沉积盆地、结晶基底和油、气成因理念与第二深度空间勘探和开发   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

滕吉文  阮小敏  张永谦  闫雅芬 《地球物理学报》2009,52(11):2798-2817

在石油、天然气的勘探和开发研究中,涉及到深部空间的介质、结构和属性,在沉积建造上涉及到陆相沉积、海相沉积和火山岩相,在油、气成因理论上涉及到有机成因和无机成因,在机制上涉及到深部流体的分异、调整、运移和动力作用.这些本质性问题的研究和探讨是人们十分关注的科学领域.基于油、气生、储和形成的理论、应用和成效的研究提出,有几个基础性的理念问题必须重新认识,特别是沉积建造与古老变质岩结晶基底;双相（海相和陆相）沉积建造与盆地的内涵和双基（有机和无机）混合油、气成因理念.清晰地厘定这些认识不仅有益于对油、气形成、聚集和勘探及开发给出一个更为科学的深部空间,即第二深度空间（5000~10000 m）的油、气勘探,而更为重要的是基于对这些理念的重新认识和深化研究可构建新的思路或理论,且在新的理念导向下,强化油、气深部勘探,以期能在理论研究和实践应用中取得新的成效,发现大型与超大型油、气田.  相似文献   

Seismic design and response evaluation of unbonded post‐tensioned hybrid coupled wall structures     

Yahya C. Kurama  Qiang Shen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(14):1677-1702

This paper presents an analytical investigation on the seismic design and response of coupled wall structures that use unbonded post‐tensioned steel coupling beams. Both monolithic cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete wall piers and precast concrete wall piers are considered. Steel top and seat angles are used at the coupling beam ends for energy dissipation. The seismic design of prototype structures to achieve target displacement‐based performance objectives is evaluated based on nonlinear static and dynamic time history analyses. Additional recommendations are provided on shear design. Comparisons with ‘conventional’ structures that use embedded steel coupling beams as well as isolated walls with no coupling are provided. The results indicate that while the peak lateral displacements of unbonded post‐tensioned coupled wall structures are larger than the peak displacements of structures with embedded beams, the residual displacements are significantly reduced as a result of the restoring effect of the post‐tensioning steel. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

多层螺旋CT螺距、层厚和重建间隔关系及对图像质量影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周泽俊  胡永胜  高斌  巢惠民 《CT理论与应用研究》2008,17(1):21-26

多层螺旋CT问世大大提高了扫描速度,一次扫描能同时获得多个层面的图像,并且有足够的信息量进行图像后处理,但扫描参数的正确选择至关重要。本文就多层螺旋CT的扫描及重建参数螺距、层厚及重建间隔及对图像的质量影响进行阐述。  相似文献   

The Polar Cap (PC) indices: Relations to solar wind parameters and global magnetic activity     

P. Stauning  Oleg Troshichev  Alexander Janzhura 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(18):2246-2261

The polar geomagnetic activity resulting from solar wind–magnetosphere interactions can be characterized the Polar Cap (PC) indices, PCN and PCS. PC index values are derived from polar magnetic variations calibrated on a statistical basis such that the index approximate values in units of mV/m of the interplanetary “geo-effective” (or “merging”) electric field (E_M) conveyed by the solar wind. The timing and amplitude relations of the PC index to solar wind plasma and magnetic field parameters are reported. The solar wind effects are parameterized in terms of the geo-effective electric field (E_M) and the dynamical pressure (P_DYN). The PC index has a delayed and damped response to E_M variations and display saturation-like effects for E_M values exceeding 10 mV/m. Steady or slowly varying levels of solar wind dynamical pressure have little or no impact on the PC index above the effects related to E_M for which the solar wind velocity is also a factor. Sharp increases in the dynamical pressure generate impulsive variations in the PC index comprising a initial negative impulse of 5–10 min duration followed by a positive impulse lasting 10–20 min. Typical amplitudes of both the negative and the positive impulses are 0.2–0.5 units. A sharp decrease in the pressure produces the inverse sequence of pulses in the PC index. Auroral substorm activity represented by the AL index level has a marked influence on the average PC/E_M level at the transition from very quiet (AL0 nT) to disturbed conditions while more or less disturbed conditions (AL<−100 nT) have no systematic effect on the average PC/E_M values. At distinct substorm events the PC/E_M ratio has a minimum (0.8) in the pre-onset phase at around 20 min before substorm onset. The average ratio gradually increases in the expansion phase to reach a maximum value (1.1) at around 40 min after substorm onset (or 20 min after the largest (negative) peak in AL). At substorm recovery during the next 2 h the PC/E_M ratio decreases. Finally, we report on the application of polar magnetic variations to model the disturbance storm time (Dst) index development during magnetic storms by using the PC index as a source function to quantify the energy input to the ring current representing accumulated storm energy and characterized by the Dst index.  相似文献   

渗流诱发套损机制与数值计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刁顺  杨春和  刘建军  黄小兰 《岩土力学》2008,29(2):327-332

油田套损是石油工程中的一大技术难题,多年来困扰着各油田。大量的现场调查和理论分析表明,油田套损与油藏渗流场动态变化密切相关。无论是剪切套损、拉伸套损还是挤压套损,都是渗流引起应力场调整,最终导致套管受力损伤。基于油藏流固耦合理论,分析了油田渗流诱发套损的机制,建立了油藏渗流-应力耦合计算的数学模型,并介绍了利用流固耦合进行套损预测计算的算例,对于套损防控具有重要的理论指导意义。  相似文献   

黄河下游标准化堤防纵向裂缝成因与防治     

沈细中  张慧  杨文丽 《岩土力学》2008,29(4):973-978

因放淤固堤导致河南、山东堤防多处出现纵向裂缝,严重影响了黄河下游标准化堤防工程建设的质量与进度。通过开展现场调研与室内试验,基于饱和-非饱和渗流-应力耦合及湿化变形理论,探讨黄河大堤纵向裂缝的形成原因,据此制定相应的预防与治理对策。研究表明,淤背施工过快是导致大堤开裂的根本原因,堤身湿化变形、淤区排水不畅、堤顶堆载、堤顶重载车辆作用等加剧了堤身裂缝的形成与扩展;控制淤背施工速率、加速淤区排水、避免堤顶堆载等是预防裂缝的有效措施;锥探灌浆、开挖回填等方法可用于治理裂缝。  相似文献   

随机连续模型分析裂隙岩体耦合行为   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

陈伟  阮怀宁 《岩土力学》2008,29(10):2708-2712

利用能够反映岩体水力性质空间变异特性的随机连续模型对隧洞开挖过程中的裂隙岩体渗流-应力耦合过程进行了数值分析。随机渗透系数场通过顺序指示模拟方法生成。顺序指示法是一种非参数地质统计学技术,他允许输入任何形式的渗透系数概率分布而不需要对分布做任何假设。由随机模拟生成的渗透系数场被投影到有限元计算网格中进行耦合分析。力学响应使用基于连续介质的节理本构模型来反映岩体中软弱面的影响。结果表明,随机连续模型能够较好地预测裂隙岩体的稳定入渗率,水力性质的空间变异性对裂隙介质的耦合过程起着重要作用。在不排水条件下,隧洞每次开挖开始时,由于岩石应力重分布,孔隙水受到扰动,短时间内不能流动平衡,因此孔压会迅速上升,这对于围岩稳定是不利的。  相似文献   

地下水开采与地面沉降控制三维全耦合模型研究     

骆祖江  曾峰  李颖 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(6):1080-1088

针对第四纪松散沉积层中地下水开采所引起的地面沉降问题,以比奥固结理论为基础,考虑到土体的非线性特征及土体的渗透性随应力状态的动态变化,引入邓肯-张非线性模型和渗透率动态模型,将地下水渗流场和土体应力场耦合起来,并以吴江市浅层地下水开采为例,建立了浅层地下水开采与地面沉降三维全耦合数值模型。在对模型进行校正、识别的基础上,以微承压含水层未来10 a内地下水位埋深不低于含水层顶板、地面沉降量不超过50 mm为约束条件,预测了吴江市各镇的地下水可采资源量合计为1 203.59×10⁴m³/a。  相似文献   

闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境耦合发展机制研究之展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵明 《云南地理环境研究》2009,21(5):83-87

深入研究闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境耦合发展机制,即通过建立山区生态脆弱性评价指标体系、研究脆弱生态环境与旅游开发耦合发展、构建闽西生态脆弱区旅游资源开发模式及建立旅游发展预警系统等措施来实现闽西山区旅游开发与脆弱生态环境保护的良性耦合。学术贡献主要体现在：理论层面上可以建立一种适用于山区型生态脆弱区生态环境与旅游开发协调发展的分析框架,在应用层面上实现旅游资源适度开发与生态环境有效保护,促进山区型生态脆弱区生态资源可持续发展。为实现研究目标,本研究从人地关系角度出发提出自上而下、自下而上相结合的技术路线。  相似文献   

The knowledge–space dynamic in the UK bioeconomy     

Kean Birch 《Area》2009,41(3):273-284

The loss of manufacturing employment to lower cost economies has meant that countries like the UK have sought to promote innovation in areas such as biotechnology. The emergence of the 'bioeconomy', however, has been highly uneven, with concentrations of activity in certain countries and particular regions in those countries. In the UK, for example, there are four major concentrations of the bioeconomy. Each of these concentrations exhibit distinct patterns of knowledge and spatial inputs into the innovation process, meaning that it is important to consider the knowledge–space dynamic in and of each region.  相似文献