气象水文灾害的防灾减灾教育培训新进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

智协飞 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(6):885-889

简要综述了第十届世界气象组织教育与培训大会的主题报告内容.本次大会主要讨论防灾减灾的气象水文教育与培训等问题,集中讨论了"备灾-预防和早期预警"、"减灾-应急、救援和重建"和"跨学科培训"等3个主题,强调集合数值预报系统对于估计出现极端天气事件的风险非常重要,同时必须培训气象、水文工作者使用集合预报中的概率预报信息.中国气象灾害监测、预测和预警已经从单纯提供一般意义上的气象灾害信息提升到有利于社会经济发展的气象灾害服务,既考虑自然因子也考虑经济发展的影响.在跨学科培训方面,将管理知识和气象知识结合起来,可以取得非常好的效果.大会建议提高世界气象组织区域培训中心以及各国气象水文部门培训单位的培训能力,主要通过提供防灾减灾的专门培训单元,对自然灾害风险管理短期课程进行指导,重视各国气象水文部门对于管理和传播领域培训的需求.  相似文献   

Hydrological management of a cutover peatland     

A. L. Heathwaite 《水文研究》1994,8(3):245-262

Mechanisms for preserving the hydrological balance of Thorne Moors National Nature Reserve (NNR) while allowing peat extraction to continue in the surrounding peatland are examined. Three strategies exist for modifying seepage losses from the NNR: (I) re-direction of pump drainage waters from the peat extraction areas; (II) provision of a hydrological buffer zone around the NNR; and (III) mechanical compaction of the boundaries of the buffer zone. Strategy II (increased width of the buffer zone) should be used together with strategy III (compaction) for the maximum reduction of seepage losses from the NNR. If strategy I (water level manipulation) is also adopted, it may be possible to reduce the width of the hydrological buffer zone around the NNR.  相似文献   

Nutrient chemistry and hydrology of interstitial water in brackish tidal marshes of Chesapeake Bay     

Thomas E. Jordan  David L. Correll 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(1):45-55

Nutrient concentrations in interstitial water were measured throughout the year in two brackish tidal marshes differing in elevation and vegetation. At all sites, sulfate to chloride ratios were lowest during the fall. In contrast, dissolved ammonia, phosphate, organic nitrogen, and organic phosphorus concentrations did not vary seasonally but differed among sample sites. These nutrients were generally enriched in interstitial water relative to tidal water and those that were most enriched declined in concentration with increasing proximity to creeks. In the low elevation marsh, flow of interstitial water towards creek banks was traced with Rhodamine WT dye. Consequent seepage of interstitial water into the creek of the low marsh was estimated from continuous monitoring of water table heights and from measurements of hydraulic conductivity. The estimated seepage could account for a portion, probably less than half, of the tidal export of dissolved nutrients from the low marsh.  相似文献   

An analysis of methods for calculating constant terminal-settling velocities of spheres in liquids     

J. B. Warg 《Mathematical Geology》1973,5(1):59-72

Methods for calculating constant terminal-settling velocities (v_s)of spheres are examined for their validity and limitations of usefulness. A different approach is given which accurately predicts v_s for spheres over a wide range of hydraulic conditions based on past experimental work. The theory behind this approach is given along with the listing of a fortran program which directs the calculations of v_s.The practical limits of the author's method are stated, and tables of v_s may be generated from the program for common mineral densities over a range of sizes useful to sedimentologists.  相似文献   

The interaction between hydrology and geomorphology in a landscape simulator experiment     

Greg Hancock  Garry Willgoose 《水文研究》2001,15(1):115-133

An experimental landscape simulator has been developed which uses a rainfall simulator to create overland flow and erosion. The simulator uses rainfall sprinklers that eliminate rainsplash and an artificial soil which has little cohesion. Experimental landscapes developed in the simulator evolved according to Howard's headward growth model. Elements of Glock's model could be identified during evolution (i.e. initiation and maximum extension), but other stages of this model were not observed (i.e. extension and integration). The Horton concept of cross‐grading and micropiracy and stream piracy was not observed despite the dominance of overland flow, nor the groundwater headward growth mechanism proposed by Dunne, the latter due to experimental design, which eliminated any perched groundwater table. The experimental apparatus produced model landscapes that are scaled‐down analogues of real world processes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The link between glacier velocity and the drainage of ice-dammed lakes: Comment on a paper by knight and tweed     

D. M. Lawler 《水文研究》1994,8(5):447-456

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Indication of the uplift of the Ardenne in long-term gravity variations in Membach (Belgium)     

Olivier Francis  Michel Van Camp  Tonie van Dam  René Warnant  Marc Hendrickx 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,158(1):346-352

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MAPGIS6.6在数字水文地质图空间数据库建库中的应用     

孙卫东 《新疆地质》2004,22(3):323-325

数字水地质空间数据库建库方法是采用MAPGIS和ARCINFO混合建库，但随着MAPGIS软件版本升级，功能增强，建库方法一直也在改进．MAPGIS6．6软件的推出，进。步提升了其功能，能够更好的替代ARCINFO完成建库工作．笔在多年进行空间数据库建库工作中，总结了在MAPGIS6．6环境下完成建库工作几个重要环节的方法．  相似文献   

New observations on the geomorphology and origins of Mountain Lake,Virginia     

Jon C. Cawley  Bruce C. Parker  Lee J. Perren 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(4):429-440

Mountain Lake is the only natural lake of significance in the unglaciated southern Appalachian Highlands. It is located near the summit of Salt Pond Mountain, Giles County Virginia, at an elevation of 1177 m. It is underlain by Ordovician and Silurian non‐calcareous shale and sandstone of the Martinsburg, Juniata and Clinch formations. Historical (250 years) and sediment (6000 years) records suggest that the size of the lake has varied periodically. In the 1930s lake origin was proposed as due to valley damming by a lateral landslide (Hutchinson and Pickford, 1932) or damming by scree (Sharp, 1933). A later theory modified the landslide hypothesis to the primarily vertical collapse of a canyon feature in the Clinch (Parker et al., 1975). Fracture trace analysis now reveals a regional lineation feature associated with the lake. This feature is present surficially both downgradient from the lake to the northwest, and upgradient to the southeast. Sonar bathymetry and diver reconnaissance show it expressed as a (relatively sediment‐free) narrow open crevice in the deepest (33 m) portion of the lake, probably a fault. Hydrologic observation and resistivity suggest preferential water movement along this fracture, as well as leakage directly from the lake. The present study suggests conduit erosion within this feature and periodic vertical downsettling of overlying Clinch material as the primary mechanism of lake origin and water‐level fluctuations through time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

最大熵原理在水文水资源科学中的应用   总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21       下载免费PDF全文

王栋  朱元 《水科学进展》2001,12(3):424-430

简介最大熵原理的基本概念、理论和该原理在水文水资源科学领域中应用研究的进展,综述水文频串分析中推导概率分布和参数估计,时间序列最大熵谱分析等方面的研究成果,展望今后的研究趋向和应用前景。  相似文献