非饱和土壤水力参数预测的分形模型   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

刘建国  聂永丰 《水科学进展》2001,12(1):99-106

综述了利用分形几何理论,可在土壤水力性质,包括土壤水分特征曲线及水力传导系数与土壤结构分维之间建立起一定的函数关系式.这些函数关系式大多与Campbell定律具有相同或相似的幂定律形式,一方面揭示了Campbell定律的物理实质,另一方面可用于土壤持水量及水力传导系数的预测.  相似文献   

反调节水库非恒定流数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

魏根群  陈璧宏  宿晓辉 《水科学进展》2001,12(4):491-498

采用二维水深平均方程组作为控制方程,利用边界拟合法进行坐标变换,采用有限体积法计算反调节水库的流场。在计算中,由于已知上游泵站抽水流量及下游枢纽供水流量,且上下游均找不到水位流量关系,上下游边界均为流速边界条件,没有压力边界条件,解不惟一,所以采用全水库水量平衡方程作为补充方程来补充定解条件。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江流域地-气系统的水平衡   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张顺利  陶诗言 《水科学进展》2001,12(4):509-515

利用NCEP/NCAR1980-1989年10年逐日00UTC、12UTC再分析资料及青藏高原降水、径流资料,研究了青藏高原雅鲁藏布江流域的水平衡特征,估算了雅鲁藏布江流域的蒸发、土壤和地下水含量。结果表明:雅鲁藏布江流域夏季是水汽辐合区,降水大于蒸发;秋末到次年春季是水汽通量辐散区,蒸发大于降水。降水主要集中在6～9月。径流的年际变化趋势同降水相近,径流主要是由降水补给的,径流峰值滞后降水峰值一个月。雅鲁藏布江流域土壤及地下含水量从1～6月逐渐减少,7月以后开始增加,10月是土壤及地下水最丰富的时段。20世纪80年代中期和后期降水、蒸发、径流等呈增长趋势,这同ENSO事件有关。  相似文献   

酸性土壤中20种元素有效态浸提体系浅析   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8  

李锡坤  李鉴伦  洪翊  冯超  何平 《岩矿测试》2001,20(3):167-173

通过对酸性土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cd、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Si、P、S、Mo、F、Se、As、Hg20种元素有效态的浸提与测定，拟定了一个操作条件宽松、质量稳定，能满足区域调查需要的浸提体系和分析方案。该分析配套方案对20种元素的检出限在（0.0001～4.9）×10  相似文献   

Recent applications of sliding block theory to geotechnical design   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Hoe I. Ling 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(3)

The sliding block theory was proposed by Newmark for determining the permanent displacement of embankments and dams under earthquake loading. This paper highlights recent applications of sliding block theory to different geotechnical structures. The equations to determine seismic factor of safety, yield acceleration and permanent displacement are given for rock block, soil slope, landfill cover, geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall, and composite breakwater. The presented equations for seismic stability degenerate to that of static stability in the absence of earthquake. The permanent displacement for various structures can be obtained from that of a horizontal sliding block through a correction factor. A simplified procedure is included for the permanent displacement under vertical acceleration. The sliding block approach is rational for design under high seismic load.  相似文献   

Post-earthquake investigation on several geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls and slopes during the Ji-Ji earthquake of Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hoe I. Ling  Dov Leshchinsky  Nelson N. S. Chou 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(4):3087

This paper gives an overview on the application of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures in Taiwan. Taiwan has an unique topography and geotechnical conditions that rendered a less conservative and more challenging design compared to that of North America, Europe and Japan. The Ji-Ji (Chi-Chi) earthquake of 1999 gave an opportunity to examine the behavior of reinforced soil structures. The performance of several modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls and reinforced slopes at the vicinity of the fault was evaluated. Reinforced structures performed better than unreinforced soil retaining walls. The failure cases were highlighted and the cause of failure was identified. The lack of seismic design consideration could be a major cause of failure. The compound failure mode, the inertia force of the blocks, and the connection stiffness and strength relative to the large dynamic earth pressure, were among major items that would warrant further design consideration.  相似文献   

Implications of model uncertainty for the mapping of hillslope‐scale soil erosion predictions     

Richard E. Brazier  Keith J. Beven  Steven G. Anthony  John S. Rowan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(12):1333-1352

An integrated modelling approach (MIRSED) which utilizes the process‐based soil erosion model WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) is presented for the assessment of hillslope‐scale soil erosion at five sites throughout England and Wales. The methodology draws upon previous uncertainty analysis of the WEPP hillslope soil erosion model by the authors to qualify model results within an uncertainty framework. A method for incorporating model uncertainty from a range of sources is discussed as a first step towards using and learning from results produced through the GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) technique. Results are presented and compared to available observed data, which illustrate that levels of uncertainty are significant and must be taken into account if a meaningful understanding of output from models such as WEPP is to be achieved. Furthermore, the collection of quality, observed data is underlined for two reasons: as an essential tool in the development of soil erosion modelling and also to allow further constraint of model uncertainty. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A quantitative evaluation of Playfair's law and its use in testing long‐term stream erosion models     

Jeffrey D. Niemann  Nicole M. Gasparini  Gregory E. Tucker  Rafael L. Bras 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(12):1317-1332

Playfair's law (J. Playfair, illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth, 1802) requires any two tributaries in a river network to lower at the same rate near their junction. Although this law holds exactly at the junction, it is unclear how well it holds in the vicinity of the junction. This issue has practical importance because Playfair's law has been used to estimate parameters for detachment‐limited models of erosion. If the incision rate of a stream is modelled as βA^mSⁿ, where β is an erodibility parameter, A is the area drained by the stream, and S is the local gradient of the channel, then the ratio of the parameters m/n can be estimated from junctions by assuming that Playfair's law holds over the distance used to determine S for each tributary. In this paper, Playfair's law and associated m/n estimates are evaluated for simulated basins with constant and temporally varying uplift rates (or baselevel lowering rates). The results demonstrate that estimates of m/n may be biased for basins with upward‐concave stream profiles because the local slope must be approximated with an average upstream slope. In addition, when uplift rate varies temporally, knickpoints are shown to travel through the basins with constant vertical velocity. Because incision rates vary within the basin, Playfair's law only holds exactly at the junctions. These effects are more important when slopes are measured over longer distances. Finally, measurement techniques are presented which address these potential biases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The aeolian dust accumulation curve     

Dirk Goossens 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(11):1213-1219

This article presents a simple physical concept of aeolian dust accumulation, based on the behaviour of the subprocesses of dust deposition and dust erosion. The concept is tested in an aeolian dust wind tunnel. The agreement between the accumulation curve predicted by the model and the accumulation curve obtained in the experiments is close to perfect and shows that it is necessary to discriminate between the processes of aeolian dust deposition and aeolian dust accumulation. Two important thresholds determine the accumulation process. For wind speeds below the deflation threshold, the aeolian accumulation of dust increases linearly with the wind speed. For wind velocities between the deflation threshold and the accumulation limit, the sedimentation balance is above unity and there is still accumulation, though it rapidly drops once the deflation threshold has been exceeded. At wind speeds beyond the accumulation limit, the sedimentation balance is below unity and there will no longer be an accumulation of dust. The thresholds have been determined in a wind tunnel test at friction velocity u_* = 0·34 m s^?1 (deflation threshold) and u_* = 0·43 m s^?1 (accumulation limit), but these values are only indicative since they depend heavily on the characteristics of the accumulation surface and of the airborne grains. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Non‐stationary seismic response of tanks with soil interaction by wavelets     

Pranesh Chatterjee  Biswajit Basu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2001,30(10):1419-1437

A wavelet‐based random vibration theory has been developed for the non‐stationary seismic response of liquid storage tanks including soil interaction. The ground motion process has been characterized via estimates of statistical functionals of wavelet coefficients obtained from a single time history of ground accelerations. The tank–liquid–soil system has been modelled as a two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) system. The wavelet domain equations have been formulated and the wavelet coefficients of the required response state are obtained by solving two linear simultaneous algebraic equations. The explicit expression for the instantaneous power spectral density function (PSDF) in terms of the functionals of the input wavelet coefficients has been obtained. The moments of this PSDF are used to estimate the expected pseudo‐spectral acceleration (PSA) response of the tank. Parametric variations are carried out to study the effects of tank height, foundation natural frequency, shear wave velocity of soil and ratio of the mass of tank (including liquid) to the mass of foundation on the PSA responses of tanks. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献