Flume simulation of wave-induced release of internal dissolved nitrogen in Taihu Lake, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴挺峰  秦伯强  朱广伟  丁艳青  王永平  罗潋葱  李未  张文明 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(5):796-805

A wave flume simulator was used to study internal nitrogen release from the surface sediment collected from Taihu Lake,China.Particulate nitrogen concentrations were positively correlated with the concentrations of suspended solids,primarily from surface erosion related to the shear stress and duration of wave action.In response to 4 cm-and 10 cm-high wave production representing waves generated in Taihu Lake by gentle and gusty winds,respectively,the mean dynamic release rate of ammonium(NH+4) from the sediment to the overlying water was 1×10-3 mg/(m2.s) and the NH4+ concentration in the overlying water increased by 0.016 mg/L,indicating that waves resulting from strong wind can induce the rapid release of dissolved nitrogen from Taihu Lake sediments.The decrease in interstitial NH+4 concentrations at all sediment depths was associated with an increase in NH4+ concentrations in the overlying water by 0.01 mg/L,showing that sediment below the eroded layer was the main source of internal nitrogen release.Changes in the interstitial dissolved oxygen and NH+4 concentrations showed that wave-induced pore water movement can greatly increase the diffusion rate,and that these effects can influence the sediment to a depth of at least 15 cm.Diffusion induced by pore water movement may be very important for the formation of an active sediment layer in Taihu Lake.  相似文献   

Impact of the simulation algorithm, magnitude of ergodic fluctuations and number of realizations on the spaces of uncertainty of flow properties   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

P. Goovaerts 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1999,13(3):161-182

 Geostatistical simulation algorithms are routinely used to generate conditional realizations of the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties, which are then fed into complex transfer functions, e.g. a flow simulator, to yield a distribution of responses, such as the time to recover a given proportion of the oil. This latter distribution, often referred to as the space of uncertainty, cannot be defined analytically because of the complexity (non-linearity) of transfer functions, but it can be characterized algorithmically through the generation of many realizations. This paper compares the space of uncertainty generated by four of the most commonly used algorithms: sequential Gaussian simulation, sequential indicator simulation, p-field simulation and simulated annealing. Conditional to 80 sample permeability values randomly drawn from an exhaustive 40×40 image, 100 realizations of the spatial distribution of permeability values are generated using each algorithm and fed into a pressure solver and a flow simulator. Principal component analysis is used to display the sets of realizations into the joint space of uncertainty of the response variables (effective permeability, times to reach 5% and 95% water cuts and to recover 10% and 50% of the oil). The attenuation of ergodic fluctuations through a rank-preserving transform of permeability values reduces substantially the extent of the space of uncertainty for sequential indicator simulation and p-field simulation, while improving the prediction of the response variable by the mean of the output distribution. Differences between simulation algorithms are the most pronounced for long-term responses (95% water cut and 50% oil recovery), with sequential Gaussian simulation yielding the most accurate prediction. In this example, utilizing more than 20 realizations generally increases only slightly the size of the space of uncertainty.  相似文献   

室外风对高层建筑外保温层火灾发展的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史健勇  ;刘湃  ;许清风 《地震学刊》2014,(5):571-576

近年来,由外墙保温材料引起的高层建筑火灾频繁发生,使得高层建筑室外火灾已经成为当下防火安全工程研究的热点议题。高层建筑外墙火灾受室外风影响较大,本研究采用CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）火灾模拟软件FDS,针对当前典型高层住宅建筑进行室外风作用下外保温材料火灾特性的模拟研究,分析了不同风向风速作用下外墙保温材料的火灾燃烧性能,研究了室外风对火灾烟气温度、运动速度、CO体积分数、可见度、火灾热释放速率等参数的影响。研究结果表明：室外风对火灾热释放速率等火灾作用参数有着较大影响,并存在一定的规律性。研究成果对未来高层节能建筑的防火设计施工具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

AREM模拟云参数与卫星观测的比较研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

李昀英  宇如聪 《大气科学》2006,30(6):1198-1206

数值模式模拟计算云量与卫星观测云量的定义不同, 难以进行定量比较, 从而限制了对云模拟误差的检验和修正.作者介绍了可把数值模式输出云参数转换成ISCCP卫星反演云参数的云模拟器, 并将其试用于AREM区域模式中, 定量分析了模拟云参数和ISCCP反演云参数的差异.结果表明, AREM模式可以再现中国东部冬季云的基本分布特征, 但与观测相比, 四川地区云量模拟偏大20%, 华东地区则偏小20%左右, 云量中心的云顶高度比ISCCP反演值偏低一个高度段, 云光学厚度偏大一个厚度段.模拟与观测云参数的定量比较, 为评估和改进模式性能提供了依据.  相似文献   

三自由度晃荡模拟装置及其模态分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王德禹  李龙渊 《海洋工程》2000,18(4):94-96

晃荡现象是海洋工程和船舶设计中值得关注的问题,它涉及到自由液面大幅度运动的一系列非线性问题,很难获得一个完全的理论解,相应的试验是主要方法,本文介绍三个自由度的模拟装置,并运用ＭＳＣ／ＮＡＳＴＲＡＮ软件对该装置进行了结构有限元分析,重点在于模态分析。  相似文献   

Portable rainfall simulator for plot-scale investigation of rainfall-runoff,and transport of sediment and pollutants     

Julien Boulange  Farag Malhat  Piyanuch Jaikaew  Kazuki Nanko  Hirozumi Watanabe 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(1):38-47

A low-cost, simple to use portable rainfall simulator is developed for use over a 5 m^2 plot. The simulator is easy to transport and assemble in the field, thereby allowing for necessary experimental replicates to be done. It provides rainfall intensities of between 20 and 100 mm/h by changing the number and type of silicon nozzles used. The Christiansen coefficient of uniformities obtained in the field are appropriate and vary from 79 to 94% for rainfall intensities ranging from 30 to 70 mm/h. In addition, the median volumetric drop diameters measured for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are in the lower range of that of natural rainfall and equal to 1.10 ± 0.08,1.69 ± 0.21, and 1.66 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The velocities of the raindrops with diameters less than 1.2 mm reached terminal velocities, while raindrops less than 2.0 mm achieved velocities reasonably close to the terminal velocity of natural rainfall. Furthermore,the average time-specific kinetic energy(KET) for rainfall intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mm/h are 257.7,760.1, and 1645.2 J/m^2/h, respectively accounting for about 78.0 and 86.5% of the KET of natural rainfall for50 and 70 mm/h rainfall intensity, respectively. The applicability of the portable rainfall simulator for herbicide transport study is investigated using two herbicides(atrazine and metolachlor); herbicide losses in runoff and sediment samples are in the ranges reported in the literature. As a percentage of the amount of herbicide applied, 5.29% of atrazine and 2.15% of metolachlor are lost due to combined water and sediment runoff. The results show that the portable rainfall simulator can be effectively used in studying processes such as pesticide runoff, infiltration mechanisms, and sediment generation and transport at a field plot scale with an emphasis on how surface characteristics such as slope and soil properties affect these processes.  相似文献   

降雨冲刷对黄土公路边坡植物防护影响的试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘海松  倪万魁  杨泓全  颜斌 《工程地质学报》2007,15(4):527-533

通过对裸露黄土公路边坡、厚层基材植草公路边坡、三维网植草公路边坡以及平台植树公路边坡的现场降雨冲刷试验,阐述了不同防护型式的公路黄土边坡在降雨条件下的坡面径流、含泥量以及坡面冲刷情况,得出了降雨对边坡坡面的侵蚀过程,首先是从雨滴直接打击土体开始,进而引起溅蚀,分散土粒,紧接着发生超渗径流造成坡面冲刷。以及对坡面破坏最大的是坡顶上方来水等重要结论。验证了坡面植物防护以及平台植树等防护方法可以有效降低降雨冲刷对坡面的侵蚀破坏,为黄土地区公路边坡植物防护的设计施工以提供了可靠的依据。  相似文献   

Earthquake simulator tests and associated study of an 1/6-scale nine-story RC model     

孙景江  王涛  齐虎 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2007,6(3):281-288

Earthquake simulator tests of a 1/6-scale nine-story reinforced concrete frame-wall model are described in the paper. The test results and associated numerical simulation are summarized and discussed. Based on the test data, a relationship between maximum inter-story drift and damage state is established. Equations of variation of structural characteristics (natural frequency and equivalent stiffness) with overall drifts are derived by data fitting, which can be used to estimate structural damage state if structural characteristics can be measured. A comparison of the analytical and experimental results show that both the commonly used equivalent beam and fiber element models can simulate the nonlinear seismic response of structures very well. Finally, conclusions associated with seismic design and damage evaluation of RC structures are presented.  相似文献   

BCC_CSM北极海冰模拟性能的改进对东亚冬季气候模拟的影响          下载免费PDF全文

邓汝漳  储敏  任宏利  刘景鹏  陈权亮 《大气科学学报》2021,44(1):61-74

国家气候中心气候系统模式(BCC_CSM)将美国Los Alamos国家实验室发展的海冰模式CICE5.0替代原有的海冰模式SIS,形成一个新版本耦合模式,很好地提高了模式对北极海冰和北极气候的模拟能力.在此基础上,本文评估新耦合模式对1985-2014年东亚冬季气候的模拟性能,检验北极海冰模拟性能的改进对东亚冬季气候...  相似文献   

卫星信标信道模拟器的设计与应用     

陈奇东  刘钝  欧明  甄卫民 《全球定位系统》2012,37(4):9-11

针对卫星信标电离层测量系统研制及测试、验证的需要,设计卫星信标信道模拟器,阐述了卫星信标信道模拟器的技术指标、功能、原理和软、硬件实现方法;给出卫星信标信道模拟器的主要应用场合和应用方案。卫星信标信道模拟器的应用,将为卫星信标电离层测量系统的研制提供有利保障。  相似文献