随机误差对七参数转换模型的影响分析     

王建强  张飞 《测绘科学》2016,41(9):20-24

针对在七参数坐标转换过程中,控制点本身含有的各种误差会对坐标转换的结果产生影响的问题,该文探讨了随机误差对七参数转换模型的影响:以七参数坐标转换模型为研究对象,模拟不同尺度范围的空间直角坐标,给定七参数数值求解另一组空间直角坐标,然后加入不同幅度的随机误差,利用最小二乘准则求解参数,从数值角度分析随机误差对七参数数值以及坐标转换结果的影响。实验结果显示,大范围的七参数模型解算的稳定性优于小范围的模型解算,以及X、Y、Z方向某一方向上的误差对另两个方向的解算结果影响较小。  相似文献   

时变参数灰色模型背景值重构及实现     

周万春  周强波  黄九松  刘鸿剑 《测绘科学》2016,41(6):173-178

针对时变参数灰色模型PGM(1,1)的背景值重构收敛速度及稳定性问题,该文运用积分的方法综合序列在Δt内不同变化趋势,导出背景值模型的准确表达式。实现了反映序列对新老信息偏爱程度的最优权值介于(0,1)内,且非不能越过某一阈值;给出了背景值重构模型最优解准确求取的具体算法步骤。基于MATLAB语言的实验结果表明:改进模型预测精度高,易于实现;所研究的带权灰色模型GM(1,n)背景值模型的重构及计算方法验证了PGM(1,1)模型重构及计算实现方法的有效性和实用性。  相似文献   

Remote sensing and information value (IV) model for regional mapping of fluvial channels and topographic wetness in the Saudi Arabia     

Mohamed Mostafa Mohamed 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(4):520-541

This study aims to map regions of near surface fluvial channels, mega-basins and topographic wetness in Saudi Arabia using remote sensing data and an information value (IV) model, which is a modified approach of weight of evidence. We used the new version of the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) to delineate the fluvial channels, mega-basin, and slope. These hydrological parameters were used to index the topographic wetness of each mega-basin in the region based on IV in a Geographic Information System. We validated our method using the Space Imaging Radar-C and Landsat 8 images and compared the textural features (fluvial channels) evident from SRTM digital elevation model and to determine whether these patterns were different. Our results revealed that the region is drained by nine tributaries and that the Err Rub Al Khali and Sahba mega-basins have the highest value of the IV and topographic wetness values; the Arran and coastal mega-basins have the lowest value of the IV and topographic wetness values. An integrated approach is timely and economically effective and can be applied throughout the arid and semi-arid regions to help hydrologists and urban developers.  相似文献   

精细反演计算在镇江五洲山磁异常再解释中的应用     

张作宏  魏邦顺  张大莲  等 《江苏地质》2016,40(4):653-661

江苏镇江五洲山地区存在多个磁异常,通过对该地区地质背景、地磁场特征的分析研究,结合数据处理技术对DC-19异常开展了二维小波多尺度分解、三维物性反演以及2.5维剖面反演等精细处理计算。结果表明,矿孔的深部、旁侧还存在较大规模的磁铁矿体,认为该地区具有较好的寻找矽卡岩型磁铁矿的前景。说明利用计算技术,通过精细反演可进一步深化对以往异常的认识,达到重新评价异常的目的。  相似文献   

河元背地区绳索取心钻进泵压计算模型的建立与应用          下载免费PDF全文

康鑫  李生海  刘晓阳  王荣璟  段隆臣 《探矿工程》2016,43(2):28-31

泵压是反映金刚石绳索取心钻进时井内作业是否正常的重要参数。为了进一步研究泵压波动变化与实际钻进作业之间的关系,指导钻进工作的快速、安全开展,结合江西相山河元背地区CUSD2井实际泵压波动数据及相关钻进资料,建立了适用于本井的循环系统压力损失计算模型。对比分析模型计算的理论泵压与实际泵压的波动变化趋势,将模型应用于实际钻进,在此基础上预测后续地层的泵压波动区域范围,发现7 MPa的泵压安全值不再适用于后续地层钻进,调整设置泵压安全值为10 MPa,并利用邻井泵压波动数据进一步验证其可靠性。适当调整修正理论模型,使其可应用于河元背以及相山地区绳索取心钻进中,指导该地区钻探工作。  相似文献   

Seismic attenuation estimation using a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition-based method     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The frequency attenuation gradient method can provide important information for hydrocarbon detection. In this paper, a method using Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD), Hilbert transform and the least-squares curve-fitting is proposed for seismic attenuation estimation as an effective frequency attenuation gradient estimation approach. We first use CEEMD to obtain the different Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), which have a narrow band and can enhance the physical meaning of instantaneous attributes trace by trace. The time-frequency spectrum, which is computed using a Hilbert transform of each IMF, is represented as a spectrum with a single-peak that has narrow side lobes, which is conducive to frequency attenuation gradient estimation. Second, for each time sample, the frequency-amplitude spectrum of each IMF trace is extracted from the time-frequency spectrum to conduct the attenuation gradient computation. Then, the logarithm operation is performed for each IMF trace. Due to the very narrow bands of some IMFs in some seismic traces, a variable frequency window is adopted along the IMF trace according to the local data characteristics. Finally, the attenuation gradient for each IMF in a seismic trace can be computed using least-squares fitting. A different IMF reflects a seismic trace with a different spatiotemporal scale and can highlight different geologic and stratigraphic information. The correlation weighted average operation is used to highlight some useful details in seismic trace and obtains the attenuation gradient for each seismic trace. Field data examples demonstrate our method and its effectiveness. The proposed method can stably estimate the frequency attenuation gradient.  相似文献   

Application of multi-seismic attributes analysis in the study of distributary channels     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

During the exploration of stratigraphic reservoirs, the key to locating these reservoirs is to identify the sandstone distribution. Seismic data can be used to recognize large-scale distributary-channel sedimentary bodies; however, depiction of sedimentary bodies in small distributary channels using traditional interpretation data from seismic profiles is extremely difficult. In the Upper Cretaceous first sandstone bed of the third member of the Nenjiang Formation (called the Nen 3 member for simplicity) in the XB area of the southern Songliao basin, distributary channels are the main sedimentary facies. The distributary channels migrate frequently; therefore, it is difficult to precisely depict the morphology of the channel and the distribution of sandstone. In this study, we investigated the deposition of distributary channels using equal-scale formation plane seismic attributes such as post-stack amplitude, instantaneous amplitude and seismic waveform classification, analyzed well logging data from target formations, and mapped the distribution of distributary channels. This study shows that seismic sedimentological study and stacking multiple attribute analysis can identify the distribution of distributary channels precisely and effectively. The attributes of equal-scale strata slices are evidently superior to those of time and horizon slices; Attribute extraction and selection of equal-scale formation slices is an essential step. The comprehensive selection of seismic attributes that show a good correlation to a single-well can be used to clearly depict channel bodies. The overlap of the 40-Hz single-frequency energy and the RMS amplitude depicts the sedimentary characteristics and shapes of sandstone bodies in main channels as well as small-scale distributary channels more clearly than a single attribute. These attributes show that the first sandstone bed of the Nen 3 member was from distributary channels with complex shapes. The distributary channels cut across each other vertically and laterally. It indicates that, during the deposition of the Nen 3 member in XB area, the direction of the main channel is from north to south, and the provenance could be from north and east. The method of this paper may provide some helpful suggestions to the geologist using seismic attributes to undertake research on sedimentary environment at other places in the world.  相似文献   

Task-oriented information value measurement based on space-time prisms     

Yingjie Hu  Krzysztof Janowicz  Yuqi Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(6):1228-1249

Recent years have witnessed a large increase in the amount of information available from the Web and many other sources. Such an information deluge presents a challenge for individuals who have to identify useful information items to complete particular tasks in hand. Information value theory (IVT) from economics and artificial intelligence has provided some guidance on this issue. However, existing IVT studies often focus on monetary values, while ignoring the spatiotemporal properties which can play important roles in everyday tasks. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for task-oriented information value measurement. This framework integrates IVT with the space-time prism from time geography and measures the value of information based on its impact on an individual’s space-time prisms and its capability of improving task planning. We develop and formalize this framework by extending the utility function from space-time accessibility studies and elaborate it using a simplified example from time geography. We conduct a simulation on a real-world transportation network using the proposed framework. Our research could be applied to improving information display on small-screen mobile devices (e.g., smartwatches) by assigning priorities to different information items.  相似文献   

Student Perceptions of a Recreation Trail Assignment as a Valuable Learning Experience for Geography Undergraduates     

Jo Beth Mullens 《The Journal of geography》2016,115(6):244-255

Charging undergraduate geography students with the task of designing a recreational trail in their local community offers an engaging experiential opportunity with potential to advance geographic learning in a real-world setting. This article presents an assignment in which students were asked to develop a recreational trail proposal for an undeveloped local conservation area and the results of a survey that asked the students to reflect and report upon the educational value of this experience one year later. Results of the survey validated the assignment's lasting value to the students across the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning domains.  相似文献   

频谱分解技术在泥页岩储层含气性预测中的应用——以柴达木盆地鱼卡凹陷为例     

徐秋枫  陈建文  姚泉  周志  王胜建 《地质通报》2016,35(203):348-355

针对柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡凹陷中侏罗统大煤沟组泥页岩,利用地震频谱曲线在不同流体介质储层中的形态、斜率、主频与中心频率的差值等属性参数特征,识别陆相泥页岩层系的地震频谱属性特征,预测含气性。研究结果表明,中侏罗统大煤沟组上部能量系数较低,平均为0.6719,下部能量系数较高,平均为0.7521,结合现场含气量和全烃特征认为,可以以能量系数0.7为界线,作为识别下部和上部含气性的标志,下部明显比上部含气性好。平面上进一步圈定了2个有利目标区,得到柴页1井勘探验证。因此,频谱分解技术可应用于中国陆相页岩气的勘查开发。  相似文献