扶壁式及L式挡土墙的模型土压力试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

魏元友 《岩土力学》1994,15(1):20-27

汇总分析了扶壁式墙和Ｌ型墙等多种结构模型，在填干砂、湿砂、砂中灌水、水中填砂等不同条件下进行试验，得到扶壁式墙立板和底板土压力减少的分布规律，提出了比较合理的土压力近似计算公式和简易的计算图式，并对有关算例进行了分析  相似文献   

A tomographic image of Indian lithosphere break-off beneath the Pamir–Hindukush region     

I. Koulakov  S. V. Sobolev 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,164(2):425-440

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Arc-type and intraplate-type ridge basalts formed at the trench-trench-ridge tripIe junction: Implication for the extensive sub-ridge mantle heterogeneity     

Soichi  Osozawa Takeyoshi  Yoshida 《Island Arc》1997,6(2):197-212

Abstract ' In situ basalts' represent the ridge magmatism at and close to the ancient trench-trench-ridge triple junction. Such basalts in the Amami, Mugi, and Setogawa accretionary complexes, Southwest Japan, were described and analysed. The geochemical data show that the ' in situ basalts' include all the types of basalts, ranging from alkali basalts and high-alumina basalts to tholeiites, and the compositions tend towards intermediate and silicic rocks. The data also reveal that the ridge basalts are indistinguishable both from the island arc and intraplate basalts, no affinities with mid-ocean-ridge basalts. The sub-ridge mantle adjacent to the triple junction had a component of sub-arc mantle, and this mantle heterogeneity can be generated by the formation of a slab window.  相似文献   

Resistivity and induced polarization response of a thin sheet     

Gerardo Aguirre  James R. Wait 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(6):882-892

The relevant potential theory is given for a current point source in the presence of a conductive slab embedded in a homogeneous host region of infinite extent. The thin sheet representation is obtained from the exact integral formulation by a simple mathematical limit process. The same result is also deduced directly at the outset by applying a thin sheet boundary condition. The apparent resistivity for a two electrode array is then computed for the case where the bore hole intersects the thin sheet at right angles. The corresponding results for the dilution factor, relevant to the induced polarization response, are also obtained. It is shown that the apparent resistivity and the dilution factor are constant when the potential and the current electrode straddle the sheet but there is a characteristic decrease as the electrodes move away from the sheet.  相似文献   

Thermal consequences of the formation of a slab window beneath the Mid-Cretaceous southwest Japan arc: A 2-D numerical analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Takamoto  Okudaira  Yoshiko  Yoshitake † 《Island Arc》2004,13(4):520-532

Abstract   The development of voluminous granitic magmatism and widespread high-grade metamorphism in Mid-Cretaceous southwest Japan have been explained by the subduction of a spreading ridge (Kula–Pacific or Farallon–Izanagi plate boundaries) beneath the Eurasian continent and the formation of a slab window. In the present study, the thermal consequences of the formation of a slab window beneath a continental margin are evaluated through a 2-D numerical simulation. The model results are evaluated by comparison with the Mid-Cretaceous geology of southwest Japan. Of particular interest are the absence of an amphibolite- to granulite-facies metamorphic belt near the Wadati–Benioff plane, and significant melting of the lower crustal-mafic rocks sufficient to form a large amount of granitic magma. Because none of the model results simultaneously satisfied these two geological interpretations, it is suggested that subduction of plate boundaries in Mid-Cretaceous southwest Japan was not associated with the opening of a slab window. According to previous studies, and the results of the present study, two different tectonic scenarios could reasonably explain the geological interpretations for Mid-Cretaceous southwest Japan: (i) The spreading ridge did not subduct beneath the Eurasian continent, but was located off the continental margin, implying the continuous subduction of very young oceanic lithosphere; (ii) ridge subduction beneath the continental margin occurred after active spreading had ceased. Consequently, in both tectonic scenarios, the subduction of plate boundaries at the Mid-Cretaceous southwest Japan was not associated with a slab window, but very young (hot) oceanic lithosphere.  相似文献   

柴北缘早古生代岛弧火山岩中埃达克质英安岩的发现及其地质意义   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

史仁灯  杨经绥  吴才来 《岩石矿物学杂志》2003,22(3):229-236

在柴达木北缘吉绿素滩间山群火山岩中发现埃达克质 (adakitic)英安岩 ,其主要地球化学特征如下 :SiO26 3.7%～ 6 4.3%,Al2 O3 15 .0 7%～ 15 .2 7%,MgO 3.47%～ 3.72 %,K2 O/Na2 O 0 .14～ 0 .2 5 ,Y和Yb含量较低 ,Y为17.82× 10 -6～ 18.10× 10 -6,平均 17.96× 10 -6,Yb为 1.47× 10 -6～ 1.5 5× 10 -6,Sr含量较高 ,为 5 2 7× 10 -6～ 5 37× 10 -6,亏损HREE ,具弱负Eu和Sr异常。除MgO高于正常的埃达克岩外 ,与世界上典型埃达克岩极为相似。据其地球化学研究结果并结合该区埃达克质英安岩 (5 14.2± 8.5Ma)和榴辉岩 (494.6± 6 .5Ma)的年龄数据 ,推测柴北缘板片在晚寒武世开始俯冲 ,俯冲板片在 75～ 85km深处开始部分熔融形成埃达克质岩浆 ,而熔融残留部分继续俯冲 ,在早奥陶世形成含石榴石残留相的榴辉岩。柴北缘埃达克质英安岩的发现进一步证实了早古生代柴北缘发生过洋陆俯冲作用。  相似文献   

伊豆-小笠原下方660km间断面的区域性差异     

周元泽  蒋志勇  臧绍先 《地震学报》2002,24(3):317-324

利用南、北加州地震台网、华盛顿州西北太平洋地震台网单分量短周期地震仪和德国、瑞士地震台网／台阵的三分量宽频带地震仪记录的1981～2000年伊豆——小笠原地区下方地震的波形资料，使用N次根倾斜叠加方法提取近源一侧来自间断面SdP转换震相，以研究660km间断面区域性差异．研究发现，自35Ｎ 到26Ｎ 的各剖面依次体现了和达 本尼奥夫带（Wadati-Benioff zone）倾角逐渐加大，且地震分布的最大深度也逐步增大，俯冲板块对660km间断面存在的影响也因此产生了差异性:没有俯冲板块影响的情况下，该间断面出现在CM）660km深度处，而受到俯冲板块明显作用的地区，则该间断面普遍出现下陷．转换点分布的一定程度分散性可能是间断面本身复杂结构、震相误判或一维球对称地球模型假定等因素造成的．这一转换点分布的分散性是一个亟需解决的问题．   相似文献   

日本列岛下太平洋俯冲板块的精细结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

江国明  赵大鹏  张贵宾 《地学前缘》2008,15(1):222-231

尽管许多学者对日本列岛下的太平洋俯冲板块做了大量的研究,但板块内部的结构(比如板块厚度,板块内地震波速度随深度的变化以及洋壳的俯冲情况等)仍然不太清楚。利用日本地区密集台网收集到的中深和深发地震到时数据来探讨上述问题。采用三维射线追踪正演模拟法,首先利用333个远震计算得到了日本地区太平洋板块的厚度为85km;然后利用3283个地震(震源深度大于40km)的130227条P波到时进一步研究板块内部的精细结构。结果显示,沿深度方向6个地层段(间隔100km)内的速度扰动值分别为5.5%,4.0%,3.5%,2.5%,2.0%和6.0%,在40～500km范围内速度扰动随深度的增加而减小,这与温度随深度的变化情况相一致。当深度大于500km时,速度扰动突然增大到6.0%,分析认为该异常可能由发生在东亚大陆边缘下方的深发地震无法精确定位导致的。最后利用40～500km深度范围内的近震测试得到日本东北和北海道地区下方洋壳俯冲的深度均为110km,平均厚度分别为7.5km和5km,相对于一维模型的速度扰动分别为1%和-3%。这说明洋壳在俯冲到110km以深时,由于受温度和压力的影响,逐渐脱水、变质,直至与板块融合。通过分析震源与洋壳的位置关系,本研究认为北海道地区比东北地区下方的俯冲洋壳可能含有更多的流体(比如水),导致两地区洋壳内的速度相差如此之大。此外,因为日本南部与洋壳对应的区域多为海洋,观测台站较少,所以本研究无法测试得到该区域内的洋壳俯冲情况。  相似文献   

精确测量的地幔体波走时及地幔非均匀性的强度   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

赵大鹏  Akira YAMADA  Yuhei OHTA 《地学前缘》2006,13(2):37-47

用波形相关法精确地测定了在世界各地发生的87个6级以上地震的P波, PP波和Pdiff波的503个走时数据。记录这些地震波形的是新建于西太平洋地区的海洋半球地震观测网。我们利用这些高精度的走时数据研究了地幔体波的走时残差的范围及地幔非均匀性的强度。结果表明,P波、PP波和Pdiff波的走时残差最大分别为9 s ,11 s和15 s ,这为地幔层析成像反演中应该使用的体波走时残差数据的范围提供了重要信息。超出这一范围的走时残差数据不应该用于反演中,以免歪曲成像结果。我们发现,当震中距小于40°时,P波走时残差的范围为-6到+9 s。而对于40°到99°之间的震中距,P波走时残差的范围为-3到+5s。由于震中距越大,P波穿透地幔越深,我们这一结果提供了直接和确凿的证据,表明上地幔和地幔转换带中的横向非均匀性的强度要远胜于下地幔。我们精确测量的Pdiff波的走时数据表明,在地幔底部存在显著的低速异常,可能与地幔热柱或者超级地幔柱有关。我们使用了一个最新的三维全球层析成像模型来解释这些体波走时数据的空间变化。  相似文献   

A migration model of magmatism explaining a ridge subduction, and its details on a statistical analysis of the granite ages in Cretaceous Southwest Japan     

Osamu Kinoshita 《Island Arc》1999,8(2):181-189

A migration model of magmatism based on the granite ages in Southwest Japan is proposed to explain the ridge subduction beneath the Eurasia continent as the cause of the along-arc and across-arc youngings of the granite ages and the very high activity of the magmatism in the Cretaceous. For the construction of the magmatic model, the localities of the granite age samples are denoted by the cartesian coordinates X and Y, which are measured along and normal to the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), respectively, and their ages are set corresponding to the coordinate Z vertical to the X–Y plane. The age trend is then formulated by a regression plane of Z on X and Y, which inclines in both directions along and normal to the MTL, and approximates the ages with the very high multiple correlation coefficient 0.91. Evaluating the magmatic trend by such a method, various characteristics of the activities can be taken easily; for example, the isochronous line of the magmatism, which is an intersection of the regression plane and an arbitrary horizontal plane, is found to extend landward obliquely across the continental margin. The migrating rate of the isochronous line along the MTL is also taken to be 2.8 cm/year as a reciprocal of the inclination of the along-arc younging. The isochronous line is speculated to be the out-cropped manifestation of the subcrustal linear heat source. Such a migrating linear heat source is probably due to the subduction of an active ridge, the Kula (or Izanagi)–Pacific ridge in the Cretaceous. The migration model of magmatism harmonizes very well with the plates and the ridge motions in the East Asia area during the late Mesozoic. The ridge subduction is one of the important phenomena that explain the unusually active arc magmatism and the migrating slab window; it is important to grasp dynamically the geological messages issued from the system.  相似文献