Exploratory spectral analysis of hydrological times series     

A. Ian McLeod  K. W. Hipel 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1995,9(3):171-205

Current methods of estimation of the univariate spectral density are reviewed and some improvements are made. It is suggested that spectral analysis may perhaps be best thought of as another exploratory data analysis (EDA) tool which complements, rather than competes with, the popular ARMA model building approach. A new diagnostic check for ARMA model adequacy based on the nonparametric spectral density is introduced. Additionally, two new algorithms for fast computation of the autoregressive spectral density function are presented. For improving interpretation of results, a new style of plotting the spectral density function is suggested. Exploratory spectral analyses of a number of hydrological time series are performed and some interesting periodicities are suggested for further investigation. The application of spectral analysis to determine the possible existence of long memory in natural time series is discussed with respect to long riverflow, treering and mud varve series. Moreover, a comparison of the estimated spectral densities suggests the ARMA models fitted previously to these datasets adequately describe the low frequency component. Finally, the software and data used in this paper are available by anonymous ftp from fisher.stats.uwo.ca.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF SPHERICAL FUNCTION SPECTRAL STRUCTURE OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE 500 HPA MONTHLY MEAN HEIGHT^*          下载免费PDF全文

Wang Panxing  Wu Hongbao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(2):237-248

Study is undertaken of spherical function spectral structures of long-term mean and anomaly patterns of the Northern Hemisphere 500 hPa monthly mean geopotential height together with the seasonal and interannual variations investigated.Results show that they are marked by low dimensions and low orders,and the mean and anomaly fields can be described in terms of 20 and 50 spherical function components,respectively.  相似文献   

区域航空γ能谱场地球化学解释及预测方法的探讨     

孙念义 《铀矿地质》1987,(5)

本文以“铀矿区域评价准则”为依据,试用因子分析主成分比值法,铀对钍(钾)的区域相对场法和铀成矿有利指数法,对我国YW-10和YW-10B两个测区的区域航空γ能谱场进行了地球化学解释及预测方法的研究,与已知矿区660测区从宏观上做了对比分析,并研究了γ能谱参数在走向长270km,宽50—70km空间上的分布变化规律。研究结果表明,这些方法对了解成岩时原始铀的分布及后期铀的地球化学活动规律,估计成岩、成矿阶段铀源岩可能提供的生铀量,识别铀成矿有利地区是有用的。  相似文献   

Analysis of a large extent aeromagnetic survey near the geomagnetic equator (Minas Gerais,Brazil)     

M. S. M. Mantovani  W. Shukowsky 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1982,120(4):784-794

A large extent aeromagnetic survey, covering a 9°×9° degree of a Precambrian shield area in SE Brazil, was used to analyse long wavelength magnetic anomalies with the purpose of determining the magnetic structure of the lithosphere.Data analysis based on a novel approach to the estimation of the parameters in the statistical model ofSpector andGrant (1970), reveals a highly magnetized lower crust, bounded by an essentially non-magnetic upper mantle. The highly magnetized layer can be associated with a higher density lower crust model, derived from gravity and seismic data available in the area, suggesting a compositional transition from upper to lower crust.It was also verified that the operation of reduction to the pole, which is singular at the geomagnetic equator, performs quite satisfactorily at the low geomagnetic inclination of the area, bringing into accordance the long wavelength anomalies with the structural trends.  相似文献   

A solution of the elastodynamic equation in an anelastic earth model     

David Al-Attar 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(2):755-760

A formal solution to the elastodynamic equation in an anelastic earth model is presented. The derivation also incorporates the effects of aspherical structure, rotation, self-gravitation, and pre-stress. It is found that the solution can be expressed as a sum of the normal modes of the earth model along with additional terms accounting for anelastic relaxation processes. However, the derivation does not assume that such an eigenfunction expansion is possible, and so avoids difficulties previously encountered due to the non self-adjointness of the problem.  相似文献   

基于小波变换的反射光谱分析在蛇绿岩识别中的应用研究——以西准噶尔地区为例     

赵同阳  周可法  张晓帆  陈川  徐仕琪 《西北地质》2007,40(4):87-93

介绍了基于小波变换的反射光谱分析技术的基本理论和方法;运用此技术手段对克拉玛依市白碱滩区西侧地区40条岩石野外光谱曲线数据进行了定量处理,总结并分析了蛇绿岩套中常见典型岩石(基性混杂岩、辉长岩、橄榄岩、蛇纹石)的光谱特征及其产生原因。最后,结合ETM 波段范围提出了适用于西准噶尔地区多波段遥感影像光谱角(Spectral Angle Mapper,SAM)提取模型,从遥感影像上识别蛇绿岩分布奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

Core–mantle boundary deformations and J₂ variations resulting from the 2004 Sumatra earthquake     

V. Cannelli  D. Melini  P. De Michelis  A. Piersanti  F. Florindo 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(2):718-724

The deformation at the core–mantle boundary produced by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake is investigated by means of a semi-analytic theoretical model of global coseismic and postseismic deformation, predicting a millimetric coseismic perturbation over a large portion of the core–mantle boundary. Spectral features of such deformations are analysed and discussed. The time-dependent postseismic evolution of the elliptical part of the gravity field ( J ₂) is also computed for different asthenosphere viscosity models. Our results show that, for asthenospheric viscosities smaller than 10¹⁸ Pa s, the postseismic J ₂ variation in the next years is expected to leave a detectable signal in geodetic observations.  相似文献   

Application of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) Fourier spectral ratio for analysis of site effect on rock (NEHRP-class B) sites in Taiwan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vladimir Yu. Sokolov  Chin-Hsiung Loh  Wen-Yu Jean   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(4):314-323

The frequency-dependent amplification for rock (NEHRP-class B) sites was studied using earthquake ground-motion database collected in Taiwan during implementation of the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The database used includes several hundred records from earthquakes of M_L 4.0–7.3 occurred between 1993 and 2004. The characteristics of amplification were evaluated using the well-known technique of horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratio (H/V) of the S-wave phase [Lermo J, Chavez-Garcia FJ. Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station. Bull Seism Soc Am 1993;83:1574–94]. The study allows us to analyze peculiarities of rock sites amplification in Northern and Eastern Taiwan. It was suggested to divide the NEHRP-class B site amplification into four types based on frequency of maximum amplification and the shape of amplification function. The applicability of the technique was also checked for a few stiff and soft soil sites (NEHRP-classes D and E).  相似文献   

Seismicity, seismic input and site effects in the Sahel—Algiers region (North Algeria)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A. Harbi  S. Maouche  F. Vaccari  A. Aoudia  F. Oussadou  G.F. Panza  D. Benouar 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(5):427-447

Algiers city is located in a seismogenic zone. To reduce the impact of seismic risk in this Capital city, a realistic modelling of the seismic ground motion (SGM) is conducted by using the hybrid method that combines the finite differences method and the modal summation. For this purpose, a complete database of geological, geophysical and earthquake data is constructed. A critical re-appraisal of the seismicity of the zone [2.25°E–3.50°E, 36.50°N–37.00°N] is performed and an earthquake list, for the period 1359–2002, is compiled. The analysis of existing and newly retrieved macroseismic information allowed the definition of earthquake parameters of macroseismic events for which a degree of reliability is assigned. Geological cross sections have been built up to model the SGM in the city, caused by the 1989 Mont-Chenoua and the 1924 Douéra earthquakes. Synthetic seismograms and response spectral ratio is produced for Algiers, and they show that the soft sediments in Algiers centre are responsible of the noticed amplification of the SGM.  相似文献   

GMS—5多通道高温差的高度分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李浩  余怒涛等 《气象科学》2002,22(3):329-336

本文从GMS－5红外通道探测原理出发，得到多通道亮温差DT12，DT1W随高度的分布特征，分析结果表明，所得的DT12，DT1W的高度分布特征具有明确的物理意义，它们与局地降雨概率及强度还存在一定的相关关系。  相似文献