestrial ecosystem is a huge carbon pool. It is believed that of the total 2500Gt carbon stored in global terrestrial ecosystem, soil carbon storage within the 1 m surface layer ac- counts for 2000Gt, which is 4-fold of vegetation car- bon storage[1,2]. Compared with the carbon in the vegetation, carbon in the deep soil layers is much more stable, and it will stay in soil profile permanentlyunless geological vicissitude occurs. Essentially, forest restoration is the… 相似文献
140.
基于GIS的森林资源变化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以黑龙江省汤旺河林业局部分区域森林资源为研究对象,以1968年和2004年森林分布图、小班数据库和其他数据资料为基础,以地理信息系统为技术支持,分析林地资源的数量、种类、空间分布及其森林资源的结构变化,在此基础上,调整恢复合理的森林结构,实现森林资源的永续利用。研究结果表明:有林地和非林地面积增加;针叶林所占比例减少,阔叶林增加;森林资源的结构不太合理,中龄林和近熟林面积占据较大比例。 相似文献