黄河三门峡至扣马段的阶地序列及成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏怀  王均平  潘保田  明庆忠  李琼 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(3):351-358

Based on field landscape investigations, thermoluminescence (TL), magnetostratigraphy and loess-paleosol sequence, we found that there are at least four Yellow River terraces, whose ages are 0.86 Ma, 0.62 Ma, 0.13 Ma and 0.05 Ma, in Yuxi Fault-Uplift (from Sanmen Gorge to Mengjin) and at least three Yellow River terraces, whose ages are 1.24 Ma, 0.25 Ma and 0.05 Ma, in Huabei Fault Depression (from Mengjin to Kouma). All the terraces have a similar structure that several meters of paleosols directly develop on the top of fluvial silt. It shows that the Yellow River incised and consequently abandoned floodplain converted to terrace during the interglacial period. Therefore, there may be a link between the formation of terraces and glacial-interglacial climatic cycles. However, the differences in the Yellow River terrace sequences and ages between Yuxi Fault-Uplift and Huabei Fault Depression indicate that the surface uplift should play an important role in the formation of these terraces. Foundation: Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Province, No.2007D199M; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40462002; No.40161002 Author: Su Huai (1977–), Ph.D, specialized in geomorphology and Quaternary geology.  相似文献   

粤北地区的河流阶地——广东河流阶地研究之三     

刘尚仁  黄进 《热带地理》2011,31(1):3-7

依据粤北至少16条河流、34处河流阶地、30个14C或热释光测龄数据等情况,探讨该区阶地的分布与特征:粤北最多有6级河流阶地,其最大阶地高度60 m,低于粤东和粤西5～16 m;第一级阶地变形最明显:乐昌峡以上属于常态阶地,乐昌峡以下属于半埋藏阶地;三水以下进入珠江三角洲属于埋藏阶地.第一级阶地冲积物时代为晚更新世至中...  相似文献   

川西岷江松潘段第四纪与新构造运动特征分析     

韩建恩  郭长宝  吴瑞安  任三绍  胥彪  杨志华 《地质力学学报》2017,23(6):864-881

在已有调查研究的基础上,通过野外地质调查和剖面测量,重点分析了岷江松潘段的漳腊盆地、斗鸡台盆地地貌特征、第四纪沉积物类型、物质成分、空间分布等特征,并系统测量和研究了松潘段岷江干流及其支流的河流阶地特征。研究表明,新构造运动控制了松潘段第四纪盆地的形态和地貌演化过程,漳腊盆地和斗鸡台盆地形成于中新世末至上新世初,西侧控盆断裂为东倾正断层,东侧为西倾逆断层,盆地为断块发生西降东升的翘板式断块运动过程中形成的,称之为"翘板式箕状盆地"。松潘段岷江河谷地貌呈现出宽谷和窄谷交替出现的特点,岷江干流及其支流中发育多处湖相地层,沉积特征表现为堰塞湖。岷江上游松潘段最多发育6级阶地,以侵蚀阶地和堆积阶地为主,主要形成于中更新世晚期—全新世时期。阶地级数具有分段性特点,不同区段阶地阶面宽窄不一,受区内新构造活动控制明显。岷江上游新构造运动表现为南北条带性和东西向差异掀斜抬升的特点,红桥关以上整体为构造隆升区,至少具有3次构造隆升,岷江上游斗鸡台盆地构造隆升强度整体上大于漳腊盆地。在尕米寺地区可能发生了6次构造抬升,红桥关一带构造抬升明显要强于漳腊盆地。  相似文献   

徐家围子断陷火山岩充填的层序地层   总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9  

程日辉  王璞珺  刘万洙  单玄龙  陈树民  曲永保 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2005,35(4):469-474

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷晚侏罗世-早白垩世期间火山岩十分发育,火山喷发岩的盆地充填样式与其在盆地中喷发的构造位置和构造断阶样式有关。根据火山岩的喷发构造位置和赋存情况,徐家围子断陷火山岩的盆地充填样式可以分为三种类型：沿断裂喷发-赋存样式、在上升盘喷发-赋存样式和在下降盘喷发-赋存样式。这些火山岩的充填样式具有不同的几何学特征。在层序发育过程中火山的喷发与火山岩的充填分别出现在低水位早期、低水位晚期和水进期。在层序地层格架中不同火山岩的充填样式影响或控制了盆地的地形、沉积作用类型、沉积体几何学和层序结构。这种构造[CD*2]火山活动背景下的层序地层模式可以作为油气勘探的地质模型,进行储集层预测。  相似文献   

A Karst Connection model for Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

C.A. Hill  N. Eberz  R.H. Buecher   《Geomorphology》2008,95(3-4):316-334

Along the Asturian coast of northern Spain an uplifted wave-cut platform extends for  100 km east–west. The steep cliff which bounds the gently seaward-dipping platform to the north increases in height from 30 m in the west to 100 m in the east and reflects the overall eastward increase in platform elevation. The southern edge of the 2–4 km-wide platform runs along the foothills of the Cantabrian Mountains, as constrained by a high-resolution digital elevation model. The marine platform, which was carved into deformed Paleozoic bedrock with abundant quartzite beds, is largely covered by weathered marine and continental sediments. Quartzite samples from flat bedrock outcrops which are currently not covered by sediment or soil yield cosmogenic nuclide concentrations (²¹Ne, ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al) that demonstrate a long and complex exposure history, including periods of burial with partial or complete shielding from cosmic rays. The combination of multiple cosmogenic nuclides yields a minimum age of 1–2 Ma for the platform. Taking into account (i) the horizontal and vertical extent of the platform, (ii) the high resistance to erosion of the quartzitic bedrock, and (iii) published data on the magnitude of past sea level fluctuations, we suggest that the wave-cut platform formed in the Pliocene. Subvertical faults cutting the platform at high angles to the coastline offset the southern edge of the platform by 20 to 40 m and reactivate the pre-existing anisotropy in the Paleozoic bedrock. Uplift and crustal deformation of the coastal region have occurred after platform formation in the Pliocene and may still be active. The slow deformation of the northern edge of the Iberian plate including the Cantabrian Mountains may result from the ongoing slow convergence at an incipient subduction zone extending along the coast of northern Spain.  相似文献   

Holocene debris-flow deposits and their implications on the climate in the upper Jinsha River valley, China     

Jian Chen  Fuchu Dai  Xin Yao 《Geomorphology》2008,93(3-4):493-500

Major debris-flow deposits occur along the xerothermic valley of the upper Jinsha River. The debris-flow deposits, ranging in thickness from 1 to 20 m, invariably occupy gently inclined piedmont slopes. The sediments are presently deeply dissected by gullies, and the process of mass movement has almost ceased. Detailed textural, stratigraphical, and geochemical studies reveal the formation processes of the debris flows. Seven debris-flow incidents are noted based on the unit combination characteristics of debris-flow deposits. The age estimates of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) show that the occurrence of debris flows started at around 10.6 kyr BP and weakened until 4.5 kyr BP, corresponding to the obvious strengthened phase of the summer monsoons in the region. The ages of the debris-flow deposits indicate that the occurrence of a mass of debris flows was a response to the intensified summer monsoon in the SE fringe of the Tibetan Plateau since the early Holocene.  相似文献   

哀牢山区梯田景观多功能的综合评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

角媛梅 《云南地理环境研究》2008,20(6):7-10

景观多功能的概念、研究内容和评价是景观生态学的研究热点之一。以哀牢山区梯田景观为例,从景观的生产价值、生态价值、文化价值与美学价值等4个方面提出其多功能价值综合评价的体系和标准,并分析和评价了梯田景观的多功能价值。结果表明：（1）梯田景观美学价值的6个指标均处于比较高的水平,美学价值高;（2）梯田景观生产价值的7个指标说明其生产功能低下;（3）梯田景观生态功能的7个指标说明其生态功能良好;（4）梯田景观文化价值的6个指标说明其文化社会功能很高;（5）梯田景观四种价值的顺序是文化价值〉美学价值〉生态价值〉生产价值,而从景观价值的总体水平看,其价值仅为良好状态,可见高层的综合评价结果是其下一级水平的平均状态。  相似文献   

利用岷江阶地的变形估算龙门山断裂带中段晚第四纪滑动速率   总被引：50，自引：15，他引：50       下载免费PDF全文

马保起  苏刚  侯治华  舒赛兵 《地震地质》2005,27(2):234-242

用岷江都江堰—汶川段晚第四纪阶地面的变形量估算了龙门山断裂带中段的滑动速率。岷江及其支流发育3级晚第四纪河流阶地,阶地面的年龄分别约为10,20,50kaBP。阶地纵剖面在茂汶-汶川断裂、北川-映秀断裂和江油-灌县断裂处有明显的垂直变形。断裂活动具有间歇性特点,晚第四纪以来有过3期活动,其起始时间分别为50,20,10kaBP。依据各级阶地面年龄和变形量估算的茂汶-汶川断裂、北川-映秀断裂和江油-灌县断裂晚第四纪逆冲滑动速率分别为0.5,0.6～0.3,0.2mm/a;据阶地走滑位错估算的茂汶-汶川断裂和北川-映秀断裂的晚第四纪右旋走滑速率均约为1mm/a。现代河床之下发育很厚的河流堆积物表明,龙门山的构造抬升经历了较为复杂的过程  相似文献   

Geometric Parameters as Key Factors for the 3D-modeling of Fluvial Deposits     

Raimo Becker-Haumann 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(1):83-100

GIS is an established and appropriate tool for the management and evaluation of geodata which is being increasingly used for the three‐dimensional modeling of strata. An advanced technique for the GIS‐based 3D‐modeling is developed here in order to integrate genetic aspects of deposition into the modeling process. The ArcView^® software (ESRI, Inc., Redlands, California) and the extensions 3D‐Analyst and Spatial Analyst have been used for the data management and layer rendering. The tools VirGIL and GSI‐3D (Insight Corp., Germany) have been applied for the purpose of visualization of the layers in 3D. The main topic of the work is the generation of geometrically consistent models of fluvial terrace bodies, which represent monogenetic fills of Pleistocene palaeovalleys. One peculiarity of the investigated Illerglacier foreland, southern Germany, is the occurrence of highly eroded terrace remnants. The preserved deposits are tied to several accumulation levels, but the usual way of morphostratigraphic interpretation is limited and results in lots of different stratigraphies and palaeogeographic ideas presented in literature. The sediment fill of meltwater valleys, which can be identified in the Illerglacier area is reconstructed based upon intense field mapping. The terrace accumulations are defined by the base and surface layers, which are thought to be isochronous. Some 1,400 data points were used to model these layers in 3D. The geometry of the sediment deposits is defined using basic parameters, e.g. the gradient and the thickness of the terrace, which are used as bench levels for the modeling process. The quality of the calculated maps and cross‐sections far surpasses that of those derived in the classic way without a genetic concept and without using the 3D‐modeling technique. The results derived from the terrace models are relevant for the stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the investigated region of the Alpine foreland. The advanced modeling technique can be used for the detail analyses of terrace sequences of other regions.  相似文献   

The Phytolith and Pollen Record since 10 ka BP from the Lhasa Region, Tibet     

CHEN Lingkang  CHEN Haixi  WANG Baodi  WU Kaixing  YU Jianxin  GU Yansheng  RUAN Linsen  XIA Baoben  XIN Zhonglei 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(2):588-606

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