A GCM Study on the Mechanism of Seasonal Abrupt Changes     

Wang Huijun  Zeng Qingcun 《大气科学进展》1994,11(1):51-56

ＡＧＣＭＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆＳｅａｓｏｎａｌＡｂｒｕｐｔＣｈａｎｇｅｓＷａｎｇＨｕｉｊｕｎ（王会军）ａｎｄＺｅｎｇＱｉｎｇｃｕｎ（曾庆存）（ＬＡＳＧ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃ...  相似文献   

Characteristics of coastal-trapped waves induced by typhoon along the southeast coast of Honshu,Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yosuke Igeta  Yujiro Kitade  Masaji Matsuyama 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(5):745-760

Mooring observations using ADCP, electromagnetic current meters and thermometers were performed to clarify the vertical and horizontal structure of coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) on continental shelf and slope on the eastern side of Sagami Bay, Japan, in August and September 2003. A strong inflow associated with CTW caused by Typhoon 0315 (CTW15) was observed with remarkable downwelling. The maximum current due to CTW15 was over 100 cm s⁻¹, confined to the upper layer shallower than 90 m. The CTW (CTW10) induced by Typhoon 0310, was associated with the coastal upwelling and maximum outflow was 33 cm s⁻¹; the currents were extended near the bottom at 230 m depth. Remarkable discrepancies were found between the current structures of CTWs. CTW15 was explained by superposing the second CTW mode on the first CTW mode, whereas CTW10 was explained by the first CTW mode. The generation and propagation processes of both CTWs were reproduced by numerical experiments using a three-dimensional level model. The model results indicated that the difference of modal characteristics between CTW15 and CTW10 already exists in the CTW generation region and are due to difference of the wind direction, i.e., the typhoon’s path.  相似文献   

Laboratory observations on internal solitary wave evolution on steep and inverse uniform slopes   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Chen-Yuan Chen  John Rong-Chung Hsu  Hsin-Hsun Chen  Ching-Feng Kuo  Min-Hung Cheng 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(1):157-170

  相似文献   

Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibration of Circular Cylinder with Data of Forced Vibration     

潘志远崔维成  刘应中 《中国海洋工程》2007,21(2):239-254

A model based on the data from forced vibration experiments is developed for predicting the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of elastically mounted circular cylinders in flow. The assumptions for free and forced vibration tests are explored briefly. Energy equilibrium is taken into account to set up the relationship between the dynamic response of self-excited oscillations and the force coefficients from forced vibration experiments. The gap between these two cases is bridged straightforwardly with careful treatment of key parameters. Given reduced mass m and material damping ratio ζ of an elastically mounted circular cylinder in flow, the response characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, lock-in range, added mass coefficient, cross-flow fluid force and the corresponding phase angle can be predicted all at once. Instances with different combination of reduced mass and material damping ratio are compared to investigate their effects on VIV. The hysteresis phenomenon can be interpreted reasonably. The predictions and the results from recent experiments carried out by Williamson's group are in rather good agreement.  相似文献   

成矿元素的气相迁移与实验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张生  熊小林  T.M.Seward 《地学前缘》2009,16(1):68

越来越多的野外观测和实验数据表明,气相对成矿元素的迁移和富集具有不可忽视的作用。由高温火山气体形成的升华壳和凝结水中富集多种岩浆组分和成矿金属;中低温的地热田水蒸气中也检测到成矿元素;某些斑岩型铜-金矿床的富气体包裹体比共存的盐水包裹体更富集Cu和Au。金属呈简单氯化物或氟化物、硫化物、含氧酸及原子迁移的理论假设低估了400℃以下气体搬运成矿金属的能力,而必须考虑溶剂化作用(水合作用),有关银、金、铜、锡、钼、钨在水热气相中的溶解度实验证实了这一点,基于实验数据的热力学模拟计算表明,水热气相可运移足够的成矿金属以形成具有经济价值的浅成热液型和斑岩型矿床。此外,实验也证实砷和硼从液相分配至气相中也与水合作用有关,其气液相间的分配系数随温度和水蒸气的压力增大而增强。无疑地,成矿金属被水热气相搬运的理论对理解金属矿床的形成机理和发展诸如深穿透地球化学的地球气找矿方法具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Heating experiments relevant to the depletion of Na,K and Mn in the Earth and other planetary bodies     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(4):125540

We have studied the evaporation of Na, K and Mn from Al-Na-K- and Mn-rich silicates at various conditions. Total alkali oxide contents ranged from 5 to 20%. The evaporation rate of Na increases with temperature and decreasing oxygen fugacity and decreases with duration of heating. The loss of K is in all cases less pronounced than for Na. Heating in an evacuated vacuum furnace is more effective in removing Na and K from melt droplets than in furnaces with one atm gas flow of air or gas mixtures controlling the oxygen fugacity. The strong pumping required to keep the vacuum removes Na and K atoms very effectively. In all experiments, the rate of evaporation is determined by quasi-equilibrium between a thin layer of Na and K rich gas above the molten silicates. The results of the experiments are in agreement with several other studies.In experiments with more than one sample in the furnace, equilibration of Na- and K-rich samples with Na- and K-poor samples occurred rapidly, mediated by the ambient gas phase.The results of experiments with Mn in starting compositions showed much stronger losses of Na than Mn under a variety of conditions.Thus the nearly chondritic Mn/Na ratios in the Earth cannot be the result of evaporation of Na and Mn in Earth-making materials, as the Mn/Na ratios in evaporation residues would be much higher than chondritic ratios. Such evaporation processes may have occurred in the parent material of Moon, Vesta and Mars.The data suggest, in agreement with earlier hypotheses, that the high and variable contents of Na and K in chondrules require a gas phase high in Na and K equilibrating with chondrule melts. The volume of nebular gas parental to a certain type of chondrites was heated and Na and K were lost from the chondrule precursors to the gas phase. Subsequently the nebular parcel was compressed leading to higher partial pressures of Na and K. Flash heating then produced chondrule melts which incorporated some of the gaseous Na and K and then cooled rapidly. The large range of Na and K contents in chondrule melts reflects very local enrichments of Na and K in the gas phase. Despite these variations bulk chondritic meteorites have well defined bulk Na and K contents, implying a closed system during formation of chondrules and matrix.  相似文献   

饱和场地土动力特性试验研究     

尚守平  熊伟  杜运兴  刘方成 《岩土力学》2008,29(1):23-27

在工程实际中认为饱和度超过80 %即为饱和土,但在室内土工试验中制作的土样饱和度达95 %以上,后者经过试验测定,动力参数与前者实际上有一定差异。在50,100,200 kPa三种固结压力下分别对饱和度为95 %,92 %,88 %,83 %的饱和土样进行了循环单剪试验,得到了4种土样在3种固结压力下的最大动剪模量Gdmax和最大阻尼比Dmax,以及动剪模量比G/Gdmax-? 和阻尼比D/Dmax-? 归一化数值,并进行了对比分析。结果表明：在同一固结压力下,土样的Gdmax,Dmax,G/Gdmax随着饱和度增大有相对递减的趋势,而阻尼比D/Dmax数值随着饱和度加大而逐渐增加;随着固结压力的增大,4种土样的Gdmax,Dmax以及G/Gdmax-? (? 为动剪应变)数值上差异逐渐减小。最后对此种现象进行了讨论并分析其产生的原因。  相似文献   

Shake table tests of small- and full-scale laminated timber frames with moment connections     

Andreas Heiduschke  Bo Kasal  Peer Haller 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):323-339

This paper describes the results of shake-table tests of laminated timber frames with moment beam-to-column connections. The objective of the study was to investigate the dynamic behaviour of small-scale (1:4) and full-scale (1:1) frames in regard to residual system deformations and changes in dynamic characteristic due to the progressing damage in the dowel-type connections. Different frame designs with and without connection reinforcement were tested. The experiments demonstrated that the frames were capable of resisting strong ground motions and undergoing large drifts without failure. Moment-resisting frames with correctly designed connections can behave as a self-centering system with columns and beams deforming elastically and connections functioning as energy dissipative links.  相似文献   

大功率多功能发射系统研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

石福升 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(3):1109-1114

DEM-T70是自行研制的具有自主知识产权的大功率多功能智能发射系统,用于为地面电磁法勘探提供大功率的人工场信号.发射系统中采用了GPS同步、DDS(直接数字频率合成)、CPLD(复杂可编程逻辑器件)、数字式PWM(脉冲宽度调制)稳流和发电机励磁稳流等新技术,开发了多频同步供电、高密度频点供电、全自动扫频供电和大功率快速逆变等关键技术,研制出大功率(70 kW)多功能(CSAMT-可控源音频大地电磁、SIP-谱激电、TDIP-时域激电)电磁法发射系统,其最高供电频率为8000 Hz,最高电压1200 V,最大电流100 A.场地试验表明,发射系统功能设计合理、技术指标先进、性能稳定可靠,该系统填补了我国在该领域的空白.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a gravel transport sensor for bed load measurements in natural flows     

Athanasios N. 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(1):1-15

A recent acoustic instrument （Gravel Transport Sensor, GTS） was tested for predicting sediment transport rate （bed load rate） in gravel bed streams. The GTS operation is based on the particle collision theory of submerged obstacles in fluids. When particles collide with the GTS cylinder their momentum is recorded in the form of ping rates. The GTS is attractive for further consideration here because of its potential to provide continuous unattended local bed load measurements, especially in areas found in streams that access may be difficult under extreme conditions. Laboratory experiments coupled with numerical simulations for the same flow conditions were performed in order to determine the conditions under which particles of different size will hit the GTS cylinder and be able to register a ping rate. The GTS was able to detect the number of particles with diameter in the range of 15.9 to 25.4 mm, with reasonable accuracy, if the applied Shields effective stress τ＊e = τ＊ - τ＊cr was in the range of 0.006 to 0.015. A drawback of the tested prototype GTS, however, was that it exerted increased resistance on the incoming particles. The added drag effects increased the overall resistance that was exerted by the flow on particles and thus increased the likelihood that particles will rest in the ambient region of the cylinder instead of hitting it. Numerical simulation of the flow around the GTS cylinder revealed that changing the prototype geometry from cylindrical to ellipsoid or rhomboid will increase the likelihood of the particles hitting the instrument under the same flow conditions failed by the original tested GTS cylinder.  相似文献